SOFA |
PiO2/FiO2: (mmHg) <400 = 1 point, <300 = 2 points, <200 = 3 points, <100 = 4 points |
Score | Mortality |
Serum Creatinine: (mg/dl) 1.2–1.9 = 1 point, 2.0–3.4 = 2 points, 3.5–4.9 = 3 points, ≥5 = 4 points |
0– 6 7 – 9 10 – 12 13 – 14 15 15– 24 |
<10% 15–20% 40–50% 50–60% >80% >90% |
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Platelets: (× 103/uL) <150 = 1 point, <100 = 2 points, <50 = 3 points, <20 = 4 points |
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GCS: (out of 15) 13–14 = 1 point, 10–12 = 2 points, 6–9 = 3 points, <6 = 4 points |
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MAP/Use of Vasopressor: MAP < 70 mm/Hg = 1 point dopamine ≤ 5 μg/kg/min or dobutamine (any dose) = 2 point dopamine > 5 μg/kg/min OR epinephrine ≤ 0.1 μg/kg/min OR norepinephrine ≤ 0.1 μg/kg/min = 3 points dopamine > 15 μg/kg/min OR epinephrine > 0.1 μg/kg/min OR norepinephrine > 0.1 μg/kg/min = 4 points |
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Bilirubin: (mg/dl) 1.2– 1.9 = 1 point, 2.0– 5.9 = 2 points, 6.0 – 11.9 = 3points, >12 = 4 points |
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MEWS |
RR: (breath/min) ≤8 = 2 points, 15–20 = 1 point, 21–29 = 2 points, ≥30 = 3 points |
Score | Plan |
HR: (beats/min) <40 = 2 points, 40–50 = 1 point, 101–110 = 1 point 111–129 = 2 points, >129 = 3points |
1–2 | 2 hour observation | |
Systolic blood pressure: (mmHg) ≤70 = 3 points, 71–80 = 2 points, 81–100 = 1 point, >200 = 2 points |
3 | 1–2 hour observation | |
Temperature: (°C) ≤34 = 3 points, 34.1–35 = 2 points, 35.1–36 = 1 point, 38–38.5 = 1 point, ≥38.6 = 2 points |
≥4 | 1/2hr observe & inform doctor | |
CNS: Unresponsive = 3 points, Respond to pain = 2 points, Respond to voice/New agitation/Confusion = 1 point |
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Urine Output: (ml in 24hr) <480 = 2 points, 480–714 = 1 point, >4800 = 1 point |
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APACHE II |
Age: (<44 years = 0 point) 45–54 = 2 points, 55–64 = 3 points, 65–74 = 5 points, >74 = 6 points |
Score | Mortality Rate |
Temperature: (Normal: 36– 38.4°C) ≥ 41 / ≤ 29.9 = 4 points, 39–40.9 / 30–31.9 = 3 points,- / 32–33.9 = 2 points, 38.5–38.9 / 34–35.9 = 1 point |
0–4 | 4% | |
Mean Arterial Pressure (Normal: 70–109 mmHg) ≥160 / ≤ 49 = 4 points, 130–159 /- = 3 points, 110–129 / 50–69 = 2 points |
5–9 | 8% | |
Heart Rate (Normal: 70–109 bpm) ≥180 / ≤ 39 = 4 points, 140–179 / 40–54 = 3 points, 110–139 / 55–69 = 2 points |
10–14 | 15% | |
Respiratory Rate (Normal: 12–24 breath/min) ≥50 / ≤ 5 = 4 points, 35–49 /- = 3 points,- / 6–9 = 2 points, 25–34 / 10–11 = 1 point |
15–19 | 25% | |
Oxygenation (mmHg) If FiO2 ≥ 0.5, use A-a O2: ≥500 = 4 points, 350–499 = 3 points, 200–349 = 2 points, <200 = 0 point If FiO2 < 0.5, use PAO2: <55 = 4 points, 55–60 = 3 points, 61–70 = 1 points, >70 = 0 point |
20–24 | 40% | |
