Comparative Study on Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Propolis Collected from Different Regions of Bulgaria

Aboulghazi, A., Touzani. S., Fadil, M., Lyoussi, B. (2022). Physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and anticandidal activities of Moroccan propolis. Veterinary World, 15(2), 341–349. http://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.341-349 AboulghaziA. TouzaniS. FadilM. LyoussiB. 2022 Physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and anticandidal activities of Moroccan propolis Veterinary World 15 2 341 349 http://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.341-349 Search in Google Scholar

Adaškevičiūtė, V., Kaškonienė, V., Kaškonas, P., Barčauskaitė, K., Maruška, A. (2019). Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Bee Pollen with Other Bee Products. Biomolecules, 9(12), 819. http://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120819 AdaškevičiūtėV. KaškonienėV. KaškonasP. BarčauskaitėK. MaruškaA. 2019 Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Bee Pollen with Other Bee Products Biomolecules 9 12 819 http://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120819 Search in Google Scholar

Afrouzan, H., Tahghigh, A., Zakeri, S., Es-haghi, A. (2018). Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Iranian Propolis. Iranian Biomedical Journal, 22(1), 50–65. http://doi.org/10.22034/ibj.22.1.50 AfrouzanH. TahghighA. ZakeriS. Es-haghiA. 2018 Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Iranian Propolis Iranian Biomedical Journal 22 1 50 65 http://doi.org/10.22034/ibj.22.1.50 Search in Google Scholar

Asem, N., Gapar, N. A. A., Hapit, N. H. A., Omar, E. A. (2019). Correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid contents with antioxidant activity of Malaysian stingless bee propolis extract. Journal of Apicultural Research, 59(4), 437–442. http://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2019.1684050 AsemN. GaparN. A. A. HapitN. H. A. OmarE. A. 2019 Correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid contents with antioxidant activity of Malaysian stingless bee propolis extract Journal of Apicultural Research 59 4 437 442 http://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2019.1684050 Search in Google Scholar

Bankova, V., Popova, M., Trusheva, B. (2016). New emerging fields of application of propolis. Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 35(1), 1–11. http://doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2016.864. BankovaV. PopovaM. TrushevaB. 2016 New emerging fields of application of propolis Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 35 1 1 11 http://doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2016.864. Search in Google Scholar

Bankova, V. (2005). Recent trends and important developments in propolis research. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(1), 29–32. http://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh059 BankovaV. 2005 Recent trends and important developments in propolis research Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2 1 29 32 http://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh059 Search in Google Scholar

Bankova, V., Boudourova-Krasteva, G., Popov, S., Sforcin, J. M., Funari, S. R. C. (1998). Seasonal variations of the chemical composition of Brazilian propolis. Apidologie, 29(4), 361–367. http://doi.org/10.1051/apido:19980406 BankovaV. Boudourova-KrastevaG. PopovS. SforcinJ. M. FunariS. R. C. 1998 Seasonal variations of the chemical composition of Brazilian propolis Apidologie 29 4 361 367 http://doi.org/10.1051/apido:19980406 Search in Google Scholar

Bouchelaghem, S. (2022). Propolis characterization and antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans: A review. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29, 1936–1946. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.063 BouchelaghemS. 2022 Propolis characterization and antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans: A review Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 29 1936 1946 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.063 Search in Google Scholar

Boudourova-Krasteva, G., Bankova, V., Sforcin, J. M., Nikolova, N., Popov, S. (1997). Phenolics from Brazilian Propolis. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 52c, 676–679. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1997-9-1016 Boudourova-KrastevaG. BankovaV. SforcinJ. M. NikolovaN. PopovS. 1997 Phenolics from Brazilian Propolis Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 52c 676 679 https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1997-9-1016 Search in Google Scholar

Cauich-Kumul, R., & Campos, M. R. S. (2019). Bee propolis: properties, chemical composition, applications, and potential health effects. In Bioactive Compounds. (pp. 227–243). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814774-0.00012-8 Cauich-KumulR. CamposM. R. S. 2019 Bee propolis: properties, chemical composition, applications, and potential health effects In Bioactive Compounds 227 243 Elsevier https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814774-0.00012-8 Search in Google Scholar

