What Do We Know about Flozins: New, Pleiotropic Drugs

Civilization diseases affect more and more people globally. As a World Health Organization reports in 2016 more than 1.9 billion of adults were overweight and excess body mass is the leading risk factor for developing diabetes affecting approximately 422 million people worldwide (90% is DM2). It has seemed that the link between obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular complications is a low-grade chronic inflammation that is observed in all tissues involved in energy homeostasis and is characterized by the activation of pro-inflammatory macrophages so-called M1. The increasing number of patients suffering from diabetes has challenged scientists to develop more and more powerful and pleiotropic antidiabetic drugs, which apart from better glycemia control will be able to decrease the total cardiovascular risk (a leading cause of death in diabetic patients). SGLT-2 inhibitors seem to show pleiotropic effects – cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and anti-inflammatory one.