Arterial pH (Normal: 7.33–7.49) ≥ 7.7 / ≤ 7.15 = 4 points, 7.6.7.69 / 7.15–7.24 = 3 points,- / 7.25–7.32 = 2 points, 7.5–7.59 /- = 1 point |
25–29 | 55% | |
Serum HCO3 (N: 22–31.9 mmol/L) ‘if ABGs unavailable’ ≥ 52 / < 15 = 4 points, 41–51.9 / 15–17.9 = 3 points,- / 18–21.9 = 2 points, 32–40.9 /- = 1 point |
30–34 | 75% | |
Serum Na (Normal: 130–149 mmol/L) ≥ 180 / ≤ 110 = 4 points, 160–179 / 111–119 = 3 points, 155–159 / 120–129 = 2 points, 150–154 /- = 1 point |
>34 | 85% | |
Serum K (Normal: 3.5–5.4 mmol/L) ≥ 7 / ≤ 2.5 = 4 points, 6–6.9 /- = 3 points,- / 2.5–2.9 = 2 points, 5.5–5.9 / 3–3.4 = 1 point |
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Serum Cr (Normal: 0.6–1.4 mg/dL) Score × 2 (if AKI) ≥ 3.5 /- = 4 points, 2–3.4 /- = 3 points, 1.5–1.9 / <0.6 = 2 points |
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Hematocrit (Normal: 30–45.9%) ≥ 60 / < 20 = 4 points, 50–59.9 / 20–29.9 = 2 points, 46–49.9/- = 1 point |
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WBCs (Normal: 3–14.9 ×103/uL) ≥ 40 / < 1 = 4 points, 20–39.9 / 1–2.9 = 2 points, 15–19.9 /- = 1 point |
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GCS = Score: 15 – actual GCS |
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Chronic Health Status: 2 points = elective postoperative patient with immunocompromise or history of severe organ insufficiency 5 points = non-operative patient or emergency postoperative patient with immunocompromise or severe organ insufficiency |
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SAPS II |
Temperature (°C) <39 = 0 point, ≥39 = 3 points |
Score | Mortality Rate |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) <70 = 13 points, 70–99 = 5 points, 100–199 = 0 point, ≥200 = 2 points |
29 | 10% | |
Heart Rate (bpm) ≥ 160 = 7 points, 120–159 = 4 points, 70–119 = 0 point, 40–69 = 2 points, <40 = 11 points |
40 | 25% | |
PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) = only if on VENT or CPAP <100 = 11 points, 100–199 = 9 points, ≥200 = 7 points |
52 | 50% | |
Urine Output (liter/day) <0.5 = 11 points, 0.5–0.99 = 4 points, ≥ 1 = 0 point |
64 | 75% | |
Urea (g/L) <0.6 = 0 point, 0.6–1.7 = 6 points, >1.88 = 10 points |
77 | 90% | |
Serum HCO3 (mmol/L) <15 = 6 points, 15–19 = 3 points, >20 = 0 point |
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Serum Na (mmol/L) <125 = 5 point, 125–144 = 0 point, ≥145 = 1 point |
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Serum K (mmol/L) < 3 = 3 points, 3–4.9 = 0 point, ≥ 5 = 2 points |
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WBCs (×103/uL) < 1 = 12 points, 1–19.9 = 0 point, ≥ 20 = 2 points |
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Bilirubin (mg/dL) < 40 = 0 point, 40–59.9 = 4 points, ≥ 60 = 9 points |
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GCS (out of 15) < 6 = 26 points, 6–8 = 13 points, 9–10 = 7 points, 11–13 = 5 points, 14–15 = 0 point |
