The Analysis of Institutional Environment in the Area of Product Market Competition in the New EU Member States: What Do the Data Say About the Models of Capitalism Emerging in the CEE Countries?
| 31 gru 2018
O artykule
Article Category: Research Article
Data publikacji: 31 gru 2018
Zakres stron: 304 - 327
Otrzymano: 12 cze 2018
Przyjęty: 20 gru 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2018-0029
Słowa kluczowe
© 2018 Mariusz Próchniak, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
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Variables used in the analysis
| No. | Variable name | Variable descriptiona | Source | Scaleb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hef_fiscal | Fiscal freedom | Heritage FoundationFrom | 0 to 100; |
| 2 | hef_gov | Freedom from government spending | higher value | |
| 3 | hef_business | Business freedom | indicates greater scope of economic | |
| freedom | ||||
| 4 | gci_inst | Institutions | World Economic | From 1 to 7; |
| 5 | gci_loccom | Intensity of local competition | Forum – Global Competitiveness | higher value indicates better |
| 6 | gci_mardom | Extent of market dominance | Report | outcome (greater |
| 7 | gci_effec | Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy | competition) | |
| 8 | gci_tax | Total tax rate (% of profits) | ||
| 9 | gci_domcom | Domestic competition | ||
| 10 | gci_tradeb | Prevalence of trade barriers | ||
| 11 | gci_forown | Prevalence of foreign ownership | ||
| 12 | gci_busimp | Business impact of rules on FDI | ||
| 13 | gci_forcom | Foreign competition | ||
| 14 | gci_com | Competition | ||
| 15 | gci_marsize | Market size | ||
| 16 | gci_compind | Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) | ||
| 17 | wdi_costbusi | Cost of business start-up procedures (% of GNI per capita) | World Bank – World | - |
| 18 | wdi_taxpaym | Tax payments (number) | Development Indicators | |
| 19 | wdi_timeenfor | Time required to enforce a contract (days) | ||
| 20 | wdi_timeregpro | Time required to register property (days) | ||
| 21 | wdi_timestartbu | Time required to start a business (days) | ||
| 22 | wdi_timepaytax | Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) | ||
| 23 | eur_enterman | Number of enterprises in manufacturing (per million people) | Eurostat | - |
| 24 | eur_entertot | Number of enterprises in business economy except financial | ||
| and insurance activities (per million people) |
Similarity coefficients in the area of product market competition
| CEE country | Reference country | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Spain | Sweden | UK | |
