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Figure 1
Shoots extracted from five-day-old wheat seedlings raised from control and hypergravity treated seeds.
Figure 2
Photosynthesis parameters such as (a) rate of photosynthesis (PN), (b) intracellular CO2 concentration (Cint), (c) transpiration rate (Evap), and (d) stomatal conductance (Gs) in five-day-old seedlings raised from controls and hypergravity-exposed seeds.
Figure 3
Kautsky fluorescence induction curves for control and hypergravity samples (Set 1: Control, Set 2: 200 g, Set 3: 400 g, Set 4: 600 g, Set 5: 800 g and Set 6: 1,000 g) obtained from Handy PEA instrument.
Figure 4
A typical Kautsky fluorescence induction curve adapted from Strasser et al. 1995; Xia et al., 2019.
Figure 5
Schematic diagram showing the declined effect on growth and photosynthesis in response to the stimulus of hypergravity. Average percentage decrease in growth (values in red) and rate of photosynthesis, PN (values in green) with an increase in hypergravity (g) value as compared with control in wheat with ambient environmental conditions, i.e., temperature 30 ± 2°C, relative humidity 40 ± 5%. THL and THH indicate the lower threshold and the higher threshold at 400 g and 1,000 g, respectively.