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Hot Water Tuber Treatments for Management of Meloidogyne arenaria in Caladium Cultivars

Mengyi Gu
Mengyi Gu
, 
Robert D. Hartman
Robert D. Hartman
 oraz 
Johan A. Desaeger
Johan A. Desaeger
   | 15 cze 2022
Journal of Nematology's Cover Image
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Article Category: Research Paper
Data publikacji: 15 cze 2022
Zakres stron: -
Otrzymano: 05 gru 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0016
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© 2022 Gu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Aboveground symptoms of the two caladium cultivars SWT and PJR, each with three tuber sizes “#3” (small), “#1” (medium), and “Jumbo” (large), at the end of the experiment. Within the same tuber size, 30-min and 45-min hot water treated caladium tubers had more shoots when compared to the control. PJR, Postman Joyner; SWT, Florida Sweetheart PP 8526.
Aboveground symptoms of the two caladium cultivars SWT and PJR, each with three tuber sizes “#3” (small), “#1” (medium), and “Jumbo” (large), at the end of the experiment. Within the same tuber size, 30-min and 45-min hot water treated caladium tubers had more shoots when compared to the control. PJR, Postman Joyner; SWT, Florida Sweetheart PP 8526.

Figure 2

The appearances of the two caladium cultivars SWT and PJR. Cultivar PJR grows taller and has bigger leaves than cultivar SWT. PJR, Postman Joyner; SWT, Florida Sweetheart PP 8526.
The appearances of the two caladium cultivars SWT and PJR. Cultivar PJR grows taller and has bigger leaves than cultivar SWT. PJR, Postman Joyner; SWT, Florida Sweetheart PP 8526.

An ANOVA summary table. Effects of hot water exposure time, caladium cultivar, and tuber size on caladium growth parameters.

Factor Fresh shoot weight† (g) Dry shoot weight† (g) Fresh root weight† (g) Dry root weight† (g) Plant height† (cm)
DF F P-value DF F P-value DF F P-value DF F P-value DF F P-value
Exposure time 2 19.62 <0.01 2 8.03 <0.01 2 18.46 <0.01 2 6.07 <0.01 2 0.58 0.56
Cultivar 1 9.75 <0.01 1 29.47 <0.01 1 0.03 0.87 1 5.37 0.02 1 389.94 <0.01
Tuber size 2 275.65 <0.01 2 181.33 <0.01 2 13.83 <0.01 2 32.07 <0.01 2 12.28 <0.01
Exposure time × Cultivar 2 1.86 0.16 2 0.94 0.39 2 6.08 <0.01 2 6.98 <0.01 2 6.50 <0.01
Exposure time x Tuber size 4 0.87 0.49 4 0.49 0.75 4 0.87 0.48 4 0.47 0.76 4 1.16 0.33
Cultivar × Tuber size 2 4.63 0.01 2 4.57 0.01 2 2.12 0.12 2 3.34 0.04 2 1.06 0.35
Exposure time x Cultivar × Tuber size 4 1.73 0.15 4 1.83 0.13 4 0.88 0.48 4 0.56 0.69 4 1.21 0.31

Effects of factor combinations (hot water exposure time, caladium cultivar, and tuber size) on reproduction of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) on caladium.

Cultivar Exposure time @ 50°C (min) Tuber size Gall index (0–10) Eggs per fresh root system‡ Eggs per gram fresh root‡ Eggs per gram dry root‡ Number of J2 per 200 cc soil‡
PJR 45 #3 0.0 c† 0 e 0 c 0 f 23 b
#1 0.2 c 30 de 2 c 37 ef 23 b
Jumbo 0.2 c 30 de 2 c 37 def 0 b
30 #3 0.0 c 30 de 3 c 96 def 0 b
#1 0.0 c 90 de 6 c 105 def 0 b
Jumbo 0.0 c 270 de 16 c 351 def 35 b
0 #3 4.2 b 218,325 ab 18,008 a 526,917 a 28,500 a
#1 5.5 ab 297,060 a 15,950 a 336,192 ab 40,486 a
Jumbo 7.5 a 441,465 a 24,584 a 465,989 a 18,169 a
SWT 45 #3 0.7 c 47,265 de 3,418 bc 128,769 def 1,563 b
#1 0.0 c 0 e 0 c 0 f 0 b
Jumbo 0.0 c 270 de 13 c 364 def 0 b
30 #3 0.9 c 78,855 cd 6,418 bc 201,141 cd 2,218 b
#1 0.7 c 37,320 bc 1,977 b 53,004 bc 3,838 b
Jumbo 0.9 c 75,840 cd 2,725 bc 49,099 cde 7,010 b
0 #3 5.6 ab 275,415 a 22,800 a 731,665 a 11,940 a
#1 5.0 b 245,490 ab 19,077 a 497,953 ab 15,698 a
Jumbo 5.1 b 343,875 a 21,171 a 517,797 a 23,823 a

