Otwarty dostęp

Depression in adolescents exposed to war trauma Risk factors for development of depression in adolescents exposed to war trauma: does PTSD matter?


Zacytuj

Adams, Z. W., Danielson, C. K., Sumner, J. A., McCauley, J. L., Cohen, J. R., & Ruggiero, K. J. (2015). Comorbidity of PTSD, Major Depression, and Substance Use Disorder Among Adolescent Victims of the Spring 2011 Tornadoes in Alabama and Joplin, Missouri. Psychiatry, 78(2), 170–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2015.1051448AdamsZ. W.DanielsonC. K.SumnerJ. A.McCauleyJ. L.CohenJ. R.RuggieroK. J.2015Comorbidity of PTSD, Major Depression, and Substance Use Disorder Among Adolescent Victims of the Spring 2011 Tornadoes in Alabama and Joplin, MissouriPsychiatry782170185https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2015.1051448Search in Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: Author.American Psychiatric Association2000Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TRWashington, DCAuthorSearch in Google Scholar

Ayazi, T., Lien, L., Eide, A. H., Ruom, M. M., & Hauff, E. (2012). What are the risk factors for the comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in a war-affected population? A cross-sectional community study in South Sudan. BMC Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-175AyaziT.LienL.EideA. H.RuomM. M.HauffE.2012What are the risk factors for the comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in a war-affected population? A cross-sectional community study in South SudanBMC Psychiatryhttps://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-17510.1186/1471-244X-12-175Search in Google Scholar

Banks, D. M., & Weems, C. F. (2014). Family and peer social support and their links to psychological distress among hurricane-exposed minority youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000006BanksD. M.WeemsC. F.2014Family and peer social support and their links to psychological distress among hurricane-exposed minority youthAmerican Journal of Orthopsychiatryhttps://doi.org/10.1037/ort000000610.1037/ort0000006Search in Google Scholar

Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1995). The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Journal of Traumatic Stress. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02105408BlakeD. D.WeathersF. W.NagyL. M.KaloupekD. G.GusmanF. D.CharneyD. S.KeaneT. M.1995The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD ScaleJournal of Traumatic Stresshttps://doi.org/10.1007/BF0210540810.1002/jts.2490080106Search in Google Scholar

Bryant, R. A., Edwards, B., Creamer, M., O’Donnell, M., Forbes, D., Felmingham, K. L., ... & Van Hooff, M. (2018). The effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on refugees’ parenting and their children's mental health: a cohort study. The Lancet Public Health, 3(5), e249–e258.BryantR. A.EdwardsB.CreamerM.O’DonnellM.ForbesD.FelminghamK. L.Van HooffM.2018The effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on refugees’ parenting and their children's mental health: a cohort studyThe Lancet Public Health35e249e25810.1016/S2468-2667(18)30051-3Search in Google Scholar

Cénat, J. M., & Derivois, D. (2015). Long-term outcomes among child and adolescent survivors of the 2010 Haitian earthquake. Depression and Anxiety. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22275CénatJ. M.DerivoisD.2015Long-term outcomes among child and adolescent survivors of the 2010 Haitian earthquakeDepression and Anxietyhttps://doi.org/10.1002/da.2227510.1002/da.22275Search in Google Scholar

Charlson, F., van Ommeren, M., Flaxman, A., Cornett, J., Whiteford, H., & Saxena, S. (2019). New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30934-1CharlsonF.van OmmerenM.FlaxmanA.CornettJ.WhitefordH.SaxenaS.2019New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysisThe Lancethttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30934-110.1016/S0140-6736(19)30934-1Search in Google Scholar

Cheng, J., Liang, Y., Fu, L., & Liu, Z. (2018). Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in children after the Wenchuan earthquake. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 9(sup2), 1472992. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1472992ChengJ.LiangY.FuL.LiuZ.2018Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in children after the Wenchuan earthquakeEuropean Journal of Psychotraumatology9sup21472992https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.147299210.1080/20008198.2018.1472992Search in Google Scholar

Duncan, L., Ratanatharathorn, A., Aiello, A. et al. Largest GWAS of PTSD (N=20 070) yields genetic overlap with schizophrenia and sex differences in heritability. Mol Psychiatry 23, 666–673 (2018) doi: 10.1038/mp.2017.77DuncanL.RatanatharathornA.AielloA.Largest GWAS of PTSD (N=20 070) yields genetic overlap with schizophrenia and sex differences in heritabilityMol Psychiatry23666673201810.1038/mp.2017.77Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fazel, M., Reed, R. V., Panter-Brick, C., & Stein, A. (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: Risk and protective factors. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60051-2FazelM.ReedR. V.Panter-BrickC.SteinA.2012Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: Risk and protective factorsThe Lancethttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60051-210.1016/S0140-6736(11)60051-2Search in Google Scholar

