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Phenotypic diversity and potential virulence factors of the Shewanella putrefaciens group isolated from freshwater fish

Ewa Paździor
Ewa Paździor
, 
Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska
Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska
 oraz 
Dariusz Wasyl
Dariusz Wasyl
   | 13 wrz 2019
Journal of Veterinary Research's Cover Image
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Data publikacji: 13 wrz 2019
Zakres stron: 321 - 332
Otrzymano: 07 mar 2019
Przyjęty: 30 lip 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0046
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© 2019 E. Paździor et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Adhesion ability of S. putrefaciens group to different fish cell lines The average number of adherent bacteria (CFU) from two repetitions is shown. The standard errors of means were less than 10% of mean values in each case. Cell lines used: EPC – epithelioma papulosum cyprini, BF-2 – bluegill fry, CHSE – chinook salmon embryo, RTG-2 – rainbow trout gonad
Adhesion ability of S. putrefaciens group to different fish cell lines The average number of adherent bacteria (CFU) from two repetitions is shown. The standard errors of means were less than 10% of mean values in each case. Cell lines used: EPC – epithelioma papulosum cyprini, BF-2 – bluegill fry, CHSE – chinook salmon embryo, RTG-2 – rainbow trout gonad

Fig. 2

Ulcers on the skin in common carp
Ulcers on the skin in common carp

Fig. 3

Congestion of internal organs in common carp
Congestion of internal organs in common carp

Fig. 4

Exophthalmia, lesions on gill cover (A) and pale liver (B) in rainbow trout
Exophthalmia, lesions on gill cover (A) and pale liver (B) in rainbow trout

Biochemical properties and growth condition of S. putrefaciens group isolates (n = 44) and reference strains

S. putrefaciens isolates
Biochemical properties S. xiamenensis (n = 9) S. oneidensis (n = 4) S. putrefaciens (n = 25) Shewanella sp. (n = 6) ATCC BAA-1097 ATCC 8071 ATCC 8073 ATCC 700550 JCM 16212T
Ornithine decarboxylase 6 1 14 5 - - − + +
Citrate utilisation 2 0 4 2 +w +w − + +
Acid from arabinose 9 0 3 1 + + + − +
Aesculin hydrolysis 9 4 23 6 +w +w + + +
Assimilation:
Glucose 8 2 12 0 ̶ − + − +
Arabinose 9 0 8 1 − + + − +
Potassium gluconate 0 0 18 1 − − − − −
Capric acid 7 1 16 0 + + − − +
Malic acid 9 4 25 5 + + − − +
Growth condition NaCl range (%)
0.0–2.0 9 4 25 6 + + + + +
3.0 9 3 25 5 + + + + +
4.0 5 0 25 1 + + +w + +
5.0 3 0 24 1 +w − +w +w +w
6.0 0 0 0 0 − − − − −

Matrix showing homologous titres for serological variant definition (upper part) and Shewanella distribution in defined variants (lower part)

Antisera*
Titre S-K604 S-K575 S-St5 S-St16 S-K530 S-ATCC BAA 1097 S-K696 S-KK3 S-Am6 S-TIII S-ATCC 8071 S-Sh1 S-K678 S-St8
antigens A-K604 2,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A-K575 40 2,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A-St5 0 0 2,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A-St16 0 0 0 2,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A-K530 0 0 0 0 2,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A- ATCC BAA 1097 0 0 0 0 0 2,560 0 0 0 0 0 160 0 0
A-K696 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,280 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A-KK3 0 0 0 0 0 160 0 1,280 0 0 0 0 0 0
A-Am6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,280 0 0 0 0 0
A-TIII 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,280 0 0 0 0
A-ATCC 8071 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,280 0 0 0
A-Sh1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 640 0 0
A-K678 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 0
A-St8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 160
Variant I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV
isolates ID K604 ATCC 8073 Tsk20 K575 E9, Tp5 K313 K677 St5 W24 W28 St16 K530 ATCC BAA 1097 K696 Jes1 K733 K736 KK3 St15 Pt400 Plo1 Am6 Jes15 TIII E6 E3 Jaz4 ATCC 8071 Sh1 KOI2 Sh4 K678 St8
n** 3 5 3 1 1 1 4 4 2 4 1 3 1 1
% 6% 11% 6% 2% 2% 2% 9% 9% 4% 9% 2% 6% 2% 2%

Distribution of inhibition zone diameter values of different antimicrobial agents for the Shewanella isolates (n = 44)