De Groot, A. C. (2013). Propolis. A review of properties, applications, chemical composition, contact allergy, and other adverse effects. Dermatitis, 24(6), 263–82. https://doi.org/10.1097/DER.0000000000000011 De GrootA. C. 2013 Propolis. A review of properties, applications, chemical composition, contact allergy, and other adverse effects Dermatitis 24 6 263 82 https://doi.org/10.1097/DER.0000000000000011 Search in Google Scholar

Dezmirean, D. S., Pasca, C., Moise, A. R., Bobis, O. (2021). Plant Sources Responsible for the Chemical Composition and Main Bioactive Properties of Poplar-Type Propolis. Plants, 10, 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010022 DezmireanD. S. PascaC. MoiseA. R. BobisO. 2021 Plant Sources Responsible for the Chemical Composition and Main Bioactive Properties of Poplar-Type Propolis Plants 10 22 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010022 Search in Google Scholar

Dias, L. G., Pereira, A. P., Estevinho, L. M. (2012). Comparative study of different Portuguese samples of propolis: Pollinic, sensorial, physicochemical, microbiological characterization and antibacterial activity. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(12), 4246–4253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.056 DiasL. G. PereiraA. P. EstevinhoL. M. 2012 Comparative study of different Portuguese samples of propolis: Pollinic, sensorial, physicochemical, microbiological characterization and antibacterial activity Food and Chemical Toxicology 50 12 4246 4253 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.056 Search in Google Scholar

Falcao, S. I., Freire, C., Vilas-Boas, M. (2013). A Proposal for Physicochemical Standards and Antioxidant Activity of Portuguese Propolis. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 90(11), 1729–1741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-013-2324-y FalcaoS. I. FreireC. Vilas-BoasM. 2013 A Proposal for Physicochemical Standards and Antioxidant Activity of Portuguese Propolis Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 90 11 1729 1741 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-013-2324-y Search in Google Scholar

Goik, U., Ptaszek, A., Goik, T. (2015). The influence of propolis on rheological properties of lipstick. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 37(4), 417–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12213 GoikU. PtaszekA. GoikT. 2015 The influence of propolis on rheological properties of lipstick International Journal of Cosmetic Science 37 4 417 424 https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12213 Search in Google Scholar

Hemeida, H. H., & Kobeasy, M. I. M. (2003). Chemical composition and active components of Egyptian honeybee propolis as a natural substances for preservation of bastarami. Mansoura University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28(5), 3747–3764. HemeidaH. H. KobeasyM. I. M. 2003 Chemical composition and active components of Egyptian honeybee propolis as a natural substances for preservation of bastarami Mansoura University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 28 5 3747 3764 Search in Google Scholar

Huang, S., Zhan, C. P., Wang, K., Li, G. Q., Hu, F. L. (2014). Recent advances in the chemical composition of propolis. Molecules, 19(12), 19610–19632. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191219610 HuangS. ZhanC. P. WangK. LiG. Q. HuF. L. 2014 Recent advances in the chemical composition of propolis Molecules 19 12 19610 19632 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191219610 Search in Google Scholar

Ivanov, I. G., Vrancheva, R. Z., Marchev, A. S., Petkova, N. T., Aneva, I. Y., Denev, P. P., … Pavlov, A. I. (2014). Antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds in Bulgarian Fumaria species. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 296–306. IvanovI. G. VranchevaR. Z. MarchevA. S. PetkovaN. T. AnevaI. Y. DenevP. P. PavlovA. I. 2014 Antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds in Bulgarian Fumaria species International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 3 2 296 306 Search in Google Scholar

Kumazawa, S., Hamasaka, T., Nakayama, T. (2004). Antioxidant activity of propolis of various geographic origins. Food Chemistry, 84(3), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(03)00216-4 KumazawaS. HamasakaT. NakayamaT. 2004 Antioxidant activity of propolis of various geographic origins Food Chemistry 84 3 329 339 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(03)00216-4 Search in Google Scholar

Ly, B. C. K., Dyer, E. B., Feig, J. L., Chien, A. L., Bino, S. D. (2020). Research techniques made simple: cutaneous colorimetry: A reliable technique for objective skin color measurement. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 140, 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2019.11.003 LyB. C. K. DyerE. B. FeigJ. L. ChienA. L. BinoS. D. 2020 Research techniques made simple: cutaneous colorimetry: A reliable technique for objective skin color measurement Journal of Investigative Dermatology 140 3 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2019.11.003 Search in Google Scholar