Geltman, P. L., Grant-Knight, W., Mehta, S. D., Lloyd-Travaglini, C., Lustig, S., Landgraf, J. M., & Wise, P. H. (2005). The “Lost Boys of Sudan”: Functional and behavioral health of unaccompanied refugee minors resettled in the United States. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.159.6.585GeltmanP. L.Grant-KnightW.MehtaS. D.Lloyd-TravagliniC.LustigS.LandgrafJ. M.WiseP. H.2005The “Lost Boys of Sudan”: Functional and behavioral health of unaccompanied refugee minors resettled in the United StatesArchives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicinehttps://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.159.6.58510.1001/archpedi.159.6.58515939860Search in Google Scholar

Goldbeck, L., Muche, R., Sachser, C., Tutus, D., & Rosner, R. (2016). Effectiveness of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Eight German Mental Health Clinics. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442824GoldbeckL.MucheR.SachserC.TutusD.RosnerR.2016Effectiveness of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Eight German Mental Health ClinicsPsychotherapy and Psychosomaticshttps://doi.org/10.1159/00044282410.1159/00044282427043952Search in Google Scholar

Gros, D. F., Price, M., Magruder, K. M., & Frueh, B. C. (2012). Symptom overlap in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression. Psychiatry Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.10.022GrosD. F.PriceM.MagruderK. M.FruehB. C.2012Symptom overlap in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressionPsychiatry Researchhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.10.02210.1016/j.psychres.2011.10.022341531422386220Search in Google Scholar

Jensen, T. K., Holt, T., & Ormhaug, S. M. (2017). A Follow-Up Study from a Multisite, Randomized Controlled Trial for Traumatized Children Receiving TF-CBT. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0270-0JensenT. K.HoltT.OrmhaugS. M.2017A Follow-Up Study from a Multisite, Randomized Controlled Trial for Traumatized Children Receiving TF-CBTJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology111https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0270-010.1007/s10802-017-0270-028124224Search in Google Scholar

Joshi, P. T., & Fayyad, J. A. (2015). Displaced Children: The psychological implications. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 24(4), 715–730.JoshiP. T.FayyadJ. A.2015Displaced Children: The psychological implicationsChild and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America24471573010.1016/j.chc.2015.06.00326346385Search in Google Scholar

Kar, N., & Bastia, B. K. (2006). Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and generalised anxiety disorder in adolescents after a natural disaster: A study of comorbidity. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-0179-2-17KarN.BastiaB. K.2006Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and generalised anxiety disorder in adolescents after a natural disaster: A study of comorbidityClinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Healthhttps://doi.org/10.1186/1745-0179-2-1710.1186/1745-0179-2-17156346216869979Search in Google Scholar

Karam, E. G., Mneimneh, Z. N., Dimassi, H., Fayyad, J. A., Karam, A. N., Nasser, S. C., … Kessler, R. C. (2008). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in Lebanon: First onset, treatment, and exposure to war. PLoS Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050061KaramE. G.MneimnehZ. N.DimassiH.FayyadJ. A.KaramA. N.NasserS. C.KesslerR. C.2008Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in Lebanon: First onset, treatment, and exposure to warPLoS Medicinehttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.005006110.1371/journal.pmed.0050061227652318384228Search in Google Scholar

Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., … Ryan, N. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021KaufmanJ.BirmaherB.BrentD.RaoU.FlynnC.MoreciP.RyanN.1997Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity dataJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatryhttps://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199707000-0002110.1097/00004583-199707000-000219204677Search in Google Scholar

Kien, C., Sommer, I., Faustmann, A., Gibson, L., Schneider, M., Krczal, E., … Gartlehner, G. (2019). Prevalence of mental disorders in young refugees and asylum seekers in European Countries: a systematic review. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1215-zKienC.SommerI.FaustmannA.GibsonL.SchneiderM.KrczalE.GartlehnerG.2019Prevalence of mental disorders in young refugees and asylum seekers in European Countries: a systematic reviewEuropean Child and Adolescent Psychiatryhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1215-z10.1007/s00787-018-1215-z678557930151800Search in Google Scholar

Lai, B. S., La Greca, A. M., Auslander, B. A., & Short, M. B. (2013). Children's symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression after a natural disaster: Comorbidity and risk factors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 146(1), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.08.041LaiB. S.La GrecaA. M.AuslanderB. A.ShortM. B.2013Children's symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression after a natural disaster: Comorbidity and risk factorsJournal of Affective Disorders14617178https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.08.04110.1016/j.jad.2012.08.041364041922974469Search in Google Scholar

