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Comparative Responses to Squats Completed with Free Weights and an Exoskeleton

,

Chris Jumonville

Chris Jumonville

,

Rachel A. Perry

Rachel A. Perry

,

,

,

,

William T. Potter

William T. Potter

oraz

| 17 lip 2020

Gravitational and Space Research's Cover Image

Gravitational and Space Research

Tom 4 (2016): Zeszyt 1 (July 2016)

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Article Category: Research Article

Data publikacji: 17 lip 2020

Zakres stron: 51 - 63

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2016-0005

Słowa kluczowe
Robotics, Flight Hardware, Countermeasures, Exercise, Strength Loss, Muscle Atrophy, Physiology, Perceptual, Validity, Familiarization

© 2016 Peter Neuhaus et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Side, front, and rearview images of the IHMC robotic exoskeleton. In a typical exercise configuration, it connects to the user's torso like a hiking backpack—over the shoulders and around the waist. In the linkages paralleling the user's legs are motorized, computer-controlled actuators. In operation, these actuators try to fold up, or collapse, putting a compressive load between the user's feet and torso. This force is similar to carrying a heavy backpack, or replicating a weightlifting squat exercise.

Subjects as they appeared at the start of exercise done on the exoskeleton. On the subject's left leg is an EMG electrode, over the nose and mouth is a mask for quantifying O2 consumption, and on the torso (not visible) is a heart rate monitor with receiver on the left wrist.

Metabolic, HR, and RPE results, whereby dependent variable values from the exoskeleton and free weight workouts were compared to note the degree of similarity. Included are the number of subjects (n) who provided paired values for analysis.

Dependent variable	r	t-tests	Cohen's d	n
pre-exercise [BLa⁻]	0.01	0.11	0.04	14
post-exercise [BLa⁻]	0.51	0.56	0.26	14
pre-exercise [C]	0.07	0.32	0.13	14
post-exercise [C]	0.24	0.80	0.30	14
peak O₂	0.14	1.94	0.73	14
pre-exercise HR	0.57	1.50	0.37	14
post-set 1 HR	0.61	3.10	0.70	14
post-set 2 HR	0.79	3.80*	0.65	14
post-set 3 HR	0.55	1.50	0.38	14
post-set 4 HR	0.50	3.10	0.79	14
post-exercise HR	0.78	1.70	0.37	14
RPE	0.51	5.40*	1.17	14

Metabolic, heart rate (HR), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) data from exoskeleton and free weight workouts. Sets 1–4 entailed heavier loads (22.5, 34, 45.5, and 57 kg, respectively) for each workout.

Dependent variable (units)	Exoskeleton workout		Free weight workout
Dependent variable (units)	mean ± sd	range	mean ± sd	range
pre-exercise [BLa⁻] (mmol · L⁻¹)	1.7 ± 0.8	0.8 – 3.7	1.8 ± 0.9	0.9 – 3.7
post-exercise [BLa⁻] (mmol · L⁻¹)	2.4 ± 1.4	1.0 – 6.1	2.1 ± 1.0	1.0 – 3.9
pre-exercise [C] (μg · dl⁻¹)	0.21 ± 0.08	0.10 – 0.37	0.22 ± 0.08	0.10 – 0.42
post-exercise [C] (μg · dl⁻¹)	0.25 ± 0.11	0.10 – 0.45	0.21 ± 0.15	0.10 – 0.76
peak O₂ (ml · min⁻¹)	1144 ± 174	909 – 1457	1278 ± 173	947 – 1535
pre-exercise HR (beats · min⁻¹)	65.1 ± 8.0	52 – 75	68.4 ± 9.7	46 – 80
post-set 1 HR (beats · min⁻¹)	94.8 ± 14.0	75 – 126	104.9 ± 13.4	84 – 126
post-set 2 HR (beats · min⁻¹)	101.1 ± 12.9	83 – 125	111.1 ± 16.3	80 – 134
post-set 3 HR (beats · min⁻¹)	110.6 ± 18.2	83 – 151	117.2 ± 17.1	81 – 140
post-set 4 HR (beats · min⁻¹)	107.4 ± 17.7	82 – 146	123.4 ± 20.0	89 – 153
post-exercise HR (beats · min⁻¹)	78.6 ± 16.0	58 – 115	77.4 ± 14.2	51 – 109
RPE	6.3 ± 1.5	3 – 8	4.1 ± 1.5	2 – 7.5

