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Striving for a restitution of the former splendor? Reasons for municipal splits in Poland

Julita Łukomska
Julita Łukomska
   | 29 sty 2021
Miscellanea Geographica's Cover Image
Miscellanea Geographica
Tom 25 (2021): Zeszyt 1 (January 2021)
Thematic Issue: Re-inventing territorial organization of the local tier: municipal splits in Central and Eastern Europe. Guest Editors: Pawel Swianiewicz, Katarzyna Szmigiel-Rawska
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Data publikacji: 29 sty 2021
Zakres stron: 71 - 81
Otrzymano: 19 maj 2020
Przyjęty: 10 gru 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0047
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© 2021 Julita Łukomska, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Timing and type of municipal divorces in Poland (1995–2019)Note: U – urban municipality, R – rural municipality, UR – urban–rural municipality; e.g. U = U + U means the division of an urban municipality into two urban local government unitsSource: own calculation based on Main Statistical Office (2020) and Ministry of Interior and Administration data (2020).
Timing and type of municipal divorces in Poland (1995–2019)Note: U – urban municipality, R – rural municipality, UR – urban–rural municipality; e.g. U = U + U means the division of an urban municipality into two urban local government unitsSource: own calculation based on Main Statistical Office (2020) and Ministry of Interior and Administration data (2020).

Figure 2

Population size of new municipalities in Poland (data from the year of municipal splits; mean and median from 1995)Source: own calculation based on Main Statistical Office (2020) and Ministry of Interior and Administration data (2020).
Population size of new municipalities in Poland (data from the year of municipal splits; mean and median from 1995)Source: own calculation based on Main Statistical Office (2020) and Ministry of Interior and Administration data (2020).

Figure 3

Ratio of population size of the 22 new (initiator) to abandoned municipalitiesSource: own calculation based on Main Statistical Office (2020) and Ministry of Interior and Administration data (2020).
Ratio of population size of the 22 new (initiator) to abandoned municipalitiesSource: own calculation based on Main Statistical Office (2020) and Ministry of Interior and Administration data (2020).

Figure 4

Ratio of the affluence of local budget of the 22 new (initiator) to abandoned municipalitiesSource: own calculation based on Ministry of Finance (2020) and Ministry of Interior and Administration data (2020).
Ratio of the affluence of local budget of the 22 new (initiator) to abandoned municipalitiesSource: own calculation based on Ministry of Finance (2020) and Ministry of Interior and Administration data (2020).

Historical past of newly created municipalities after 1995 regarding their functioning as separate administrative units

Separate municipality in 1954–1972 Amalgamated in 1973 Amalgamated in 1975 (separate municipality in 1973–1975) Amalgamated after 1975 (when?)
Izabelin + +
Jaśliska + +
Kościelisko + +
Krościenko Wyżne + +
Ksawerów + +
Łączna + +
Poronin + +
Powidz + +
Regnów + +
Rytro + +
Skarżysko Kościelne + +
Słopnice + +
Spytkowice + +
Stoczek Łukowski + 1992
Trzciana + +
Chełm Śląski + +
Imielin + +
Marklowice + +
Miasteczko Śląskie + +
Pszów + +
Radlin + +
Radzionków + +

Comparison between the number of inhabitants of the population centres in initiator and abandoned municipalities (data from 2009Due to data unavailability, analysis is based on data from 2009.)

Number of inhabitants of the population centre (initiator municipality) Number of inhabitants of the population centre (abandoned municipality) Ratio of the population centre of initiator to abandoned*
Izabelin (R) 3 550 Stare Babice (R) 2 000 1.77
Krościenko Wyżne (R) 5 398 Korczyna (R) 6 047 0.89
Ksawerów (R) 6 550 Pabianice (R) 5 270 1.24
Regnów (R) 332 Cielądz (R) 806 0.41
Skarżysko Kościelne (R) 2 339 Mirzec (R) 2 121 1.10
Słopnice (R) 6 189 Tymbark (R) 2 840 2.18
Spytkowice (R) 4 262 Raba Wyżna (R) 4 243 1.00
Trzciana (R) 1 510 Żegocina (R) 1 685 0.90
Jaśliska (R) 413 Dukla (UR) 2 212 0.19
Kościelisko (R) 4 403 Gmina Tatrzańska (UR) 28 337 0.16
Poronin (R) 4 195 Gmina Tatrzańska (UR) 28 337 0.15
Łączna (R) 903 Suchedniów (UR) 9 117 0.10
Powidz (R) 1 313 Witkowo (UR) 8 151 0.16
Rytro (R) 2 273 Piwniczna-Zdrój (UR) 6 088 0.37
Stoczek Łukowski (U) 2 806 Stoczek Łukowski (UR) 2 806 1.00

Unsuccessful attempts for municipal divorce

Municipality: initiator (name and population) ‘Mother’ municipality (name and population size, excluding initiator) Local referendum (date, result) Other activities to create new local government and the dates of the initiatives Historical past of being a separate unit
Łagiewniki c.2,000 Łódź c.758,250 No referendum Social initiative and the collection of 300 signatures of residents for the creation of a new municipality but no formal proposal to the City Hall of Łódź – March 2006. Until 1946, separate municipality
Chełmsko Śląskie c.3,124 Lubawka c.8,717 and Kamienna Góra c.8,424 No referendum Formal proposal for the creation of a new municipality submitted to the municipal council – 2007. 1945–1972, separate municipality
Komorów c.5,670 Michałowice c.10,760 No referendum Establishment of a social initiative to create the municipality of Komorów; written support from over 1,000 inhabitants – March 2009. Petition of known central level politicians to the Ministry of Interior and Administration – July 2009. Until 1972, separate municipality
Miasto Śląskie c.24,000 Mysłowice c.51,300 No referendum Social initiative coming from the inhabitants of 8 southern districts of the city of Mysłowice – October 2012. Referendum proposal (January 2013): rejected.
Szczawa c.2,000 Kamienica c.5,750 22.09.2013 Invalid: turnout 13.5% Approval of the Ministry for the creation of the new municipality but the new parliament repealed the regulation prepared by the previous government – second half of 2015. 1954–1961, separate municipality
Grabówka c.7,600 Supraśl c.7,500 24.05.2015 Turnout 62% (combined with presidential election) (45% for the division) Approval of the Ministry for the creation of the new municipality but the new parliament repealed the regulation prepared by the previous government – second half of 2015. 1954–1972, separate municipality
Jankowice c.4,000 Świerklany c.8,000 06.01.2013 Invalid: turnout 27.1% In January 2012, the municipal council of Świerklany received a formal proposal to take statutory actions regarding the separation of a new municipality. 1946–1972, separate municipality
Majdan Stary c.2,600 Księżpol c.4,300 13.01.2013 Invalid: turnout 28.3% In October 2011, a formal proposal submitted to the municipal council of Księżpol.
Kamyk c.3,700 Kłobuck c.17,000 19.01.2014 Invalid: turnout 15.7% On 5 March 2013, a representative of the referendum initiators submitted an official request to the mayor of Kłobuck for a referendum.The date of the referendum was set for 14 July 2013; however, the referendum did not take place due to the lack of the timely opinion of the regional office.In December 2013, after an appeal to the Regional Administrative Court, the electoral commissioner announced a new date for the referendum. Until 1976, separate municipality
Huta-Dąbrowa c.1,300 Krzywda c.9,400 No referendum Establishing an association for the new municipality of Huta-Dąbrowa (2012).

Number of municipalities in Poland (1991–2018)

Year Number of municipal governments
1991 2420
1994 2468
2000 2489
2002 2478
2010 2479
2014 2479
2018 2478
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