Lenz, A. S., & Hollenbaugh, K. M. (2015). Meta-analysis of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for treating PTSD and co-occurring depression among children and adolescents. Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation, 6,18–32.LenzA. S.HollenbaughK. M.2015Meta-analysis of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for treating PTSD and co-occurring depression among children and adolescentsCounseling Outcome Research and Evaluation6183210.1177/2150137815573790Search in Google Scholar

Lester, P., Peterson, K., Reeves, J., Knauss, L., Glover, D., Mogil, C., Duan, N., Saltzman, W., Pynoos, R., Wilt, K., & Beardslee, W. (2010). The long war and parental combat deployment: Effects on military children and at-home spouses. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(4), 310–320. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201004000-00006LesterP.PetersonK.ReevesJ.KnaussL.GloverD.MogilC.DuanN.SaltzmanW.PynoosR.WiltK.BeardsleeW.2010The long war and parental combat deployment: Effects on military children and at-home spousesJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry494310320https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201004000-0000610.1097/00004583-201004000-00006Search in Google Scholar

Mannarino, A. P., Cohen, J. A., Deblinger, E., Runyon, M. K., & Steer, R. A. (2012). Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Children: Sustained Impact of Treatment 6 and 12 Months Later. Child Maltreatment. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559512451787MannarinoA. P.CohenJ. A.DeblingerE.RunyonM. K.SteerR. A.2012Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Children: Sustained Impact of Treatment 6 and 12 Months LaterChild Maltreatmenthttps://doi.org/10.1177/107755951245178710.1177/1077559512451787878775522763575Search in Google Scholar

Mangelli, L., Fava, G. A., Grandi, S., Grassi, L., Ottolini, F., Porcelli, P., … Sonino, N. (2005). Assessing demoralization and depression in the setting of medical disease. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v66n0317MangelliL.FavaG. A.GrandiS.GrassiL.OttoliniF.PorcelliP.SoninoN.2005Assessing demoralization and depression in the setting of medical diseaseJournal of Clinical Psychiatryhttps://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v66n031710.4088/JCP.v66n031715766307Search in Google Scholar

McLean, C. P., Morris, S. H., Conklin, P., Jayawickreme, N., & Foa, E. B. (2014). Trauma Characteristics and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Journal of Family Violence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-014-9613-6McLeanC. P.MorrisS. H.ConklinP.JayawickremeN.FoaE. B.2014Trauma Characteristics and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Sexual AbuseJournal of Family Violencehttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-014-9613-610.1007/s10896-014-9613-6411608525089075Search in Google Scholar

Myles, P., Swenshon, S., Haase, K., Szeles, T., Jung, C., Jacobi, F., & Rath, B. (2018). A comparative analysis of psychological trauma experienced by children and young adults in two scenarios: evacuation after a natural disaster vs forced migration to escape armed conflict. Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.03.012MylesP.SwenshonS.HaaseK.SzelesT.JungC.JacobiF.RathB.2018A comparative analysis of psychological trauma experienced by children and young adults in two scenarios: evacuation after a natural disaster vs forced migration to escape armed conflictPublic Healthhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.03.01210.1016/j.puhe.2018.03.01229628203Search in Google Scholar

Nader, K. O., Kriegler, J. A., Blake, D. D., Pynoos, R. S., Newman, E., & Weather, F. W. (1996). Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, Child and Adolescent Version. White River Junction, VT: National Center for PTSD.NaderK. O.KrieglerJ. A.BlakeD. D.PynoosR. S.NewmanE.WeatherF. W.1996Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, Child and Adolescent VersionWhite River Junction, VT: National Center for PTSD10.1037/t08962-000Search in Google Scholar

Nanni, V., Uher, R., & Danese, A. (2012). Childhood maltreatment predicts unfavorable course of illness and treatment outcome in depression: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11020335NanniV.UherR.DaneseA.2012Childhood maltreatment predicts unfavorable course of illness and treatment outcome in depression: A meta-analysisAmerican Journal of Psychiatryhttps://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.1102033510.1176/appi.ajp.2011.1102033522420036Search in Google Scholar

Pejuskovic, B., Lecic-Tosevski, D., & Toskovic, O. (2020). Longitudinal study of PTSD and depression in a war-exposed sample – comorbidity increases distress and suicide risk. Global Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.2478/gp-2020-0004PejuskovicB.Lecic-TosevskiD.ToskovicO.2020Longitudinal study of PTSD and depression in a war-exposed sample – comorbidity increases distress and suicide riskGlobal Psychiatryhttps://doi.org/10.2478/gp-2020-000410.2478/gp-2020-0004Search in Google Scholar