Inhibition zone diameter (mm)
Antimicrobial (concentration) Bacteria species 7 11 14 30
6 - - - 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 - >35 Criteria* %NWT
Shewanella 10 13 16 35
sulphonamides (300μg) putrefaciens (n = 25) 24 1 n.a. n.d.
xiamenensis (n = 9) 9 n.d.
oneidensis (n = 4) 4 n.d.
sp.** (n = 6) 6 n.d.
sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (23.75/1.25μg) putrefaciens (n = 25) 1 2 3 1 5 3 2 4 4 NWT≤19 mm 4
xiamenensis (n = 9) 3 1 2 1 1 1 33
oneidensis (n = 4) 1 1 1 1 0
sp.** (n = 6) 1 1 1 1 2 0
oxolic acid (2μg) putrefaciens (n = 25) 2 3 5 1 1 7 3 1 2 NWT ≤29 mm 100
xiamenensis (n = 9) 6 1 1 1 100
oneidensis (n = 4) 1 1 1 1 75
sp.** (n = 6) 1 1 4 33
flumequine (30μg) putrefaciens (n = 25) 1 1 1 5 16 1 n.a. n.d.
xiamenensis (n = 9) 5 1 1 1 1 n.d.
oneidensis (n = 4) 1 3 n.d.
sp.** (n = 6) 1 4 1 n.d.
enrofloxacin (5μg) putrefaciens (n = 25) 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 12 1 n.a. n.d.
xiamenensis (n = 9) 3 2 1 3 n.d.
oneidensis (n = 4) 1 3 n.d.
sp.** (n = 6) 1 5 n.d.
norfloxacine (10μg) putrefaciens (n = 25) 2 3 3 1 3 2 1 3 7 n.a. n.d.
xiamenensis (n = 9) 4 1 1 1 2 n.d.
oneidensis (n = 4) 1 1 1 1 n.d.
sp.** (n = 6) 1 1 4 n.d.
oxytetracycline (30μg) putrefaciens (n = 25) 1 1 4 1 7 4 4 1 2 NWT ≤27 mm 100
xiamenensis (n = 9) 6 2 1 100
oneidensis (n = 4) 2 1 1 100
sp.** (n = 6) 1 1 2 1 1 100
doxycycline (30μg) putrefaciens (n = 25) 2 2 6 3 2 2 1 1 5 1 n.a. n.d.
xiamenensis (n = 9) 2 1 5 1 n.d.
oneidensis (n = 4) 1 1 1 1 n.d.
sp.** (n = 6) 1 1 1 1 1 1 n.d.
florphenicol (30μg) putrefaciens (n = 25) 5 16 4 NWT ≤26 mm 0
xiamenensis (n = 9) 8 1 0
oneidensis (n = 4) 4 0
sp.** (n = 6) 2 1 3 0

S. putrefaciens group isolates collected from freshwater fish

Molecular identification Symbol of isolate APINE profile Fish species Symptoms of diseases/mortality
S. xiamenensis K736 1451354 Common carp Yes/Yes
S. xiamenensis K733 Common carp No/Yes
S. xiamenensis KK3 Koi carp Yes/Yes
S. xiamenensis KOI2 Koi carp Yes/Yes
S. xiamenensis W24 European eel Yes/Yes
S. xiamenensis W28 European eel Yes/Yes
Shewanella sp. Jes15 Siberian sturgeon No/No
S. xiamenensis St16 Slender krib Yes/Yes
S. xiamenensis St8 Slender krib Yes/Yes
Shewanella sp. Am6 Grass carp No/No
S. putrefaciens K677 1410344 Common carp No/No
S. putrefaciens K678 Common carp No/No
Shewanella sp. K769 Common carp Yes/No
S. oneidensis Pt400 Rainbow trout nd/Yes
S. putrefaciens Pt411 Rainbow trout Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens K313 1450754 Common carp Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens K530 Common carp Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens K604 Common carp Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens K679 Common carp No/No
S. putrefaciens K680 Common carp No/No
Shewanella sp. K575 1450744 Common carp Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens GIII41(3) Brown trout Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens St4 Rainbow trout Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens Tp5 1410354 Silver carp Yes/Yes
S. oneidensis Plo1 Common roach No/No
S. oneidensis Jes34 Siberian sturgeon No/No
S. putrefaciens Tsk20 1410754 Brown trout Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens St5 European whitefish Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens E6 Rainbow trout No/No
S. putrefaciens Sh1 1411754 Common carp Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens Sh2 Common carp Yes/Yes
Shewanella sp. Jes1 1451754 Siberian sturgeon No/No
S. putrefaciens Sh4 Common carp Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens Jaz4 Ide No/No
S. putrefaciens TIII 1411744 Brown trout Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens K869 Common carp Yes/Yes
S. oneidensis K696 1450344 Common carp Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens E9 1010344 Rainbow trout No/No
S. putrefaciens E3 1011754 Rainbow trout No/No
S. xiamenensis 16/c/29 1051344 Zebrafish Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens W9 1400354 European eel Yes/Yes
Shewanella sp. St15 1411344 Slender krib Yes/Yes
S. putrefaciens K751 1450354 Common carp No/No
S. putrefaciens GIII46(3) 1451344 Brown trout Yes/Yes
eISSN:
2450-8608
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, other, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine
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