<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0002_s_005">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Trypanosomosis is an important disease of dromedary camels caused by the pathogenic protozoan <italic>Trypanosoma evansi</italic>. This study aimed to compare three different tests for its diagnosis in this species: conventional microscopy, the card agglutination test for trypanosomosis/<italic>T. evansi</italic> (CATT/<italic>T. evansi</italic>) and real-time PCR.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0002_s_006">
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>Whole blood and serum samples collected from 77 dromedary camels of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, were analysed with the test methods stated. Statistical analysis was done using McNemar’s chi-squared test, and Cohen’s kappa index (κ) was calculated.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0002_s_007">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>We obtained results with positivity of 18% (14/77) by microscopy, 22% by CATT (17/77) and 60% (46/77) by real-time PCR, with the chain reaction detecting at a respectively three- and two-fold greater rate than the other techniques. Analysis of the data revealed a relative sensitivity of 30.4% and 37.0% for microscopy and CATT, respectively, compared to real-time PCR. The difference between the real-time PCR’s sensitivity and those of the other methods was statistically significant, with X<sup>2</sup> values of 30.03 and 20.1, respectively (df = 1 and P = 0.05 in both cases). Agreement of microscopy results with those of with CATT was good (κ = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.62–0.82). Cohen’s kappa index showed fair agreement of real-time PCR with microscopy (κ = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.16–0.36) whereas it was in poor agreement with CATT (κ = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.02–0.15).</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0002_s_008">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Real-time PCR was found to be more sensitive than microscopy and CATT.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Trypanosomosis is an important disease of dromedary camels caused by the pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma evansi. This study aimed to compare three different tests for its diagnosis in this species: conventional microscopy, the card agglutination test for trypanosomosis/T. evansi (CATT/T. evansi) and real-time PCR.


Material and Methods
Whole blood and serum samples collected from 77 dromedary camels of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, were analysed with the test methods stated. Statistical analysis was done using McNemar’s chi-squared test, and Cohen’s kappa index (κ) was calculated.

Results
We obtained results with positivity of 18% (14/77) by microscopy, 22% by CATT (17/77) and 60% (46/77) by real-time PCR, with the chain reaction detecting at a respectively three- and two-fold greater rate than the other techniques. Analysis of the data revealed a relative sensitivity of 30.4% and 37.0% for microscopy and CATT, respectively, compared to real-time PCR. The difference between the real-time PCR’s sensitivity and those of the other methods was statistically significant, with X2 values of 30.03 and 20.1, respectively (df = 1 and P = 0.05 in both cases). Agreement of microscopy results with those of with CATT was good (κ = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.62–0.82). Cohen’s kappa index showed fair agreement of real-time PCR with microscopy (κ = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.16–0.36) whereas it was in poor agreement with CATT (κ = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.02–0.15).

Conclusion
Real-time PCR was found to be more sensitive than microscopy and CATT.

Comparison of microscopy, card agglutination test for <italic>Trypanosoma evansi</italic>, and real-time PCR in the diagnosis of trypanosomosis in dromedary camels of the Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Comparison of microscopy, card agglutination test for , and real-time PCR in the diagnosis of trypanosomosis in dromedary camels of the Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE

Introduction
Trypanosomosis is an important disease of dromedary camels caused by the pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma evansi. This study aimed to compare...

Method	Overall prevalence^a	Sensitivity^b	PPV^b	NPV^b	Kappa^c
Microscopy	14/77 (18%)	30.4 (17.1–43.7)	100 (100)	49.2 (38.0–60.4)	0.26 (0.16–0.36)
CATT	17/77 (22%)	37.0 (23.0–50.9)	100 (100)	51.6 (40.5–62.8)	0.09 (0.02–0.15)
Real-time PCR	46/77 (60%)

Real-time PCR	Microscopy		Total
Real-time PCR	Positive	Negative	Total
Positive	14	32	46
Negative	0	31	31
Total	14	63	77

Real-time PCR	CATT		Total
Real-time PCR	Positive	Negative	Total
Positive	12	34	46
Negative	5	26	31
Total	17	60	77

Comparison of microscopy, card agglutination test for Trypanosoma evansi, and real-time PCR in the diagnosis of trypanosomosis in dromedary camels of the Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE

Data publikacji: 25 mar 2022

Zakres stron: 125 - 129

Otrzymano: 01 lip 2021

Przyjęty: 03 sty 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0002

Słowa kluczowe
trypanosomosis, dromedary camels, diagnosis, microscopy, real-time PCR

© 2022 S. Habeeba et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Prevalence of infection, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and Cohen’s kappa index (Kappa) (real-time PCR was taken as the reference standard)

Comparison of microscopy and real-time PCR using McNemar’s chi-squared test

Comparison of CATT and real-time PCR using McNemar’s chi-squared test

Comparison of microscopy, card agglutination test for Trypanosoma evansi, and real-time PCR in the diagnosis of trypanosomosis in dromedary camels of the Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE

Data publikacji: 25 mar 2022

Zakres stron: 125 - 129

Otrzymano: 01 lip 2021

Przyjęty: 03 sty 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0002

Słowa kluczowetrypanosomosis, dromedary camels, diagnosis, microscopy, real-time PCR

© 2022 S. Habeeba et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Prevalence of infection, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and Cohen’s kappa index (Kappa) (real-time PCR was taken as the reference standard)

Comparison of microscopy and real-time PCR using McNemar’s chi-squared test

Comparison of CATT and real-time PCR using McNemar’s chi-squared test

Słowa kluczowe
trypanosomosis, dromedary camels, diagnosis, microscopy, real-time PCR