Mihai, C. M., Mǎrghitaş, L. A., Dezmirean, D., Bǎrnuţiu, L. (2011). Correlation between Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis from Transylvania. Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 44(2), 100–103. MihaiC. M. MǎrghitaşL. A. DezmireanD. BǎrnuţiuL. 2011 Correlation between Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis from Transylvania Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies 44 2 100 103 Search in Google Scholar

Moise, A. R., & Bobiş, O. (2020). Baccharis dracunculifolia and Dalbergia ecastaphyllum, main plant sources for bioactive properties in green and red Brazilian propolis. Plants, 9(11), 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111619 MoiseA. R. BobişO. 2020 Baccharis dracunculifolia and Dalbergia ecastaphyllum, main plant sources for bioactive properties in green and red Brazilian propolis Plants 9 11 1619 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111619 Search in Google Scholar

Morsy, A. S., Soltan, Y. A., El-Zaiat, H. M., Alencar, S. M., Abdalla, A. L. (2021). Bee propolis extract as a phytogenic feed additive to enhance diet digestibility, rumen microbial biosynthesis, mitigating methane formation and health status of late pregnant ewes. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 273 (114834). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114834 MorsyA. S. SoltanY. A. El-ZaiatH. M. AlencarS. M. AbdallaA. L. 2021 Bee propolis extract as a phytogenic feed additive to enhance diet digestibility, rumen microbial biosynthesis, mitigating methane formation and health status of late pregnant ewes Animal Feed Science and Technology 273 114834 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114834 Search in Google Scholar

Özkök, A., Keskin, M., Samanci, A. E. T., Önder, E. Y., Takma, Ç. (2021). Determination of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds for basic standardization of Turkish propolis. Applied Biological Chemistry, 64, 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-021-00608-3 ÖzkökA. KeskinM. SamanciA. E. T. ÖnderE. Y. TakmaÇ. 2021 Determination of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds for basic standardization of Turkish propolis Applied Biological Chemistry 64 37 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-021-00608-3 Search in Google Scholar

Pant, K., Thakur, M., Chopra, H. K., Nanda, V., Ansari, M. J., Pietramellara, G., … Datta, R. (2021). Characterization and discrimination of Indian propolis based on physico-chemical, techno-functional, thermal and textural properties: A multivariate approach. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 33, 101405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101405 PantK. ThakurM. ChopraH. K. NandaV. AnsariM. J. PietramellaraG. DattaR. 2021 Characterization and discrimination of Indian propolis based on physico-chemical, techno-functional, thermal and textural properties: A multivariate approach Journal of King Saud University - Science 33 101405 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101405 Search in Google Scholar

Pasupuleti, V. R., Sammugam, L., Ramesh, N., Gan, S. H. (2017). Honey, propolis, and royal jelly: a comprehensive review of their biological actions and health benefits. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 1259510. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1259510 PasupuletiV. R. SammugamL. RameshN. GanS. H. 2017 Honey, propolis, and royal jelly: a comprehensive review of their biological actions and health benefits Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 1259510 https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1259510 Search in Google Scholar

Popova, M., Trusheva, B., Antonova D., Cutajar, S., Mifsud, D., Farrugia, C., … Bankova, V. (2011). The specific chemical profile of Mediterranean propolis from Malta. Food Chemistry, 126(3), 1431–1435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.130 PopovaM. TrushevaB. AntonovaD. CutajarS. MifsudD. FarrugiaC. BankovaV. 2011 The specific chemical profile of Mediterranean propolis from Malta Food Chemistry 126 3 1431 1435 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.130 Search in Google Scholar

Pratami, D. K., Mun’im, A., Yohda, M., Hermansyah, H., Gozan, M., Putri, Y. R. P., Sahlan, M. (2019). Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of spray-dried microcapsules propolis from Tetragonula species. In AIP Conference Proceedings 2085, The 11-th Regional Conference on Chemical Engineering (RCChE 2018) (p. 020040-1–020040-10). Yogyakarta, Indonesia (7–8 November 2018). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5095018 PratamiD. K. Mun’imA. YohdaM. HermansyahH. GozanM. PutriY. R. P. SahlanM. 2019 Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of spray-dried microcapsules propolis from Tetragonula species In AIP Conference Proceedings 2085, The 11-th Regional Conference on Chemical Engineering (RCChE 2018) 020040-1 020040-10 Yogyakarta, Indonesia 7–8 November 2018 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5095018 Search in Google Scholar