Effects of factor combinations (hot water exposure time, caladium cultivar, and tuber size) on caladium growth parameters.

Cultivar Exposure time @ 50°C (min) Tuber size Fresh shoot weight (g) Dry shoot weight (g) Fresh root weight (g) Dry root weight (g) Plant height (cm)
PJR 45 #3 89.8 ghij† 6.4 fghij 15.5 bc 0.59 abc 34.4 b
#1 121.0 efg 8.0 defg 20.2 ab 0.93 ab 34.3 b
Jumbo 184.2 ab 11.7 ab 20.9 ab 0.90 ab 36.3 ab
30 #3 74.7 ij 5.4 hij 13.85 bc 0.5 bc 33.8 b
#1 131.0 def 9.3 bcde 14.8 bc 0.75 abc 36.0 ab
Jumbo 197.1 a 13.1 a 17.1 abc 0.85 ab 39.8 a
0 #3 67.8 j 5.1 ij 13.1 bc 0.52 bc 34.2 b
#1 106.5 fghi 8.1 defg 18.3 abc 0.93 ab 37.7 ab
Jumbo 154.7 bcd 11.3 abc 15.3 bc 0.88 ab 37.4 ab
SWT 45 #3 84.0 hij 5.2 ij 15.6 bc 0.50 bc 27.5 c
#1 126.9 def 7.9 efgh 21.4 ab 0.84 ab 27.6 c
Jumbo 169.3 abc 10.5 bcd 24.0 a 1.02 a 28.4 c
30 #3 80.7 hij 5.7 ghij 15.4 bc 0.54 bc 25.1 c
#1 111.8 efgh 7.6 efghi 17.4 abc 0.69 abc 25.7 c
Jumbo 155.2 bcd 10.0 bcde 20.8 ab 1.00 a 27.4 c
0 #3 67.9 j 4.4 j 10.1 c 0.33 c 23.9 c
#1 99.3 fghij 6.7 fghij 10.0 c 0.39 c 24.3 c
Jumbo 143.5 cde 8.9 cdef 15.5 bc 0.69 abc 27.3 c

An ANOVA summary table. Effects of hot water exposure time, caladium cultivar, and tuber size on tuber infection and reproduction of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria).

Factor Gall indexa Eggs per Eggs per Eggs per Number of J2
(0–10) fresh root systema gram fresh roota gram dry roota per 200 cc soila
DF F P-value DF F P-value DF F P-value DF F P-value DF F P-value
Exposure time 2 247.12 <0.01 2 242.76 <0.01 2 304.14 <0.01 2 260.12 <0.01 2 274.5 <0.01
Cultivar 1 0.43 0.51 1 11.07 <0.01 1 13.10 <0.01 1 13.67 <0.01 1 4.20 0.04
Tuber size 2 1.35 0.26 2 0.27 0.77 2 0.06 0.94 2 0.00 1.00 2 0.21 0.81
Exposure time × Cultivar 2 3.07 0.05 2 8.81 <0.01 2 6.83 <0.01 2 7.99 <0.01 2 5.61 <0.01
Exposure time x Tuber size 4 1.87 0.12 4 1.33 0.26 4 1.02 0.40 4 1.37 0.25 4 1.33 0.26
Cultivar × Tuber size 2 4.33 0.01 2 0.59 0.55 2 0.58 0.56 2 0.67 0.52 2 0.13 0.88
Exposure time x Cultivar × Tuber size 4 2.30 0.06 4 0.71 0.59 4 0.46 0.76 4 0.66 0.62 4 0.32 0.86
eISSN:
2640-396X
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
Volume Open
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Life Sciences, other
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