This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Aguado-Urda M., Cutuli M.T., Blanco M., Aspiroz C., Tejedor J.L., Fernández-Garayzábal J.F., Gibello A.: Utilization of lactose and presence of the phosphor-β-galactosidase (lacG) gene in Lactococcus garvieae isolates from different sources. Int Microbiol 2010, 13, 189–193, doi: 10.2436/20.1501.01.125.Aguado-UrdaM.CutuliM.T.BlancoM.AspirozC.TejedorJ.L.Fernández-GarayzábalJ.F.GibelloA.: Utilization of lactose and presence of the phosphor-β-galactosidase (lacG) gene in Lactococcus garvieae isolates from different sources. Int Microbiol2010, 13, 189–193, 10.2436/20.1501.01.125.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Chan J.F., Woo P.C., Teng J.L., Lau S.K., Leung S.S., Tam F.C., Yuen K.Y.: Primary infective spondylodiscitis caused by Lactococcus garvieae and a review of human L. garvieae infections. Infection 2011, 39, 259–264, doi: 10.1007/s15010-011-0094-8.ChanJ.F.WooP.C.TengJ.L.LauS.K.LeungS.S.TamF.C.YuenK.Y.: Primary infective spondylodiscitis caused by Lactococcus garvieae and a review of human L. garvieae infections. Infection2011, 39, 259–264, 10.1007/s15010-011-0094-8 .Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Collins M.D., Farrow J.A., Phillips B.A., Kandler O.: Streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. and Streptococcus plantarum sp. nov. J Gen Microbiol 1983, 129, 3427–3431, doi: 10.1099/00221287-12911-3427.CollinsM.D.FarrowJ.A.PhillipsB.A.KandlerO.: Streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. and Streptococcus plantarum sp. nov. J Gen Microbiol1983, 129, 3427–3431, 10.1099/00221287-12911-3427.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Dawadi P., Odari R., Poudel R.C., Bhatt L.R., Pokhrel L.R.: Isolation of Lactococcus garvieae NEP21 from raw cow (Bos indicus) milk in Nepal. Sci Total Environ 2023, 861, 160641, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160641.DawadiP.OdariR.PoudelR.C.BhattL.R.PokhrelL.R.: Isolation of Lactococcus garvieae NEP21 from raw cow (Bos indicus) milk in Nepal. Sci Total Environ2023, 861, 160641, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160641.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
de Oliveira R.P., Aragão B.B., de Melo R.P.B., da Silva D.M.S., de Carvalho R.G., Juliano M.A., Farias M.P.O., de Lira N.S.C., Mota R.A.: Bovine mastitis in northeastern Brazil: Occurrence of emergent bacteria and their phenotypic and genotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022, 85, 101802, doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101802.de OliveiraR.P.AragãoB.B.de MeloR.P.B.da SilvaD.M.S.de CarvalhoR.G.JulianoM.A.FariasM.P.O.de LiraN.S.C.MotaR.A.: Bovine mastitis in northeastern Brazil: Occurrence of emergent bacteria and their phenotypic and genotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis2022, 85, 101802, 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101802.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Devriese L.A., Hommez J., Laevens H., Pot B., Vandamme P., Haesebrouck F.: Identification of aesculin-hydrolyzing streptococci, lactococci, aerococci, and enterococci from subclinical intramammary infections in dairy cows. Vet Microbiol 1999, 70, 87–94, doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00124-8.DevrieseL.A.HommezJ.LaevensH.PotB.VandammeP.HaesebrouckF.: Identification of aesculin-hydrolyzing streptococci, lactococci, aerococci, and enterococci from subclinical intramammary infections in dairy cows. Vet Microbiol1999, 70, 87–94, 10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00124-8.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Doménech A., Prieta J., Fernández-Garayzábal J.F., Collins M.D., Jones D., Domínguez L.: Phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence for a close relationship between Lactococcus garvieae and Enterococcus seriolicida. Microbiology 1993, 9, 63–68, doi: 10.2436/20.1501.01.125.DoménechA.PrietaJ.Fernández-GarayzábalJ.F.CollinsM.D.JonesD.DomínguezL.: Phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence for a close relationship between Lactococcus garvieae and Enterococcus seriolicida. Microbiology1993, 9, 63–68, 10.2436/20.1501.01.125.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Eldar A., Ghittino C., Asanta L., Bozzetta E., Goria M., Prearo M., Bercovier H.: Enterococcus seriolicida is a junior synonym of Lactococcus garvieae, a causative agent of septicaemia and meningoencephalitis in fish. Curr Microbiol 1996, 32, 85–88, doi: 10.1007/s002849900015.EldarA.GhittinoC.AsantaL.BozzettaE.GoriaM.PrearoM.BercovierH.: Enterococcus seriolicida is a junior synonym of Lactococcus garvieae, a causative agent of septicaemia and meningoencephalitis in fish. Curr Microbiol1996, 32, 85–88, 10.1007/s002849900015.