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Modelling the Obstacles to using Bicycle Sharing Systems in the Tehran Metropolis: A Structural Analysis

Majid Akbari
Majid Akbari
, 
Moslem Zarghamfard
Moslem Zarghamfard
, 
Arezoo Hajisharifi
Arezoo Hajisharifi
, 
Shahram Amir Entekhabi
Shahram Amir Entekhabi
 oraz 
Sadrallah Goodarzipour
Sadrallah Goodarzipour
   | 24 cze 2022
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Data publikacji: 24 cze 2022
Zakres stron: 109 - 124
Otrzymano: 03 lip 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2022-0011
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© 2022 Majid Akbari et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig 1

Bicycle routes and stations in Tehran.Source: own study.
Bicycle routes and stations in Tehran.Source: own study.

Fig 2

MICMAC diagram of obstacles to the use of BSSs in the metropolis of Tehran.BSSs – bicycle sharing systemsSource: research findings.
MICMAC diagram of obstacles to the use of BSSs in the metropolis of Tehran.BSSs – bicycle sharing systemsSource: research findings.

Initial reachability matrix.

JI C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19
C1 * 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
C2 1 * 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
C3 0 0 * 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
C4 1 1 1 * 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
C5 1 1 1 1 * 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
C6 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
C7 1 1 0 0 1 1 * 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
C8 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 * 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
C9 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 * 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
C10 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 * 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
C11 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 * 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
C12 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 * 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
C13 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 * 1 1 1 0 0 0
C14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 * 1 1 0 0 0
C15 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * 1 0 0 1
C16 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 * 0 0 0
C17 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * 1 0
C18 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 * 1
C19 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 *

Partition of reachability matrix.

Elements Reachability set Antecedent set Intersection set Level
C1 C3, C5, C6, C9, C14, C17, C18 C2, C4, C5, C7, C8, C9, C10, C13, C14, C16, C17, C18 C5, C9, C14, C17, C18 7
C2 C1, C3, C4, C5, C6, C14, C17 C4, C5, C7, C8, C9, C10, C13, C14, C16, C18 C4, C5, C14 7
C3 C5, C6, C13, C14 C1, C2, C4, C5, C8, C13, C14, C17 C5, C13, C14 4
C4 C1, C2, C3, C10, C14 C2, C5, C8, C9, C10, C13, C14, C17, C18 C2, C10, C14 5
C5 C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8, C9, C10, C13, C14, C16 C1, C2, C3, C7, C8, C9, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18 C1, C2, C3, C8, C9, C13, C14, C16 11
C6 C9, C11, C14 C1, C2, C3, C5, C7, C9, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, C19 C9, C11, C14 3
C7 C1, C2, C5, C6, C10, C12, C14, C15, C16 C14, C17 C14 9
C8 C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C11, C12, C14 C5, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17 C5, C11, C12, C14 8
C9 C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C10, C14 C1, C5, C6, C10, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18 C1, C5, C6, C10, C14 7
C10 C1, C2, C4, C9, C12, C14 C4, C5, C7, C9, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17 C4, C9, C12, C14 6
C11 C6, C8, C14, C19 C6, C8, C13, C14, C15, C17 C6, C8, C14 4
C12 C6, C8, C10, C14 C7, C8, C10, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17 C8, C10, C14 4
C13 C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C14, C15, C16 C3, C5, C15, C16, C17 C3, C5, C15, C16 14
C14 C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C15, C16 C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C15, C17 C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C15 14
C15 C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C16, C19 C7, C13, C14, C16, C17, C18 C13, C14, C16 11
C16 C1, C2, C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C12, C13, C15 C5, C7, C13, C14, C15, C17, C18 C5, C13, C15 10
C17 C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C18, C19 C1, C2 C1 16
C18 C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C9, C15, C16, C19 C1, C17, C19 C1, C19 9
C19 C6, C18 C11, C15, C18 C18 2

Initial identified barriers.

Elements Definition of elements References or bibliography
C1 More travel expenses for people (3,000 tomans per hour) Field studies and interview with users
C2 High cost of deposit and insurance Field studies and interview with users
C3 Expensiveness to low-income strata Interview with experts
C4 Non-refundability of deposit Field studies and interview with users
C5 Lack of special bicycle route Field studies and interview with users
C6 Recreational feature of shared bicycling rather than being public transport vehicle Interview with experts
C7 Physical obstacles (topography and sharp slopes, highways) Field studies and interview with users
C8 Low level of standard and quality of bicycles Field studies and interview with users
C9 Lack of bicycles in parking Field studies and interview with users
C10 Shortage in bicycle stations across the city Field studies and interview with users
C11 Software problems including not sending messages to users when not having enough bicycles Field studies and interview with users
C12 Bicycle routes being more symbolic rather than being practical Interview with experts
C13 Low level of culturalisation and education Interview with experts
C14 Non-use of citizens’ participatory capacities Interview with experts
C15 Lack of supportive and service-making system Field studies and interview with users
C16 Non-existence of integrative network of bicycle lanes Field studies
C17 Financial resource problems and lack of integration in urban management Field studies
C18 Weather pollution Field studies
C19 Lack of bicycle reservation system Field studies

Structural self-interactive matrix.

JI C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19
C1 * A V A X V A A X A O O A X O A X X O
C2 * V X X V A A A A O O A X O A V A O
C3 * A X V O A O O O O X X O O A O O
C4 * A O O A A X O O A X O O A A O
C5 * V A X X V O O X X A X A A O
C6 * A O X O X A A X A A A A A
C7 * O O V O V O X V V A O O
C8 * O O X X A X A A A O O
C9 * X O O A X A A A A O
C10 * O X A X A A A O O
C11 * O A X A O A O V
C12 * A X A A A O O
C13 * V X X A O O
C14 * X V A O O
C15 * X A A V
C16 * A A O
C17 * V O
C18 * X
C19 *

Final reachability matrix.

JI C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 Driver power
C1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 7
C2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 7
C3 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
C4 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5
C5 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 11
C6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3
C7 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 9
C8 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8
C9 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7
C10 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6
C11 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 4
C12 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
C13 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 14
C14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 14
C15 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 11
C16 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 10
C17 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 16
C18 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 9
C19 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2
Dependence power 12 10 8 9 12 15 2 8 10 10 6 8 5 15 6 7 2 3 3 –
eISSN:
2081-6383
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Geosciences, Geography
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