Accelerometry and EMG data from exoskeleton and free weight workouts. Sets 1–4 entailed heavier loads (22.5, 34, 45.5, and 57 kg, respectively) per workout.

Dependent variable (units)	Exoskeleton workout		Free weight workout
Dependent variable (units)	mean ± sd	range	mean ± sd	range
Peak force set 1 (newtons)	283 ± 25	257 – 338	329 ± 55	213 – 440
Peak velocity set 1 (cm · sec⁻¹)	71 ± 31	39 – 118	96 ± 13	81 – 122
Peak power set 1 (watts)	169 ± 78	85 – 317	247 ± 52	187 – 349
Peak EMG set 1 (μV)	521 ± 143	275 – 680	322 ± 101	170 – 500
Peak force set 2 (newtons)	443 ± 43	390 – 514	486 ± 122	201 – 663
Peak velocity set 2 (cm · sec⁻¹)	69 ± 24	38 – 124	89 ± 27	53 – 140
Peak power set 2 (watts)	251 ± 99	129 – 476	322 ± 89	180 – 479
Peak EMG set 2 (μV)	413 ± 231	95 – 700	350 ± 238	110 – 810
Peak force set 3 (newtons)	618 ± 70	531 – 789	673 ± 151	358 – 879
Peak velocity set 3 (cm · sec⁻¹)	413 ± 231	95 – 700	350 ± 238	110 – 810
Peak power set 3 (watts)	352 ± 153	135 – 576	394 ± 95	282 – 531
Peak EMG set 3 (μV)	616 ± 306	300 – 1100	511 ± 321	130 – 1100
Peak force set 4 (newtons)	761 ± 101	657 – 1060	752 ± 125	479 – 1030
Peak velocity set 4 (cm · sec⁻¹)	77 ± 28	37 – 124	86 ± 30	30 – 124
Peak power set 4 (watts)	387 ± 111	220 – 591	526 ± 202	170 – 734
Peak EMG set 4 (μV)	645 ± 331	100 – 1005	550 ± 378	80 – 1270

Accelerometry and EMG results, whereby dependent variables from the exoskeleton and free weight workouts were compared to note the degree of similarity. Included are the number of subjects (n) who provided paired values for analysis.

Dependent variable	r	t-tests	Cohen's d	n
Peak force set 1	0.44	2.20	0.95	14
Peak velocity set 1	0.34	2.40	0.91	13
Peak power set 1	0.01	2.40	1.02	11
Peak EMG set 1	0.66	2.30	1.31	11
Peak force set 2	0.01	1.00	0.47	14
Peak velocity set 2	0.20	1.50	0.73	13
Peak power set 2	0.73	2.70	0.71	11
Peak EMG set 2	0.05	0.20	0.46	11
Peak force set 3	0.55	0.90	0.47	14
Peak velocity set 3	0.31	2.30	0.55	13
Peak power set 3	0.46	0.00	0.32	13
Peak EMG set 3	0.12	0.30	0.16	13
Peak force set 4	0.50	0.30	0.08	14
Peak velocity set 4	0.38	0.70	0.32	13
Peak power set 4	0.01	1.44	0.82	13
Peak EMG set 4	0.28	0.01	0.27	13

eISSN:: 2332-7774
Język:: Angielski

Częstotliwość wydawania:: 2 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:: Life Sciences, other, Materials Sciences, Physics

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