Perkins, J. D., Ajeeb, M., Fadel, L., & Saleh, G. (2018). Mental health in Syrian children with a focus on post-traumatic stress: a cross-sectional study from Syrian schools. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1573-3PerkinsJ. D.AjeebM.FadelL.SalehG.2018Mental health in Syrian children with a focus on post-traumatic stress: a cross-sectional study from Syrian schoolsSocial Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiologyhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1573-310.1007/s00127-018-1573-3620894130083987Search in Google Scholar

Post, L. M., Zoellner, L. A., Youngstrom, E., & Feeny, N. C. (2011). Understanding the relationship between co-occurring PTSD and MDD: Symptom severity and affect. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.08.003PostL. M.ZoellnerL. A.YoungstromE.FeenyN. C.2011Understanding the relationship between co-occurring PTSD and MDD: Symptom severity and affectJournal of Anxiety Disordershttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.08.00310.1016/j.janxdis.2011.08.003319626821899984Search in Google Scholar

Poznanski, E. O., & Mokros, H. B. (1996). Children's depression rating scale, revised (CDRS-R). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.PoznanskiE. O.MokrosH. B.1996Children's depression rating scale, revised (CDRS-R)Los AngelesWestern Psychological ServicesSearch in Google Scholar

Priebe, S., Matanov, A., Janković Gavrilović, J., McCrone, P., Ljubotina, D., Knežević, G., … Schützwohl, M. (2009). Consequences of Untreated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following War in Former Yugoslavia: Morbidity, Subjective Quality of Life, and Care Costs. Croatian Medical Journal. https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2009.50.465PriebeS.MatanovA.Janković GavrilovićJ.McCroneP.LjubotinaD.KneževićG.SchützwohlM.2009Consequences of Untreated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following War in Former Yugoslavia: Morbidity, Subjective Quality of Life, and Care CostsCroatian Medical Journalhttps://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2009.50.46510.3325/cmj.2009.50.465276573519839070Search in Google Scholar

Punamaki, R. L., Palosaari, E., Diab, M., Peltonen, K., & Qouta, S. R. (2014). Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) after major war among Palestinian children: Trauma, family- and child-related predictors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.021PunamakiR. L.PalosaariE.DiabM.PeltonenK.QoutaS. R.2014Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) after major war among Palestinian children: Trauma, family- and child-related predictorsJournal of Affective Disorders172133140https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.02110.1016/j.jad.2014.09.02125451407Search in Google Scholar

Ramsawh, H. J., Fullerton, C. S., Mash, H. B. H., Ng, T. H. H., Kessler, R. C., Stein, M. B., & Ursano, R. J. (2014). Risk for suicidal behaviors associated with PTSD, depression, and their comorbidity in the US Army. Journal of Affective Disorders, 161, 116–122.RamsawhH. J.FullertonC. S.MashH. B. H.NgT. H. H.KesslerR. C.SteinM. B.UrsanoR. J.2014Risk for suicidal behaviors associated with PTSD, depression, and their comorbidity in the US ArmyJournal of Affective Disorders16111612210.1016/j.jad.2014.03.01624751318Search in Google Scholar

Razumkov Center in collaboration with the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches (2016). Religion, Church, Society and State: Two Years after Maidan. Retrieved from http://old.razumkov.org.ua/upload/Religiya_200516_A4.compressed.pdfRazumkov Center in collaboration with the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches2016Religion, Church, Society and State: Two Years after MaidanRetrieved from http://old.razumkov.org.ua/upload/Religiya_200516_A4.compressed.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

Reavell, J., & Fazil, Q. (2017). The epidemiology of PTSD and depression in refugee minors who have resettled in developed countries. Journal of Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2016.1222065ReavellJ.FazilQ.2017The epidemiology of PTSD and depression in refugee minors who have resettled in developed countriesJournal of Mental Healthhttps://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2016.122206510.1080/09638237.2016.122206527684305Search in Google Scholar

Ribbe, D. (1996). Psychometric review of traumatic event screening instrument for children (TESI-C). Measurement of Stress, Trauma, and Adaptation.RibbeD.1996Psychometric review of traumatic event screening instrument for children (TESI-C)Measurement of Stress, Trauma, and AdaptationSearch in Google Scholar