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Elliott J.A., Facklam R.R.: Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Lactococcus lactis and Lactococcus garvieae and a proposed method to discriminate between them. J Clin Microbiol 1996, 34, 1296–1298, doi: 10.1128/jcm.34.5.1296-1298.1996.ElliottJ.A.FacklamR.R.: Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Lactococcus lactis and Lactococcus garvieae and a proposed method to discriminate between them. J Clin Microbiol1996, 34, 1296–1298, 10.1128/jcm.34.5.1296-1298.1996.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Eraclio G., Ricci G., Moroni P., Santisteban C., Plumed-Ferrer C., Bennett J., Fortina M.G.: Sand bedding as a reservoir for Lactococcus garvieae dissemination in dairy farms. Can J Microbiol 2019, 65, 84–89, doi: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0251.EraclioG.RicciG.MoroniP.SantistebanC.Plumed-FerrerC.BennettJ.FortinaM.G.: Sand bedding as a reservoir for Lactococcus garvieae dissemination in dairy farms. Can J Microbiol2019, 65, 84–89, 10.1139/cjm-2018-0251.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Evans J.J., Pasnik D.J., Klesius P.H., Al-Ablani S.: First report of Streptococcus agalactiae and Lactococcus garvieae from a wild bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). J Wildl Dis 2006, 42, 561–569, doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-42.3.561.EvansJ.J.PasnikD.J.KlesiusP.H.Al-AblaniS.: First report of Streptococcus agalactiae and Lactococcus garvieae from a wild bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). J Wildl Dis2006, 42, 561–569, 10.7589/0090-3558-42.3.561 .Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ferrario C., Ricci G., Milani C., Lugli G.A., Ventura M., Eraclio G., Borgo F., Fortina M.G.: Lactococcus garvieae: where is it from? A first approach to explore the evolutionary history of this emerging pathogen. PLoS One 2013, 8, e84796, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084796.FerrarioC.RicciG.MilaniC.LugliG.A.VenturaM.EraclioG.BorgoF.FortinaM.G.: Lactococcus garvieae: where is it from? A first approach to explore the evolutionary history of this emerging pathogen. PLoS One2013, 8, e84796, 10.1371/journal.pone.0084796.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Flórez A.B., Reimundo P., Delgado S., Fernández E., Alegría A., Guijarro J.A., Mayo B.: Genome sequence of Lactococcus garvieae IPLA 31405, a bacteriocin-producing, tetracycline-resistant strain isolated from a raw-milk cheese. J Bacteriol 2012, 194, 5118–5119, doi: 10.1128/JB.00975-12.FlórezA.B.ReimundoP.DelgadoS.FernándezE.AlegríaA.GuijarroJ.A.MayoB.: Genome sequence of Lactococcus garvieae IPLA 31405, a bacteriocin-producing, tetracycline-resistant strain isolated from a raw-milk cheese. J Bacteriol2012, 194, 5118–5119, 10.1128/JB.00975-12.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Garvie E.I., Farrow J.A.E., Phillips B.A.: A taxonomic study of some strains of streptococci which grow at 10 °C but not at 45 °C, including Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris. Zentralblatt Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infekt Hyg Abt 1 Orig C 1981, 2, 151–165, doi: 10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80037-380037-3.GarvieE.I.FarrowJ.A.E.PhillipsB.A.: A taxonomic study of some strains of streptococci which grow at 10 °C but not at 45 °C, including Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris. Zentralblatt Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infekt Hyg Abt 1 Orig C1981, 2, 151–165, 10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80037-380037-3.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gibello A., Galán-Sánchez F., Blanco M.M., Rodríguez-Iglesias M., Domínguez L., Fernández-Garayzábal J.F.: The zoonotic potential of Lactococcus garvieae: An overview on microbiology, epidemiology, virulence factors, and relationship with its presence in foods. Res Vet Sci 2016, 109, 59–70, doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.010.GibelloA.Galán-SánchezF.BlancoM.M.Rodríguez-IglesiasM.DomínguezL.Fernández-GarayzábalJ.F.: The zoonotic potential of Lactococcus garvieae: An overview on microbiology, epidemiology, virulence factors, and relationship with its presence in foods. Res Vet Sci2016, 109, 59–70, 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.010.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kubota H., Tsuji H., Matsuda K., Kurawa T., Asahara T., Nomoto K.: Detection of human intestinal catalase-negative, gram-positive cocci by rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010, 76, 5440–5451, doi: 10.1128/AEM.03132-09.KubotaH.TsujiH.MatsudaK.KurawaT.AsaharaT.NomotoK.: Detection of human intestinal catalase-negative, gram-positive cocci by rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol2010, 76, 5440–5451, 10.1128/AEM.03132-09.