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Age (years) <40 = 0 point, 40–59 = 7 points, 60–69 = 12 points, 70–74 = 15 points, 75–79 = 16 points, >80 = 18 points |
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Chronic disease Metastatic cancer = 9 points, Hematological malignancy = 10 points, AIDS = 17 points |
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Type of Admission Elective/Surgery = 0 point, Medical = 6 points, Emergency Surgery = 8 points |
APACHE II | 16(11–21) | 16(11–21) | 20(13–25) | 0.002 |
SOFA | 4(2–6) | 4(2–5) | 7(4–10) | 0.000 |
SAPS II | 36(30–53) | 35(30–42) | 44(38–53) | 0.000 |
MEWS | 3(2–4) | 3(2–4) | 5(3–6) | 0.000 |
Age, Mean (SD), years | 62 | 61.2 | 63.6 | 0.86 |
Age Groups | ||||
Up to 20 years | 1.49% | 1.57% | 0 | |
20 – 40 years | 10.46% | 10.39% | 7.69% | |
40 – 60 years | 34.16% | 33.96% | 44.23% | |
60 – 80 years | 46.06% | 55.62% | 34.61% | |
80+ years | 11.86% | 11.62% | 13.46% | |
Gender | ||||
Male (%) | 454 (49.2%) | 421 (48.7%) | 33 (55.9%) | 0.284 |
Female (%) | 469 (50.8%) | 443 (51.3%) | 26 (44.1%) | |
Top 10 common diagnosis | ||||
Sepsis, septic shock n, (%) | 130(13.1%) | 107(12.3%) | 23(38.9%) | 0.000 |
Pneumonia n, (%) | 265(27.7 %) | 235(27.1%) | 30(50.8%) | 0.009 |
UTI n, (%) | 201(21.8%) | 193(22.33%) | 8(13.55%) | 0.142 |
AKI n, (%) | 373(40%) | 350(40.5%) | 23(38.9%) | 0.817 |
MI and Pulmonary Edema n, (%) | 71(7.7%) | 62(7.17%) | 9(15.25%) | 0.038 |
Stroke n, (%) | 28(3.0%) | 24(2.77%) | 4(6.77%) | 0.097 |
Atrial Fibrillation n, (%) | 28(3.0 %) | 24(2.77%) | 4(6.77%) | 0.083 |
Electrolyte Imbalance n, (%) | 170(18.4%) | 162(18.75%) | 8(13.55%) | 0.387 |
Exacerbation of Obstructive Airway Disease n, (%) | 59(6.4 %) | 53(6.13%) | 6(10.16%) | 0.220 |
Solid Tumors n, (%) | 26(2.8%) | 23(2.66%) | 3(5.08%) | 0.403 |
Comorbid n, (%) | ||||
Diabetes | 510 (55.3%) | 472(54.62%) | 34(57.62%) | 0.650 |
Hypertension | 648 (70.2%) | 609(70.48%) | 39(66.10%) | 0.470 |
Ischemic Heart Disease | 307(33.3%) | 230(26.62%) | 21(35.55%) | 0.134 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 474 (51%) | 216(25.00%) | 24(40.67%) | |
Chronic Liver Disease | 66 (7.2%) | 56(6.48%) | 10(16.94%) | 0.003 |
Thyroid Disorders | 37 (4.0%) | 36(4.16%) | 01(1.69%) | 0.349 |
Malignancy | 26 (2.8%) | 24(2.77%) | 2(3.38%) | 0.783 |
HIV/AIDS | 7 (0.7%) | 6(0.69%) | 01(1.69%) | 0.391 |
Length of stay (mean ± SD) | 5.9 ± 4.7 | |||
Mortality rate n, (%) | 59 (6.4%) |
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II | ≥ 12 | 0.584 (0.52–0.64) | 0.004 | 70 | 76 | 0.25 (0.32–0.19) |
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment | ≥ 6 | 0.735 (0.68–0.79) | 0.000 | 64 | 76 | 0.64 (0.80–0.48) |
Simplified Acute Physiology Score II | ≥ 39 | 0.763 (0.71–0.81) | 0.000 | 78 | 62 | 0.35 (0.45–0.26) |
Modified Early Warning Score | ≥ 3 | 0.714 (0.66–0.77) | 0.000 | 85 | 40 | 0.51 (0.64–0.38) |