| Bulgaria | 37.4 | 54.0 | 35.1 | 35.4 |
| Croatia | 43.0 | 58.7 | 43.7 | 39.7 |
| Czech Republic | 59.5 | 70.5 | 66.3 | 52.2 |
| Estonia | 68.8 | 70.3 | 71.2 | 69.0 |
| Hungary | 66.8 | 81.7 | 71.7 | 56.4 |
| Latvia | 58.4 | 71.4 | 58.4 | 56.5 |
| Lithuania | 56.5 | 71.8 | 59.5 | 51.1 |
| Poland | 47.0 | 70.0 | 47.1 | 43.8 |
| Romania | 46.5 | 59.3 | 45.4 | 40.7 |
| Slovakia | 65.9 | 67.2 | 65.2 | 61.1 |
| Slovenia | 43.9 | 68.5 | 48.2 | 45.2 |
| Bulgaria | 43.3 | 65.2 | 37.7 | 35.9 |
| Croatia | 40.7 | 56.5 | 34.5 | 35.5 |
| Czech Republic | 56.5 | 64.3 | 55.5 | 54.1 |
| Estonia | 65.6 | 64.4 | 72.8 | 73.2 |
| Hungary | 55.1 | 72.5 | 58.3 | 51.2 |
| Latvia | 62.0 | 70.2 | 67.0 | 65.3 |
| Lithuania | 59.3 | 72.8 | 60.8 | 54.3 |
| Poland | 62.8 | 73.4 | 53.1 | 53.6 |
| Romania | 55.5 | 70.9 | 48.2 | 49.0 |
| Slovakia | 51.7 | 67.6 | 56.3 | 50.6 |
| Slovenia | 50.5 | 60.3 | 52.4 | 44.5 |
The values of variables in the beginning and final years of the analysis
| Country | Initial year | Final year | Change | Initial year | Final year | Change | Initial year | Final year | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hef_fiscal | hef_gov | hef_business | |||||||
| Bulgaria | 80.3 | 91.1 | 10.8 | 53.4 | 60.4 | 7.0 | 55.0 | 66.9 | 11.9 |
| Croatia | 59.3 | 70.8 | 11.5 | 26.2 | 33.7 | 7.5 | 55.0 | 60.3 | 5.3 |
| Czech Republic | 68.2 | 82.5 | 14.3 | 15.1 | 47.3 | 32.2 | 70.0 | 66.6 | -3.4 |
| Estonia | 82.9 | 81.9 | -1.0 | 61.6 | 54.9 | -6.7 | 85.0 | 79.0 | -6.0 |
| Hungary | 67.9 | 78.7 | 10.8 | 25.6 | 26.7 | 1.1 | 70.0 | 70.6 | 0.6 |
| Latvia | 83.6 | 84.8 | 1.2 | 52.7 | 58.4 | 5.7 | 70.0 | 78.6 | 8.6 |
| Lithuania | 82.8 | 92.9 | 10.1 | 65.1 | 63.8 | -1.3 | 70.0 | 80.0 | 10.0 |
| Poland | 68.3 | 75.5 | 7.2 | 30.3 | 46.5 | 16.2 | 70.0 | 68.7 | -1.3 |
| Romania | 70.1 | 87.5 | 17.4 | 68.9 | 65.6 | -3.3 | 55.0 | 66.1 | 11.1 |
| Slovakia | 81.9 | 80.1 | -1.8 | 42.4 | 49.5 | 7.1 | 70.0 | 68.4 | -1.6 |
| Slovenia | 55.6 | 58.6 | 3.0 | 45.3 | 0.0 | -45.3 | 85.0 | 82.0 | -3.0 |
| Germany | 58.4 | 61.5 | 3.1 | 28.6 | 41.3 | 12.7 | 70.0 | 90.0 | 20.0 |
| Spain | 55.4 | 58.3 | 2.9 | 53.0 | 41.1 | -11.9 | 70.0 | 76.0 | 6.0 |
| Sweden | 33.7 | 44.4 | 10.7 | 0.0 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 70.0 | 89.7 | 19.7 |
| UK | 62.3 | 64.9 | 2.6 | 43.5 | 39.0 | -4.5 | 85.0 | 86.0 | 1.0 |
| gci_inst | gci_loccom | gci_mardom | |||||||
| Bulgaria | 3.05 | 3.39 | 0.34 | 4.08 | 4.61 | 0.53 | 3.63 | 3.42 | -0.21 |
| Croatia | 3.61 | 3.63 | 0.02 | 4.85 | 4.90 | 0.05 | 3.44 | 3.20 | -0.24 |
| Czech Republic | 3.89 | 4.09 | 0.20 | 5.40 | 5.75 | 0.35 | 4.40 | 4.54 | 0.14 |
