Contamination of bottom sediments by lead, zinc and cadmium in Rzeszow reservoir

Figure 1

Classification of bottom sediments quality, used by Polish Geological Institute [Bojakowska 2001, Bojakowska Sokołowska 1998]

Heavy metal	Geochemical background	I noncontaminated	II moderately contaminated	III highly contaminated	IV very highly contaminated
Pb	15	30	100	200	> 200
Cd	< 0.5	1	3.5	6	> 6
Zn	73	200	500	1000	> 1000

Comparison the results with the methods for assessment of sediment contamination

Location date and collection	Element	RME*	PEL/PEC	LEL/SEL	PGI	Igeo/class	LAW classification
1 VI 2018	Pb	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.01/0	I
	Cd	↓	↓/↓	↑/↓	I	0.20/I	II
	Zn	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	0.01/I	I-II
2 VI 2018	Pb	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	0.18/I	I-II
	Cd	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-4.44/0	I
	Zn	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.56/0	I
3 VI 2018	Pb	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	0.08/I	I
	Cd	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-6.42/0	I
	Zn	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.54/0	I
4 VI 2018	Pb	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.73/0	I
	Cd	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.34/0	I-II
	Zn	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.99/0	I
5 VI 2018	Pb	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.77/0	I
	Cd	↓	↓/↓	↑/↓	I	0.08/I	II
	Zn	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.45/0	I
1 X 2018	Pb	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.73/0	I
	Cd	↓	↓/↓	↑/↓	I	0.01/I	II
	Zn	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.46/0	I
2 X 2018	Pb	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.07/0	I
	Cd	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-5.00/0	I
	Zn	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-1.01/0	I
3 X 2018	Pb	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	0.07/I	I
	Cd	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-6.03/0	I
	Zn	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.59/0	I
4 X 2018	Pb	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-1.37/0	I
	Cd	↓	↓/↓	↑/↓	I	0.00/I	II
	Zn	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-0.07/0	I-II
5 X 2018	Pb	↓	↓/↓	↓/↓	I	-2.92/0	I
	Cd	↓	↓/↓	↑/↓	I	0.30/I	II
	Zn	↓	↓/↓	↑/↓	I	0.23/I	I-II

Contents of heavy metals in samples of bottom sediments presented as mg·kg–1d_m

x	Pb		Cd		Zn
Location	VI 2016	X 2016	VI 2016	X 2016	VI 2016	X 2016
1	22.35	13.52	0.86	0.76	110.55	79.82
2	25.42	21.38	0.03	0.02	74.32	54.39
3	23.81	23.69	0.01	0.01	75.55	72.64
4	13.54	8.72	0.59	0.75	55.21	104.30
5	13.22	2.98	0.80	0.92	80.15	128.00
M	19.66	14.06	0.46	0.49	79.15	87.83
SD	5.84	8.63	0.41	0.44	19.98	28.72
Gb	15		0.5		73

The limit value of trace elements in sediments (presented as mg·kg–1d_m_) [Macdonald et al_ 2000, http://ekoinfonet_gios_gov_pl]

Heavy metal	RME	PEL	PEC	LEL	SEL
Pb	200	91	128	31	250
Cd	7.5	3.5	4.98	0.6	10
Zn	1000	315	459	120	820

Geoaccumulation indexes for metals [Müller 1981]

Index Value Class	Class	Description quality of sediment
Igeo ≤ 0	0	uncontaminated
0 < Igeo < 1	1	uncontaminated contaminated to moderately
1 < Igeo < 2	2	moderately contaminated
2 < Igeo < 3	3	moderately contaminated to strongly
3 < Igeo < 4	4	strongly contaminated
4 < Igeo < 5	5	strongly contaminated to extremely
5 < Igeo	6	extremely contaminated

Permissible concentration of heavy metals in bottom sediments by LAW classification [Länderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser 1998]

Element	Pb	Cd	Zn	Sediment quality
I	≤ 25	≤ 0.3	≤ 100	I - Uncontaminated
I-II	≤ 50	≤ 0.6	≤ 200	I-Moderately II - Contaminated polluted /
II	≤ 100	≤ 1.2	≤ 400	II - Moderately polluted
II-III	≤ 200	≤ 2.4	≤ 800	II-III - Moderately polluted / Heavily contaminated
III	≤400	≤ 4.8	≤ 1600	III - Heavily polluted
III-IV	≤ 800	≤ 9.6	≤ 3200	III-IV heavily - Strongly polluted / Very
IV	> 800	> 9.6	> 3200	IV - Very polluted heavily