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Molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolutionary relationships of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of different avian origins in Qingdao, China, using whole-genome sequencing

Zhen Xiao

Zhen Xiao

  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao, China
  • China Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao, China
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Xiao, Zhen
, 
Zhina Qu

Zhina Qu

China Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao, China
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Qu, Zhina
, 
Na Liu

Na Liu

China Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao, China
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Liu, Na
, 
Juan Wang

Juan Wang

China Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao, China
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Wang, Juan
, 
Jianmei Zhao

Jianmei Zhao

China Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao, China
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Zhao, Jianmei
, 
Junhui Liu

Junhui Liu

China Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao, China
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Liu, Junhui
, 
Lin Wang

Lin Wang

China Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao, China
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Wang, Lin
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Xiumei Huang

Xiumei Huang

China Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao, China
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Huang, Xiumei
, 
Qingqing Zhang

Qingqing Zhang

China Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao, China
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Zhang, Qingqing
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Yubin Gao

Yubin Gao

China Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao, China
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Gao, Yubin
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Junwei Wang

Junwei Wang

China Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao, China
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Wang, Junwei
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Zhiyong Yu

Zhiyong Yu

College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao, China
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Yu, Zhiyong
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Jiajia Guan

Jiajia Guan

College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao, China
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Guan, Jiajia
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Huanqi Liu

Huanqi Liu

College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao, China
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Liu, Huanqi
  
16 giu 2023
Molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolutionary relationships of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of different avian origins in Qingdao, China, using whole-genome sequencing's Cover Image
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Pubblicato online: 16 giu 2023
Pagine: 169 - 177
Ricevuto: 02 nov 2022
Accettato: 12 giu 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0035
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© 2023 Zhen Xiao et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

Evolutionary tree of the core genome of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 30) from different avian sources. From the outside to the inside, the order is ST type (light purple is ST9, green is ST398), spa type (yellow is t899, pink is t034 and dark grey is t1250), number of drug resistance genes, number of virulence genes, quantity, and source (red is from broilers, yellow is from layers and blue is from waterfowl)
Evolutionary tree of the core genome of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 30) from different avian sources. From the outside to the inside, the order is ST type (light purple is ST9, green is ST398), spa type (yellow is t899, pink is t034 and dark grey is t1250), number of drug resistance genes, number of virulence genes, quantity, and source (red is from broilers, yellow is from layers and blue is from waterfowl)

Fig. 2.

Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism locus difference analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from: a – broiler sources; b – egg sources; c – waterfowl sources. Darker colour indicates more differential loci. SABQ – Staphylococcus aureus isolated from broilers; SAEQ – Staphylococcus aureus isolated from egg-layers; SAWQ – Staphylococcus aureus isolated from waterfowl
Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism locus difference analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from: a – broiler sources; b – egg sources; c – waterfowl sources. Darker colour indicates more differential loci. SABQ – Staphylococcus aureus isolated from broilers; SAEQ – Staphylococcus aureus isolated from egg-layers; SAWQ – Staphylococcus aureus isolated from waterfowl

Fig. 3.

Carriage rate (a) and number (b) of drug resistance genes in 30 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of different avian sources. EQ – layer source; WQ – waterfowl source; BQ – broiler source. Intensity of red in the left part of the figure represents carriage and 0.00–1.00 equates to 0–100% carriage
Carriage rate (a) and number (b) of drug resistance genes in 30 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of different avian sources. EQ – layer source; WQ – waterfowl source; BQ – broiler source. Intensity of red in the left part of the figure represents carriage and 0.00–1.00 equates to 0–100% carriage

Fig. 4.

Types and numbers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes of different avian origins
Types and numbers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes of different avian origins

Fig. 5.

Carriage rate (a) and number (b) of partial virulence genes in 30 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from different avian sources. EQ –layer source; WQ – waterfowl source; BQ – broiler source. Intensity of blue in the left part of the figure represents carriage and 0.00–1.00 equates to 0–100% carriage
Carriage rate (a) and number (b) of partial virulence genes in 30 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from different avian sources. EQ –layer source; WQ – waterfowl source; BQ – broiler source. Intensity of blue in the left part of the figure represents carriage and 0.00–1.00 equates to 0–100% carriage

Fig. 6.

Plasmid carriage of 30 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from different poultry sources. EQ – layer source; WQ – waterfowl source and BQ – broiler source. Intensity of green represents carriage and 0.00–1.00 equates to 0–100% carriage
Plasmid carriage of 30 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from different poultry sources. EQ – layer source; WQ – waterfowl source and BQ – broiler source. Intensity of green represents carriage and 0.00–1.00 equates to 0–100% carriage

Resistance rates of 102 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains of different avian origins to 18 antimicrobials

Drug Class Antibacterial drugs MRSA (n = 102) P-value Overall drug resistance rate
Layers Broilers Waterfowl
Penicillin PEN 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
OXA 97.10% 97.80% 95.50% 0.87 (ns) 97.06%
Quinolones ENR 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
OFL 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
Cephalosporins CFX 97.10% 97.80% 95.50% 0.87 (ns) 97.06%
FOX 100% 97.80% 100% 0.53 (ns) 99.02%
Sulfonamides SF 28.60% 4.40% 13.60% 0.01** 14.71%
SXT 20.00% 24.40% 13.60% 0.59 (ns) 19.33%
Macrolides ERY 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
TIL 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
β-lactamase inhibitor class A/C 77.10% 95.60% 68.20% 0.009** 77.45%
Lincosamides CLI 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
Glycopeptides VAN 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% ns 0.00%
Tetracycline DOX 2.80% 11.11% 0% 0.18 (ns) 4.63%
Amide alcohols FFC 100% 100% 100% ns 100%
Pleuromutilin TIA 100% 100% 77.30% <0.001*** 95.10%
Aminoglycosides GEN 100% 100% 90.90% 0.04* 98.04%
Azolidinones LZD 2.80% 2.20% 0.00% 0.74 (ns) 1.96%

Multi-locus sequence, staphylococcal protein A and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing results of 102 different avian-derived methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (number of strains/percentage %)

Type ST9-t899 (n = 97) ST9-t1939 (n = 2) ST398-t034 (n = 2) ST398-t1250 (n = 1)
SCCmec III SCCmec IVb Not typed SCCmec IVb SCCmec III SCCmec V SCCmec III
Layers 10 (9.80) 22 (21.57) 2 (0.98) 0 0 0 0
Broilers 5 (4.90) 37 (36.27) 0 2 (1.96) 0 0 1 (0.98)
Waterfowl 3 (2.94) 13 (12.75) 5 (4.90) 0 1 (0.98) 1 (0.98) 0
Total 17.65% 70.59% 6.86% 1.96% 0.98% 0.98% 0.98%
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Scienze biologiche, Biologia molecolare, Microbiologia e virologia, Scienze della vita, altro, Medicina, Medicina veterinaria
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