| Estonia | 4.67 | 5.03 | 0.36 | 5.47 | 5.61 | 0.14 | 4.24 | 4.11 | -0.12 |
| Hungary | 4.21 | 3.52 | -0.69 | 5.42 | 5.12 | -0.30 | 4.12 | 3.46 | -0.67 |
| Latvia | 3.96 | 4.18 | 0.22 | 4.86 | 5.40 | 0.54 | 3.85 | 3.79 | -0.07 |
| Lithuania | 3.79 | 4.12 | 0.32 | 5.19 | 5.64 | 0.45 | 3.61 | 3.66 | 0.05 |
| Poland | 3.64 | 4.07 | 0.43 | 4.60 | 5.29 | 0.69 | 4.40 | 4.74 | 0.34 |
| Romania | 3.32 | 3.66 | 0.34 | 4.63 | 4.51 | -0.11 | 4.09 | 3.64 | -0.44 |
| Slovakia | 3.98 | 3.43 | -0.55 | 4.96 | 5.54 | 0.58 | 4.32 | 3.59 | -0.73 |
| Slovenia | 4.26 | 3.93 | -0.33 | 5.02 | 5.12 | 0.10 | 4.34 | 3.87 | -0.47 |
| Germany | 5.68 | 5.22 | -0.46 | 6.19 | 5.97 | -0.22 | 6.23 | 5.41 | -0.81 |
| Spain | 4.38 | 3.94 | -0.44 | 5.42 | 5.61 | 0.19 | 4.51 | 4.10 | -0.41 |
| Sweden | 5.48 | 5.58 | 0.10 | 5.72 | 5.46 | -0.26 | 4.78 | 4.63 | -0.15 |
| UK | 5.50 | 5.46 | -0.04 | 6.07 | 6.02 | -0.05 | 5.91 | 4.91 | -1.01 |
| gci_effec | gci_tax | gci_domcom | |||||||
| Bulgaria | 3.18 | 3.59 | 0.41 | 43.5 | 27.0 | -16.5 | 3.69 | 4.45 | 0.76 |
| Croatia | 3.47 | 3.48 | 0.01 | 37.1 | 18.8 | -18.3 | 3.85 | 4.12 | 0.27 |
| Czech Republic | 4.92 | 4.14 | -0.78 | 51.8 | 48.5 | -3.3 | 4.51 | 4.64 | 0.13 |
| Estonia | 4.87 | 4.58 | -0.28 | 51.3 | 49.3 | -2.0 | 4.88 | 5.05 | 0.17 |
| Hungary | 4.69 | 3.54 | -1.15 | 60.6 | 48.0 | -12.6 | 4.38 | 4.37 | -0.01 |
| Latvia | 3.97 | 4.02 | 0.05 | 42.6 | 35.0 | -7.6 | 4.48 | 4.79 | 0.31 |
| Lithuania | 4.17 | 3.97 | -0.20 | 52.3 | 42.6 | -9.7 | 4.24 | 4.73 | 0.49 |
| Poland | 4.16 | 4.02 | -0.14 | 38.4 | 38.7 | 0.3 | 4.30 | 4.66 | 0.35 |
| Romania | 3.51 | 3.66 | 0.15 | 57.7 | 43.2 | -14.5 | 4.14 | 4.38 | 0.24 |
| Slovakia | 4.22 | 3.56 | -0.67 | 51.0 | 48.6 | -2.4 | 4.56 | 4.35 | -0.21 |
| Slovenia | 4.22 | 3.82 | -0.41 | 39.4 | 32.0 | -7.4 | 4.24 | 4.60 | 0.36 |
| Germany | 6.19 | 5.09 | -1.11 | 57.7 | 48.8 | -8.9 | 5.09 | 5.05 | -0.04 |
| Spain | 4.70 | 4.15 | -0.55 | 59.1 | 58.2 | -0.9 | 4.41 | 4.47 | 0.06 |
| Sweden | 5.51 | 5.24 | -0.27 | 57.0 | 49.4 | -7.6 | 4.94 | 5.07 | 0.13 |
| UK | 6.01 | 5.18 | -0.83 | 35.5 | 33.7 | -1.8 | 5.43 | 5.34 | -0.09 |
| gci_tradeb | gci_forown | gci_busimp | |||||||
| Bulgaria | 4.27 | 4.10 | -0.16 | 4.23 | 4.04 | -0.19 | 3.86 | 3.78 | -0.08 |
| Croatia | 4.64 | 4.88 | 0.24 | 4.77 | 4.01 | -0.76 | 4.34 | 3.10 | -1.25 |
| Czech Republic | 5.30 | 4.65 | -0.65 | 5.94 | 6.02 | 0.08 | 5.67 | 4.98 | -0.70 |
| Estonia | 5.60 | 4.65 | -0.95 | 5.72 | 5.76 | 0.04 | 6.01 | 5.40 | -0.61 |
| Hungary | 5.60 | 4.54 | -1.06 | 5.93 | 5.26 | -0.67 | 5.72 | 4.65 | -1.07 |