Ristivojević, P., Trifković, J., Andrić F., Milojković-Opsenica, D. (2015). Poplar-type Propolis: Chemical Composition, Botanical Origin and Biological Activity. Natural Product Communications, 10(11), 1869 – 1876. RistivojevićP. TrifkovićJ. AndrićF. Milojković-OpsenicaD. 2015 Poplar-type Propolis: Chemical Composition, Botanical Origin and Biological Activity Natural Product Communications 10 11 1869 1876 Search in Google Scholar

Sahinler, N., & Kaftanoglu, O. (2005). Natural product propolis: chemical composition. Natural Product Research, 19(2), 183–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410410001704877 SahinlerN. KaftanogluO. 2005 Natural product propolis: chemical composition Natural Product Research 19 2 183 188 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410410001704877 Search in Google Scholar

Salomao, K., Dantas, A. P., Borba, C. M., Campos, L. C., Machado, D. G., Aquino Neto, F, R., de Castro, S. L.. (2004). Chemical composition and microbicidal activity of extracts from Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 38(2), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2003.01458.x SalomaoK. DantasA. P. BorbaC. M. CamposL. C. MachadoD. G. Aquino NetoF, R. de CastroS. L.. 2004 Chemical composition and microbicidal activity of extracts from Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis Letters in Applied Microbiology 38 2 87 92 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2003.01458.x Search in Google Scholar

Seibert, J. B., Bautista-Silva, J. P., Amparo, T. R., Petit, A., Pervier, P., dos Santos Almeida, J. C., ... dos Santos, O. D. H. (2019). Development of propolis nanoemulsion with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity for use as a potential natural preservative. Food Chemistry, 287, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.078 SeibertJ. B. Bautista-SilvaJ. P. AmparoT. R. PetitA. PervierP. dos Santos AlmeidaJ. C. dos SantosO. D. H. 2019 Development of propolis nanoemulsion with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity for use as a potential natural preservative Food Chemistry 287 61 67 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.078 Search in Google Scholar

Sforcin, J. M. (2007). Propolis and the immune system: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.012 SforcinJ. M. 2007 Propolis and the immune system: a review Journal of Ethnopharmacology 113 1 1 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.012 Search in Google Scholar

Shehata, M. G., Ahmad, F. T., Badr, A. N., Masry, S. H., El-Sohaimy, S. A. (2020). Chemical analysis, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of propolis from different geographic regions. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 65(2), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2020.12.001 ShehataM. G. AhmadF. T. BadrA. N. MasryS. H. El-SohaimyS. A. 2020 Chemical analysis, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of propolis from different geographic regions Annals of Agricultural Sciences 65 2 209 217 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2020.12.001 Search in Google Scholar

Socha, R., Gałkowska, D., Bugaj, M., Juszczak, L. (2014). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of propolis from various regions of Poland. Natural Product Research, 29(5), 416–422. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.949705 SochaR. GałkowskaD. BugajM. JuszczakL. 2014 Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of propolis from various regions of Poland Natural Product Research 29 5 416 422 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.949705 Search in Google Scholar

Topuzova, M., Todorova, M., Tumbarski, Y., Petkova, N., Ivanov, I. (2021). Antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of commercial propolis extracts from Bulgaria. Academic Journal Industrial Technologies, 8(1), 117–124. TopuzovaM. TodorovaM. TumbarskiY. PetkovaN. IvanovI. 2021 Antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of commercial propolis extracts from Bulgaria Academic Journal Industrial Technologies 8 1 117 124 Search in Google Scholar

Toreti, V. C., Sato, H. H., Pastore, G. M., Park, Y. K. (2013). Recent progress of propolis for its biological and chemical compositions and its botanical origin. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 697390, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/697390 ToretiV. C. SatoH. H. PastoreG. M. ParkY. K. 2013 Recent progress of propolis for its biological and chemical compositions and its botanical origin Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 697390 1 13 https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/697390 Search in Google Scholar

Tosi, E. A., Ré, E., Ortega, M. E., Cazzoli, A. F. (2007). Food preservative based on propolis: Bacteriostatic activity of propolis polyphenols and flavonoids upon Escherichia coli. Food Chemistry, 104(3), 1025–1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.01.011 TosiE. A. RéE. OrtegaM. E. CazzoliA. F. 2007 Food preservative based on propolis: Bacteriostatic activity of propolis polyphenols and flavonoids upon Escherichia coli Food Chemistry 104 3 1025 1029 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.01.011 Search in Google Scholar

Touzani, S., Imtara, H., Katekhaye, S., Mechchate, H., Ouassou, H., Alqahtani, A. S. … Lyoussi, B. (2021). Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Various Propolis Samples Collected from an African and an Asian Region and Their Impact on Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities. Molecules, 26, 4589. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154589 TouzaniS. ImtaraH. KatekhayeS. MechchateH. OuassouH. AlqahtaniA. S. LyoussiB. 2021 Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Various Propolis Samples Collected from an African and an Asian Region and Their Impact on Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities Molecules 26 4589 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154589 Search in Google Scholar

Tumbarski, Y. D, Todorova, M. M., Topuzova, M. G., Georgieva, P. I., Ganeva, Z. A., Mihov, R. B., Yanakieva, V. B. (2021). Antifungal Activity of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Edible Films Enriched with Propolis Extracts and Their Role in Improvement of the Storage Life of Kashkaval Cheese. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 9(2), 487–499. https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.9.2.12 TumbarskiY. D TodorovaM. M. TopuzovaM. G. GeorgievaP. I. GanevaZ. A. MihovR. B. YanakievaV. B. 2021 Antifungal Activity of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Edible Films Enriched with Propolis Extracts and Their Role in Improvement of the Storage Life of Kashkaval Cheese Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science 9 2 487 499 https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.9.2.12 Search in Google Scholar

Tumbarski, Y., Deseva, I., Mihaylova, D., Stoyanova, M., Krastev, L., Nikolova, R., … Ivanov, I. (2018). Isolation, Characterization and Amino Acid Composition of a Bacteriocin Produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus Strain BM47. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 56(4), 546–552. https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.56.04.18.5905 TumbarskiY. DesevaI. MihaylovaD. StoyanovaM. KrastevL. NikolovaR. IvanovI. 2018 Isolation, Characterization and Amino Acid Composition of a Bacteriocin Produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus Strain BM47 Food Technology and Biotechnology 56 4 546 552 https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.56.04.18.5905 Search in Google Scholar

Velikova, M., Bankova, V., Sorkun, K., Houcine, S., Tsvetkova, I., Kujumgiev, A. (2000). Propolis from the Mediterranean Region: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 55(9–10). https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2000-9-1019 VelikovaM. BankovaV. SorkunK. HoucineS. TsvetkovaI. KujumgievA. 2000 Propolis from the Mediterranean Region: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 55 9–10 https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2000-9-1019 Search in Google Scholar

Wagh, V. D. (2013). Propolis: A wonder bees product and its pharmacological potentials. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 2013, 308249. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/308249 WaghV. D. 2013 Propolis: A wonder bees product and its pharmacological potentials Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2013 308249 https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/308249 Search in Google Scholar

Wang, X., Karuppasamy, S., Cheng, Y., Woo, S. O., Kwon, H. W., Perumalsamy, H., Young-Joon, A. (2016). Relationship between total phenolic contents and biological properties of propolis from 20 different regions in South Korea. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1043-y WangX. KaruppasamyS. ChengY. WooS. O. KwonH. W. PerumalsamyH. Young-JoonA. 2016 Relationship between total phenolic contents and biological properties of propolis from 20 different regions in South Korea BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 16 1 65 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1043-y Search in Google Scholar

Zarate, M. S. H., Juárez, M. R. A., García, A. C., López, C. O, Chávez, A. J. G., Garfias, J. J. N. S., Ramos, F. A. (2018). Flavonoids, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of propolis from various areas of Guanajuato, Mexico. Food Science and Technology, 38(2), 210–215. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.29916 ZarateM. S. H. JuárezM. R. A. GarcíaA. C. LópezC. O ChávezA. J. G. GarfiasJ. J. N. S. RamosF. A. 2018 Flavonoids, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of propolis from various areas of Guanajuato, Mexico Food Science and Technology 38 2 210 215 https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.29916 Search in Google Scholar