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Molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolutionary relationships of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of different avian origins in Qingdao, China, using whole-genome sequencing

Zhen Xiao
Zhen Xiao
, 
Zhina Qu
Zhina Qu
, 
Na Liu
Na Liu
, 
Juan Wang
Juan Wang
, 
Jianmei Zhao
Jianmei Zhao
, 
Junhui Liu
Junhui Liu
, 
Lin Wang
Lin Wang
, 
Xiumei Huang
Xiumei Huang
, 
Qingqing Zhang
Qingqing Zhang
, 
Yubin Gao
Yubin Gao
, 
Junwei Wang
Junwei Wang
, 
Zhiyong Yu
Zhiyong Yu
, 
Jiajia Guan
Jiajia Guan
 oraz 
Huanqi Liu
Huanqi Liu
   | 16 cze 2023
Journal of Veterinary Research's Cover Image
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Data publikacji: 16 cze 2023
Zakres stron: 169 - 177
Otrzymano: 02 lis 2022
Przyjęty: 12 cze 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0035
Słowa kluczowe
© 2023 Zhen Xiao et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

Evolutionary tree of the core genome of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 30) from different avian sources. From the outside to the inside, the order is ST type (light purple is ST9, green is ST398), spa type (yellow is t899, pink is t034 and dark grey is t1250), number of drug resistance genes, number of virulence genes, quantity, and source (red is from broilers, yellow is from layers and blue is from waterfowl)
Evolutionary tree of the core genome of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 30) from different avian sources. From the outside to the inside, the order is ST type (light purple is ST9, green is ST398), spa type (yellow is t899, pink is t034 and dark grey is t1250), number of drug resistance genes, number of virulence genes, quantity, and source (red is from broilers, yellow is from layers and blue is from waterfowl)

Fig. 2.

Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism locus difference analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from: a – broiler sources; b – egg sources; c – waterfowl sources. Darker colour indicates more differential loci. SABQ – Staphylococcus aureus isolated from broilers; SAEQ – Staphylococcus aureus isolated from egg-layers; SAWQ – Staphylococcus aureus isolated from waterfowl
Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism locus difference analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from: a – broiler sources; b – egg sources; c – waterfowl sources. Darker colour indicates more differential loci. SABQ – Staphylococcus aureus isolated from broilers; SAEQ – Staphylococcus aureus isolated from egg-layers; SAWQ – Staphylococcus aureus isolated from waterfowl

Fig. 3.

Carriage rate (a) and number (b) of drug resistance genes in 30 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of different avian sources. EQ – layer source; WQ – waterfowl source; BQ – broiler source. Intensity of red in the left part of the figure represents carriage and 0.00–1.00 equates to 0–100% carriage
Carriage rate (a) and number (b) of drug resistance genes in 30 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of different avian sources. EQ – layer source; WQ – waterfowl source; BQ – broiler source. Intensity of red in the left part of the figure represents carriage and 0.00–1.00 equates to 0–100% carriage

Fig. 4.

Types and numbers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes of different avian origins
Types and numbers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes of different avian origins

Fig. 5.

Carriage rate (a) and number (b) of partial virulence genes in 30 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from different avian sources. EQ –layer source; WQ – waterfowl source; BQ – broiler source. Intensity of blue in the left part of the figure represents carriage and 0.00–1.00 equates to 0–100% carriage
Carriage rate (a) and number (b) of partial virulence genes in 30 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from different avian sources. EQ –layer source; WQ – waterfowl source; BQ – broiler source. Intensity of blue in the left part of the figure represents carriage and 0.00–1.00 equates to 0–100% carriage

Fig. 6.

Plasmid carriage of 30 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from different poultry sources. EQ – layer source; WQ – waterfowl source and BQ – broiler source. Intensity of green represents carriage and 0.00–1.00 equates to 0–100% carriage
Plasmid carriage of 30 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from different poultry sources. EQ – layer source; WQ – waterfowl source and BQ – broiler source. Intensity of green represents carriage and 0.00–1.00 equates to 0–100% carriage

Resistance rates of 102 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains of different avian origins to 18 antimicrobials

Drug Class Antibacterial drugs MRSA (n = 102) P-value Overall drug resistance rate
Layers Broilers Waterfowl
Penicillin PEN 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
OXA 97.10% 97.80% 95.50% 0.87 (ns) 97.06%
Quinolones ENR 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
OFL 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
Cephalosporins CFX 97.10% 97.80% 95.50% 0.87 (ns) 97.06%
FOX 100% 97.80% 100% 0.53 (ns) 99.02%
Sulfonamides SF 28.60% 4.40% 13.60% 0.01** 14.71%
SXT 20.00% 24.40% 13.60% 0.59 (ns) 19.33%
Macrolides ERY 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
TIL 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
β-lactamase inhibitor class A/C 77.10% 95.60% 68.20% 0.009** 77.45%
Lincosamides CLI 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
Glycopeptides VAN 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% ns 0.00%
Tetracycline DOX 2.80% 11.11% 0% 0.18 (ns) 4.63%
Amide alcohols FFC 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
Pleuromutilin TIA 100% 100% 77.30% <0.001*** 95.10%
Aminoglycosides GEN 100% 100% 90.90% 0.04* 98.04%
Azolidinones LZD 2.80% 2.20% 0.00% 0.74 (ns) 1.96%

Multi-locus sequence, staphylococcal protein A and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing results of 102 different avian-derived methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (number of strains/percentage %)

Type ST9-t899 (n = 97) ST9-t1939 (n = 2) ST398-t034 (n = 2) ST398-t1250 (n = 1)
SCCmec III SCCmec IVb Not typed SCCmec IVb SCCmec III SCCmec V SCCmec III
Layers 10 (9.80) 22 (21.57) 2 (0.98) 0 0 0 0
Broilers 5 (4.90) 37 (36.27) 0 2 (1.96) 0 0 1 (0.98)
Waterfowl 3 (2.94) 13 (12.75) 5 (4.90) 0 1 (0.98) 1 (0.98) 0
Total 17.65% 70.59% 6.86% 1.96% 0.98% 0.98% 0.98%
eISSN:
2450-8608
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, other, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine
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