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kusuda R., Kawai K., Salati F., Banner C.R., Fryer J.: Enterococcus seriolicida sp. nov., a fish pathogen. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991, 41, 406–409, doi: 10.1099/00207713-41-3-406.KusudaR.KawaiK.SalatiF.BannerC.R.FryerJ.: Enterococcus seriolicida sp. nov., a fish pathogen. Int J Syst Bacteriol1991, 41, 406–409, 10.1099/00207713-41-3-406.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lin Y., Han J., Barkema H.W., Wang Y., Gao J., Kastelic J.P., Han B., Qin S., Deng Z.: Comparative genomic analyses of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from bovine mastitis in China. Microbiol Spectr 2023, 11, e02995-22, doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02995-22.LinY.HanJ.BarkemaH.W.WangY.GaoJ.KastelicJ.P.HanB.QinS.DengZ.: Comparative genomic analyses of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from bovine mastitis in China. Microbiol Spectr2023, 11, e02995-22, 10.1128/spectrum.02995-22.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Plumed-Ferrer C., Barberio A., Franklin-Guild R., Werner B., McDonough P., Bennett J., Gioia G., Rota N., Welcome F., Nydam D.V., Moroni P.: Antimicrobial susceptibilities and random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR fingerprint characterization of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis and Lactococcus garvieae isolated from bovine intramammary infections. J Dairy Sci 2015, 98, 6216–6225, doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-9579.Plumed-FerrerC.BarberioA.Franklin-GuildR.WernerB.McDonoughP.BennettJ.GioiaG.RotaN.WelcomeF.NydamD.V.MoroniP.: Antimicrobial susceptibilities and random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR fingerprint characterization of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis and Lactococcus garvieae isolated from bovine intramammary infections. J Dairy Sci2015, 98, 6216–6225, 10.3168/jds.2015-9579.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Reguera-Brito M., Galán-Sánchez F., Blanco M.M., Rodríguez-Iglesias M., Domínguez L., Fernández-Garayzábal J.F., Gibello A.: Genetic analysis of human clinical isolates of Lactococcus garvieae: relatedness with isolates from foods. Infect Genet Evol 2016, 37, 185–191, doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.11.017.Reguera-BritoM.Galán-SánchezF.BlancoM.M.Rodríguez-IglesiasM.DomínguezL.Fernández-GarayzábalJ.F.GibelloA.: Genetic analysis of human clinical isolates of Lactococcus garvieae: relatedness with isolates from foods. Infect Genet Evol2016, 37, 185–191, 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.11.017.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Rodrigues M.X., Lima S.F., Higgins C.H., Canniatti-Brazaca S.G., Bicalho R.C.: The Lactococcus genus as a potential emerging mastitis pathogen group: A report on an outbreak investigation. J Dairy Sci 2016, 99, 9864–9874, doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11143.RodriguesM.X.LimaS.F.HigginsC.H.Canniatti-BrazacaS.G.BicalhoR.C.: The Lactococcus genus as a potential emerging mastitis pathogen group: A report on an outbreak investigation. J Dairy Sci2016, 99, 9864–9874, 10.3168/jds.2016-11143.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Russo G., Iannetta M., D’Abramo A., Mascellino M.T., Pantosti A., Erario L., Tebano G., Oliva A., D'Agostino C.: Lactococcus garvieae endocarditis in a patient with colonic diverticulosis: first case report in Italy and review of the literature. New Microbiol 2012, 35, 495–501, PMID: 23109019.RussoG.IannettaM.D’AbramoA.MascellinoM.T.PantostiA.ErarioL.TebanoG.OlivaA.D'AgostinoC.: Lactococcus garvieae endocarditis in a patient with colonic diverticulosis: first case report in Italy and review of the literature. New Microbiol2012, 35, 495–501, PMID: 23109019.Search in Google Scholar
Schleifer K.H., Kraus J., Dvorak C., Kilpper-Bälz R., Collins M.D., Fischer W.: Transfer of Streptococcus lactis and related streptococci to the genus Lactococcus gen. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 1985, 6, 183–195, doi: 10.1016/S0723-2020(85)80052-780052-7.SchleiferK.H.KrausJ.DvorakC.Kilpper-BälzR.CollinsM.D.FischerW.: Transfer of Streptococcus lactis and related streptococci to the genus Lactococcus gen. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol1985, 6, 183–195, 10.1016/S0723-2020(85)80052-780052-7.