The Journal of Wrocław University of Science and Technology

and AGH University of Science and Technology

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

Studia Geotech et Mecha

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Liquefaction has always been intensely studied in parts of the world where earthquakes occur. However, the seismic activity is not the only possible cause of this phenomenon. It may in fact be triggered by some human activities, such as constructing and mining or by rail and road transport. In the paper a road embankment built across a shallow water reservoir is analyzed in terms of susceptibility to liquefaction. Two types of dynamic loadings are considered: first corresponding to an operation of a vibratory roller and second to an earthquake. In order to evaluate a susceptibility of soil to liquefaction, a factor of safety against triggering of liquefaction is used (FSTriggering). It is defined as a ratio of vertical effective stresses to the shear stresses both varying with time. For the structure considered both stresses are obtained using finite element method program, here Plaxis 2D. The plastic behavior of the cohesionless soils is modeled by means of Hardening Soil (HS) constitutive relationship, implemented in Plaxis software. As the stress tensor varies with time during dynamic excitation, the FSTriggering has to be calculated for some particular moment of time when liquefaction is most likely to occur. For the purposes of this paper it is named a critical time and established for reference point at which the pore pressures were traced in time. As a result a factor of safety distribution throughout embankment is generated. For the modeled structure, cyclic point loads (i.e., vibrating roller) present higher risk than earthquake of magnitude 5.4. Explanation why considered structure is less susceptible to earthquake than typical dam could lay in stabilizing and damping influence of water, acting here on both sides of the slope. Analogical procedure is applied to assess liquefaction susceptibility of the road embankment considered but under earthquake excitation. Only the higher water table is considered as it is the most unfavorable. Additionally the modified factor of safety is introduced, where the dynamic shear stress component is obtained at a time step when its magnitude is the highest - not necessarily at the same time step when the pore pressure reaches its peak (i.e., critical time). This procedure provides a greater margin of safety as the computed factors of safety are smaller. Method introduced in the paper presents a clear and easy way to locate liquefied zones and estimate liquefaction susceptibility of the subsoil - not only in the road embankment.</abstract>

Abstract

Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kielce University of Technology

Keywords

<article-title>Assessment of Susceptibility to Liquefaction of Saturated Road Embankment Subjected to Dynamic Loads</article-title>

Assessment of Susceptibility to Liquefaction of Saturated Road Embankment Subjected to Dynamic Loads

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Managing Editor ADRIAN RÓŻAŃSKI, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland Editor-in-Chief MAREK CAŁA, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland DARIUSZ ŁYDŻBA, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland WOJCIECH PUŁA, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland Associate Editors GIOVANNA VESSIA, Universitá degli studi "G.d’Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Italy PHILIPPE COSENZA, Université de Poitiers, France IGOR SEVOSTIANOV, New Mexico State University, USA Honorary Editor RYSZARD J. IZBICKI, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland Editorial Advisory Board ZENON MRÓZ - Chairman, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland LECH BAŁACHOWSKI, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland ANDRZEJ BATOG, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland FRANCESCO CAFARO, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy FRANCESCA CASINI, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy EUGENIUSZ DEMBICKI, Technical University of Gdańsk, Poland ANDRZEJ DRESCHER, University of Minnesota, USA ALBERT GIRAUD, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France GERD GUDEHUS, Universität Fridericiana, Germany JERZY HOŁA, Wrocław University of Technology, Poland TOMASZ HUECKEL, Duke University, USA PIOTR KONDERLA, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland DJIMÉDO KONDO, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France ZBIGNIEW LECHOWICZ, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Poland MAREK LEFIK, Lodz University of Technology, Poland RADOSŁAW MICHAŁOWSKI, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA ZBIGNIEW MŁYNAREK, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland TREVOR ORR, Department of Civil, Structural &amp; Environmental Engineering, Ireland MARTIN OSTOJA-STARZEWSKI, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA ALESSANDRO PAGLIAROLI, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy STANISŁAW PIETRUSZCZAK, McMaster University, Canada THOMAS ROUGELOT, Laboratory of multiscale and multiphysics mechanics (LaMcube), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France JIAN-FU SHAO, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France ANDRZEJ TRUTY, Cracow University of Technology, Poland ZHANG WENGANG, Chongqing University, China Editorial Office Secretary AGNIESZKA STOPKOWICZ, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland JOANNA PIECZYŃSKA-KOZŁOWSKA, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland MARCIN CHWAŁA, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Webmaster MAREK KAWA, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland Address ul. Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław POLAND <A href="mailto:sgem@pwr.wroc.pl">sgem@pwr.wroc.pl</A> Publisher De Gruyter Poland Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str. 01-811 Warsaw, Poland

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Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

Assessment of Susceptibility to Liquefaction of Saturated Road Embankment Subjected to Dynamic Loads

Anna Borowiec oraz
Anna Borowiec oraz
Krzysztof Maciejewski
Krzysztof Maciejewski

Data publikacji: 13 Jun 2014

Tom & Zeszyt: Tom 36 (2014) - Zeszyt 1 (March 2014)

Zakres stron: 15 - 22

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Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

Assessment of Susceptibility to Liquefaction of Saturated Road Embankment Subjected to Dynamic Loads

Anna Borowiec orazAnna Borowiec orazKrzysztof MaciejewskiKrzysztof Maciejewski

Data publikacji: 13 Jun 2014

Tom & Zeszyt: Tom 36 (2014) - Zeszyt 1 (March 2014)

Zakres stron: 15 - 22

Dziennik i szczegóły wydania

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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Anna Borowiec oraz
Anna Borowiec oraz
Krzysztof Maciejewski
Krzysztof Maciejewski