Acute Kidney Injury Following Rhabdomyolysis in Critically Ill Patients

Patient’s demographic data, length of stay, SOFA Score, comorbid and serum creatinine kinase levels_ Values are shown as mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) and number (percentage)_

	Non-acute kidney	Acute kidney injury	p-value
	injury (n=95)	(n=54)
Gender
Male	74(77.9%)	41(75.9%)	0.783
Female	21(22.1%)	13(24.1%)
Ethnicity
Malay	54(56.8%)	26(48.1%)
Chinese	19(20.9%)	14(25.9%)	0.859
Indian	14(14.7%)	9(16.7%)
Others	8(8.4%)	5(9.3%)
Age, Mean (SD) years	43.3(18.6)	46.8(15.5)
<40	45(47.4%)	20(37.0%)
41-60	31(32.6%)	22(40.7%)	0.238
>61	19(20.0%)	12(22.2%)
Weight, kg	70[63-80]	80[70-86.8]
<50	10(10.5%)	0	<0.001*
51-70	25(26.3%)	12(22.5%)
>71	60(63.2%)	42(77.8%)
Length of Stay in ICU (days)	5[2-8]	5[3-11.25]	0.210
SOFA score, Mean (SD)	5.8(3.7)	10.7(4.3)
≤2	18(18.9%)	2(3.7%)	<0.001*
>2	77(81.1%)	52(96.3%)
Comorbidities
Diabetes	17(17.9%)	17(31.5%)	0.057
Asthma	7(7.4%)	3(5.6%)	0.748
Hypertension	21(22.1%)	19(35.2%)	0.083
Creatinine kinase level on upon diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis	2179[1246-4742]	2065[796-7741]	0.435
Creatinine kinase level post-treatment	1578[661-2374]	2030[764-5548]	0.048*
Time taken to reach the highest creatinine kinase (days)	2[1-2]	2[1-3]	0.260
Mortality	4(4.2%)	19(35.2%)	<0.001*

Bivariate analysis of associated risk factors in Acute Kidney Injury development expressed as mean (SD), number (%), median [IQR] as appropriate_

Risk factors	Non-acute kidney injury (n=95)	Acute kidney injury (n=54)	Odds raito	95% CI		p-value
				Lowe	Upper
Weight >50 kg			1.040	1.016	1.064	<0.001 p less than 0.05 is significant
SOFA score (>2)			1.372	1.223	1.539	<0.001 p less than 0.05 is significant
Antipsychotics	2 (2.1%)	1 (1.9%)				0.702
Sepsis	15 (15.8%)	27 (50%)	5.333	2.476	11.487	<0.001 p less than 0.05 is significant
Prolonged Surgery	17 (17.9%)	8 (14.7%)				0.658
Trauma	46 (48.4%)	17 (31.5%)	0.489	0.243	0.987	0.046
Hyperthermia	0	1 (1.9%)				0.362

Multivariate logistic regression of risk factors developing Acute Kidney Injury in rhabdomyolysis patients_

Variable	Odds raito	95% CI		p-value
		Lower	Upper
Weight (>50 kg)	1.034	1.006	1.063	0.016 p less than 0.05 is significant
Sofa Score (>2)	1.299	1.151	1.467	<0.001 p less than 0.05 is significant
Sepsis	2.475	0.978	6.261	<0.05 p less than 0.05 is significant