| Latvia | 4.78 | 4.69 | -0.09 | 5.31 | 5.25 | -0.06 | 4.98 | 5.07 | 0.08 |
| Lithuania | 4.68 | 4.13 | -0.54 | 4.95 | 4.37 | -0.58 | 4.64 | 4.35 | -0.29 |
| Poland | 4.41 | 4.35 | -0.06 | 4.73 | 5.02 | 0.29 | 4.47 | 4.57 | 0.10 |
| Romania | 4.27 | 4.50 | 0.22 | 4.64 | 4.27 | -0.37 | 4.70 | 4.66 | -0.05 |
| Slovakia | 5.77 | 4.61 | -1.16 | 6.32 | 6.05 | -0.27 | 6.33 | 5.01 | -1.33 |
| Slovenia | 5.45 | 4.48 | -0.96 | 4.30 | 3.27 | -1.03 | 4.11 | 3.43 | -0.67 |
| Germany | 5.64 | 4.35 | -1.29 | 5.96 | 4.94 | -1.02 | 5.68 | 4.88 | -0.80 |
| Spain | 4.98 | 4.17 | -0.81 | 5.52 | 4.99 | -0.53 | 5.46 | 4.61 | -0.86 |
| Sweden | 5.89 | 4.65 | -1.24 | 6.00 | 5.10 | -0.90 | 5.75 | 5.49 | -0.26 |
| UK | 5.31 | 4.65 | -0.66 | 6.27 | 6.17 | -0.10 | 6.09 | 5.87 | -0.22 |
| gci_forcom | gci_com | gci_marsize | |||||||
| Bulgaria | 3.89 | 4.78 | 0.90 | 3.75 | 4.55 | 0.80 | 4.12 | 3.91 | -0.20 |
| Croatia | 4.34 | 4.67 | 0.33 | 3.98 | 4.25 | 0.27 | 3.85 | 3.59 | -0.26 |
| Czech Republic | 5.13 | 5.63 | 0.49 | 4.69 | 4.95 | 0.26 | 4.55 | 4.47 | -0.09 |
| Estonia | 5.33 | 5.78 | 0.45 | 5.03 | 5.29 | 0.26 | 3.36 | 3.09 | -0.27 |
| Hungary | 5.19 | 5.46 | 0.27 | 4.61 | 4.72 | 0.10 | 4.52 | 4.32 | -0.19 |
| Latvia | 4.69 | 5.35 | 0.66 | 4.54 | 4.95 | 0.41 | 3.49 | 3.24 | -0.24 |
| Lithuania | 4.55 | 5.13 | 0.59 | 4.33 | 4.86 | 0.53 | 3.78 | 3.61 | -0.17 |
| Poland | 4.27 | 4.96 | 0.69 | 4.30 | 4.73 | 0.43 | 5.06 | 5.16 | 0.10 |
| Romania | 3.73 | 4.80 | 1.07 | 4.04 | 4.48 | 0.44 | 4.58 | 4.57 | -0.01 |
| Slovakia | 5.51 | 5.63 | 0.13 | 4.85 | 4.76 | -0.09 | 4.16 | 4.03 | -0.14 |
| Slovenia | 4.49 | 4.89 | 0.40 | 4.31 | 4.69 | 0.38 | 3.67 | 3.39 | -0.28 |
| Germany | 4.99 | 4.97 | -0.03 | 5.07 | 5.03 | -0.04 | 6.00 | 6.02 | 0.02 |
| Spain | 4.70 | 4.73 | 0.02 | 4.47 | 4.52 | 0.06 | 5.52 | 5.42 | -0.10 |
| Sweden | 5.10 | 5.25 | 0.15 | 4.98 | 5.11 | 0.13 | 4.64 | 4.64 | -0.01 |
| UK | 5.04 | 5.34 | 0.30 | 5.35 | 5.34 | -0.02 | 5.83 | 5.74 | -0.08 |
| gci_compind | wdi_costbusi | wdi_taxpaym | |||||||
| Bulgaria | 3.98 | 4.32 | 0.34 | 9.6 | 0.7 | -8.9 | 29 | 14 | -15 |
| Croatia | 4.16 | 4.07 | -0.09 | 12.7 | 3.3 | -9.4 | 40 | 19 | -21 |
| Czech Republic | 4.67 | 4.69 | 0.02 | 9.5 | 6.7 | -2.8 | 27 | 8 | -19 |
| Estonia | 4.82 | 4.74 | -0.09 | 6.2 | 1.3 | -4.9 | 7 | 8 | 1 |
| Hungary | 4.49 | 4.25 | -0.25 | 22.4 | 7.3 | -15.1 | 13 | 11 | -2 |
| Latvia | 4.47 | 4.45 | -0.02 | 4.2 | 1.5 | -2.7 | 29 | 7 | -22 |
| Lithuania | 4.49 | 4.55 | 0.06 | 3.3 | 0.6 | -2.7 | 11 | 11 | 0 |
| Poland | 4.39 | 4.49 | 0.11 | 19.9 | 12.2 | -7.7 | 41 | 7 | -34 |
| Romania | 3.98 | 4.32 | 0.34 | 5.3 | 2.0 | -3.3 | 108 | 14 | -94 |