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Scillieri Smith J.C., Moroni P., Santisteban C.G., Rauch B.J., Ospina P.A., Nydam D.V.: Distribution of Lactococcus spp. in New York State dairy farms and the association of somatic cell count resolution and bacteriological cure in clinical mastitis samples. J Dairy Sci 2020, 103, 1785–1794, doi: 10.3168/jds.Scillieri SmithJ.C.MoroniP.SantistebanC.G.RauchB.J.OspinaP.A.NydamD.V.: Distribution of Lactococcus spp. in New York State dairy farms and the association of somatic cell count resolution and bacteriological cure in clinical mastitis samples. J Dairy Sci2020, 103, 1785–1794, 10.3168/jds.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Suh Y., Kim M.J., Jung J.S., Chong Y.P., Kim C.H., Kang Y., Sohn J.W., Yoon K.Y.: A febrile multi-valve infective endocarditis caused by Lactococcus garvieae: a case report and literature review. Intern Med 2016, 55, 1011–1015, doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5935.SuhY.KimM.J.JungJ.S.ChongY.P.KimC.H.KangY.SohnJ.W.YoonK.Y.: A febrile multi-valve infective endocarditis caused by Lactococcus garvieae: a case report and literature review. Intern Med2016, 55, 1011–1015, 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5935.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Teixeira L.M., Merquior V.L., Vianni M.G., Carvalho S.E., Fracalanzza A.G., Steigerwalt A.G., Brenner D.J., Facklam R.R.: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of atypical Lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from water buffalos with subclinical mastitis and confirmation of L. garvieae as a senior subjective synonym of Enterococcus seriolicida. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1996, 46, 664–668, doi: 10.1099/00207713-46-3-664.TeixeiraL.M.MerquiorV.L.VianniM.G.CarvalhoS.E.FracalanzzaA.G.SteigerwaltA.G.BrennerD.J.FacklamR.R.: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of atypical Lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from water buffalos with subclinical mastitis and confirmation of L. garvieae as a senior subjective synonym of Enterococcus seriolicida. Int J Syst Bacteriol1996, 46, 664–668, 10.1099/00207713-46-3-664.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Tejedor J.L., Vela A.I., Gibello A., Casamayor A., Domínguez L., Fernández-Garayzábal J.F.: A genetic comparison of pig, cow, and trout isolates of Lactococcus garvieae by PFGE analysis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011, 53, 614–619, doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03153.x.TejedorJ.L.VelaA.I.GibelloA.CasamayorA.DomínguezL.Fernández-GarayzábalJ.F.: A genetic comparison of pig, cow, and trout isolates of Lactococcus garvieae by PFGE analysis. Lett Appl Microbiol2011, 53, 614–619, 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03153.x.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Varsha K.K., Nampoothiri K.M.: Description of Lactococcus garvieae subsp. garvieae and Lactococcus garvieae subsp. bovis subsp. nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from wild gaur (Bos gaurus) dung. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016, 66, 3805–3809, doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001268.VarshaK.K.NampoothiriK.M.: Description of Lactococcus garvieae subsp. garvieae and Lactococcus garvieae subsp. bovis subsp. nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from wild gaur (Bos gaurus) dung. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol2016, 66, 3805–3809, 10.1099/ijsem.0.001268.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Vela A.I., Vázquez J., Gibello A., Blanco M.M., Moreno M.A., Liébana P., Albendea C., Alcalá B., Méndez A., Domínguez L., Fernández-Garayzábal J.F.: Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Lactococcus garvieae isolated in Spain from lactococcosis outbreaks and comparison with isolates of other countries and sources. J Clin Microbiol 2000, 38, 3791–3795, doi: 10.1128/JCM.38.10.3791-3795.2000.VelaA.I.VázquezJ.GibelloA.BlancoM.M.MorenoM.A.LiébanaP.AlbendeaC.AlcaláB.MéndezA.DomínguezL.Fernández-GarayzábalJ.F.: Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Lactococcus garvieae isolated in Spain from lactococcosis outbreaks and comparison with isolates of other countries and sources. J Clin Microbiol2000, 38, 3791–3795, 10.1128/JCM.38.10.3791-3795.2000.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Vendrell D., Balcázar J.L., Ruiz-Zarzuela I., de Blas I., Gironés O., Múzquiz J.L.: Lactococcus garvieae in fish: a review. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2006, 29, 177–198, doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2006.03.003.VendrellD.BalcázarJ.L.Ruiz-ZarzuelaI.de BlasI.GironésO.MúzquizJ.L.: Lactococcus garvieae in fish: a review. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis2006, 29, 177–198, 10.1016/j.cimid.2006.03.003.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar