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Multiple Sensor based Human Detection Robots: A Review

A. Vellingiri
A. Vellingiri
, 
K. Mohanasundaram
K. Mohanasundaram
, 
K.S. Tamilselvan
K.S. Tamilselvan
, 
R. Maheswar
R. Maheswar
 oraz 
N. Ganesh
N. Ganesh
   | 20 sie 2023
International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems's Cover Image
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Article Category: Article
Data publikacji: 20 sie 2023
Zakres stron: -
Otrzymano: 24 maj 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2023-0009
Słowa kluczowe
© 2023 A. Vellingiri et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Identification of victims in two levels.
Identification of victims in two levels.

Figure 2:

Flow diagram for rescue mission.
Flow diagram for rescue mission.

Figure 3:

Temperature sensor.
Temperature sensor.

Figure 4:

Gas sensor.
Gas sensor.

Figure 5:

PIR sensor. PIR, passive infrared.
PIR sensor. PIR, passive infrared.

Figure 6:

Percentage analysis graph for human detection sensors.
Percentage analysis graph for human detection sensors.

j.ijssis-2023-0009.tab.002

S. No. Paper name with Ref. No. Comparison factor
Obstacle detection Microphone Location tracking Environmental condition monitoring Live streaming Gas detection Pulse sensing Temperature sensing
1 Living human detection robot in earthquake conditions [33] ✓ ✘ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✘ ✓
2 SAR system for detection of living humans by semi-autonomous mobile rescue robot [34] ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✓ ✓ ✘ ✓
3 Unmanned vehicle for detection of living humans during calamity [35] ✓ ✘ ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✓ ✓
4 Terminal analysis of the operation of a rescue robot constructed for assisting secondary disaster situations [46] ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✓ ✓ ✘ ✘
5 A low cost USAR robot for developing countries [61] ✓ ✓ ✘ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✘ ✓
6 Design and implementation of a semi-autonomous mobile SAR robot [47] ✓ ✘ ✘ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✘ ✓
7 Disaster response and surveillance bot [61] ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✓ ✓ ✘ ✓
8 Ground robot for detection of living humans in rescue operations [63] ✓ ✘ ✓ ✘ ✓ ✓ ✘ ✓

j.ijssis-2023-0009.tab.001

Sensor/sensing technology Pros Cons Ref.
Radar Long rangeNo need for line of sightOffers possibility for computation of target velocityTarget tracking is possible It is expensiveInterference [4],[54]
LiDAR Familiar in roboticsProvides detailed information about the environment High costNot able to measure distance given the prevalence of conditions of heavy rain [2],[55]
Magnetic It is able to detect metal objects Small range [56]
ToF camera Possible to provide in 3D measurements Less accuracyResolution is lowNot possible to deploy in outdoor operation [57]
Acoustic Wide rangeCost effective Differs in acoustic characteristics based on different environments [58]
Ultrasonic Wide rangeCost effective Sound is absorbed by clothing and foliage [34],[59],[64]
Optical Wide rangeTarget identification is easy CostlyNeed of line of sight [60]
IR and thermal Possibility of detecting a target in the dark In hot environments, detecting the target is difficult [34],[51],[47]
RF Easy to installAffordableLong distance Cables are required along the perimeterVolumetric range is limited [34],[51],[47],[61]
Motion It is possible to classify the type of intrusion based on structuresCost effective Limited range [34],[35],[64]
Seismic Exceptional stealth Differs in each environment [62]

j.ijssis-2023-0009.tab.004

S. No. Paper name Pros Cons Ref.
1 Living human detection robot in earthquake conditions Low costMore efficientLive streamingMore suitable for landslides/avalanches Due to the lack of internet connectivity under circumstances of landslides and avalanches, radar communication is preferred rather than IoT [33]
2 SAR system for detection of living humans by semi-autonomous mobile rescue robot Low costMore reliableUsed sensors are cheap and easily availableLow power consumptionHigh efficiency No location tracking and environment monitoring [34]
3 Unmanned vehicle for detection of living humans during calamity Low costMore reliableLong distance communicationLow power consumption No live streaming and environmental monitoring [35]
4 Terminal analysis of the operation of a rescue robot constructed for assisting secondary disaster situations Optimum size and strengthSimple and more reliableSimple to navigate in all types of terrain No location tracking [46]
5 A low-cost USAR robot for developing countries With walkie-talkie on board, rescuers can communicate up to 1 km away No location tracking [61]
6 Design and implementation of a semi-autonomous mobile SAR robot Built with a CMOS camera for digital image production Camera connection is lost and major issues on battery power [47]
7 Disaster response and surveillance bot Low power consumptionEasily controllableAdditionally, flame sensor is used to detect presence of fireLow cost and affordable No location tracking [61]
8 Ground robot for detection of living humans in rescue operations More accurate and efficientImproved resuscitation services for catastrophic victims No environmental monitoring and obstacle detection [63]

j.ijssis-2023-0009.tab.003

S. No. Paper name with Ref. No. Technology comparison factor
RF module Bluetooth WiFi IoT Zigbee module Android app
1 Living human detection robot in earthquake conditions [33] ✘ ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✓
2 SAR system for detection of living humans by semi-autonomous mobile rescue robot [34] ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
3 Unmanned vehicle for detection of living humans during calamity [35] ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✓ ✘
4 Terminal analysis of the operation of a rescue robot constructed for assisting secondary disaster situations [46] ✘ ✘ ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘
5 A low cost USAR robot for developing countries [61] ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
6 Design and implementation of a semi-autonomous mobile SAR robot [47] ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
7 Disaster response and surveillance bot [61] ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
8 Ground robot for detection of living humans in rescue operations [63] ✘ ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✓
eISSN:
1178-5608
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
Volume Open
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Engineering, Introductions and Overviews, other
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