| Slovakia | 4.54 | 4.22 | -0.32 | 5.0 | 1.5 | -3.5 | 32 | 10 | -22 |
| Slovenia | 4.48 | 4.28 | -0.20 | 12.0 | 0.0 | -12.0 | 22 | 10 | -12 |
| Germany | 5.48 | 5.53 | 0.05 | 4.7 | 1.8 | -2.9 | 12 | 9 | -3 |
| Spain | 4.70 | 4.59 | -0.11 | 16.5 | 5.2 | -11.3 | 8 | 9 | 1 |
| Sweden | 5.44 | 5.43 | -0.01 | 0.7 | 0.5 | -0.2 | 6 | 6 | 0 |
| UK | 5.56 | 5.43 | -0.13 | 0.7 | 0.1 | -0.6 | 8 | 8 | 0 |
| wdi_timeenfor | wdi_timeregpro | wdi_timestartbu | |||||||
| Bulgaria | 564 | 564 | 0 | 19 | 11 | -8 | 32 | 18 | -14 |
| Croatia | 561 | 572 | 11 | 956 | 62 | -894 | 29 | 12 | -17 |
| Czech Republic | 653 | 611 | -42 | 124 | 31 | -93 | 40 | 15 | -25 |
| Estonia | 425 | 425 | 0 | 51 | 18 | -33 | 35 | 4 | -32 |
| Hungary | 335 | 395 | 60 | 78 | 17 | -61 | 38 | 5 | -33 |
| Latvia | 279 | 469 | 190 | 55 | 17 | -39 | 16 | 6 | -11 |
| Lithuania | 210 | 300 | 90 | 3 | 3 | -1 | 26 | 4 | -23 |
| Poland | 980 | 685 | -295 | 195 | 33 | -162 | 46 | 30 | -16 |
| Romania | 537 | 512 | -25 | 77 | 19 | -58 | 11 | 8 | -3 |
| Slovakia | 565 | 705 | 140 | 17 | 17 | -1 | 27 | 12 | -16 |
| Slovenia | 1350 | 1160 | -190 | 391 | 50 | -342 | 60 | 6 | -54 |
| Germany | 394 | 429 | 35 | 40 | 39 | -1 | 22 | 11 | -12 |
| Spain | 515 | 510 | -5 | 20 | 13 | -8 | 70 | 14 | -56 |
| Sweden | 508 | 321 | -187 | 15 | 14 | -1 | 16 | 7 | -9 |
| UK | 404 | 437 | 33 | 42 | 22 | -20 | 12 | 5 | -8 |
| wdi_timepaytax | eur_enterman | eur_entertot | |||||||
| Bulgaria | 586 | 423 | -163 | 4 042 | 4 142 | 99 | 36 932 | 43 247 | 6 314 |
| Croatia | 232 | 206 | -26 | 5 428 | 4 858 | -570 | 37 725 | 34 454 | -3 271 |
| Czech Republic | 930 | 405 | -525 | 14 613 | 15 949 | 1 335 | 87 368 | 94 038 | 6 671 |
| Estonia | 81 | 81 | 0 | 4 097 | 4 841 | 744 | 37 818 | 47 504 | 9 686 |
| Hungary | 340 | 277 | -63 | 5 613 | 4 799 | -814 | 57 115 | 50 524 | -6 590 |
| Latvia | 280 | 193 | -87 | 3 439 | 4 739 | 1 299 | 35 324 | 48 256 | 12 932 |
| Lithuania | 166 | 171 | 5 | 4 930 | 5 450 | 520 | 43 620 | 51 815 | 8 195 |
| Poland | 420 | 271 | -149 | 4 974 | 4 585 | -389 | 40 824 | 39 259 | -1 565 |
| Romania | 190 | 159 | -31 | 2 790 | 2 340 | -450 | 24 657 | 21 825 | -2 832 |
| Slovakia | 325 | 188 | -137 | 1 502 | 11 676 | 10 174 | 11 657 | 72 635 | 60 979 |
| Slovenia | 260 | 245 | -15 | 8 581 | 8 810 | 229 | 53 275 | 61 536 | 8 261 |
| Germany | 196 | 218 | 22 | 2 380 | 2 469 | 89 | 22 973 | 26 702 | 3 729 |
| Spain | 298 | 158 | -140 | 4 515 | 3 624 | -892 | 61 241 | 50 514 | -10 727 |
| Sweden | 122 | 122 | 0 | 5 895 | 5 592 | -303 | 62 998 | 69 053 | 6 055 |
| UK | 105 | 110 | 5 | 2 133 | 1 995 | -138 | 28 000 | 27 786 | -213 |