Salk, R. H., Hyde, J. S., & Abramson, L. Y. (2017). Gender differences in depression in representative national samples: Meta-analyses of diagnoses and symptoms. Psychological Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000102SalkR. H.HydeJ. S.AbramsonL. Y.2017Gender differences in depression in representative national samples: Meta-analyses of diagnoses and symptomsPsychological Bulletinhttps://doi.org/10.1037/bul000010210.1037/bul0000102553207428447828Search in Google Scholar

Salloum, A., Johnco, C., Smyth, K. M., Murphy, T. K., & Storch, E. A. (2018). Co-Occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among Young Children. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 49(3), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0764-6SalloumA.JohncoC.SmythK. M.MurphyT. K.StorchE. A.2018Co-Occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among Young ChildrenChild Psychiatry and Human Development493452459https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0764-610.1007/s10578-017-0764-629052121Search in Google Scholar

Sapienza, J. K., & Masten, A. S. (2011). Understanding and promoting resilience in children and youth. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834776a8SapienzaJ. K.MastenA. S.2011Understanding and promoting resilience in children and youthCurrent Opinion in Psychiatryhttps://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834776a810.1097/YCO.0b013e32834776a821546838Search in Google Scholar

Smoller, J. W. (2016). The Genetics of Stress-Related Disorders: PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.266SmollerJ. W.2016The Genetics of Stress-Related Disorders: PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety DisordersNeuropsychopharmacologyhttps://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.26610.1038/npp.2015.266467714726321314Search in Google Scholar

Suzuki, H., & Tomoda, A. (2015). Roles of attachment and self-esteem: Impact of early life stress on depressive symptoms among Japanese institutionalized children. BMC Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0385-1SuzukiH.TomodaA.2015Roles of attachment and self-esteem: Impact of early life stress on depressive symptoms among Japanese institutionalized childrenBMC Psychiatryhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0385-110.1186/s12888-015-0385-1432442125651759Search in Google Scholar

Tang, B., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Xue, C., & Zhang, L. (2014). A meta-analysis of risk factors for depression in adults and children after natural disasters. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 623. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-623TangB.LiuX.LiuY.XueC.ZhangL.2014A meta-analysis of risk factors for depression in adults and children after natural disastersBMC Public Health141623https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-62310.1186/1471-2458-14-623407764124941890Search in Google Scholar

Thabet, A. A. M., Abed, Y., & Vostanis, P. (2004). Comorbidity of PTSD and depression among refugee children during war conflict. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00243.xThabetA. A. M.AbedY.VostanisP.2004Comorbidity of PTSD and depression among refugee children during war conflictJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplineshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00243.x10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00243.x15055372Search in Google Scholar

Tural, Ü., Önder, E., & Aker, T. (2012). Effect of depression on recovery from PTSD. Community Mental Health Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-010-9359-4TuralÜ.ÖnderE.AkerT.2012Effect of depression on recovery from PTSDCommunity Mental Health Journalhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-010-9359-410.1007/s10597-010-9359-421052832Search in Google Scholar

United Nations General Assembly (2018). Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine (16 May to 15 August 2018). Retrieved from www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/ReportUkraineMay-August2018_EN.pdf.United Nations General Assembly2018Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine (16 May to 15 August 2018)Retrieved from www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/ReportUkraineMay-August2018_EN.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Valdez, C. E., Bailey, B. E., Santuzzi, A. M., & Lilly, M. M. (2014). Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Foster Youth Transitioning Into Adulthood: The Roles of Emotion Dysregulation and PTSD. Child Maltreatment, 19, 209–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559514551945ValdezC. E.BaileyB. E.SantuzziA. M.LillyM. M.2014Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Foster Youth Transitioning Into Adulthood: The Roles of Emotion Dysregulation and PTSDChild Maltreatment19209218https://doi.org/10.1177/107755951455194510.1177/107755951455194525248919Search in Google Scholar

van Harmelen, A. L., Gibson, J. L., St Clair, M. C., Owens, M., Brodbeck, J., Dunn, V., … Goodyer, I. M. (2016). Friendships and Family Support Reduce Subsequent Depressive Symptoms in At-Risk Adolescents. PloS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153715van HarmelenA. L.GibsonJ. L.St ClairM. C.OwensM.BrodbeckJ.DunnV.GoodyerI. M.2016Friendships and Family Support Reduce Subsequent Depressive Symptoms in At-Risk AdolescentsPloS Onehttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.015371510.1371/journal.pone.0153715485635327144447Search in Google Scholar

Völkl-Kernstock, S., Karnik, N., Mitterer-Asadi, M., Granditsch, E., Steiner, H., Friedrich, M. H., & Huemer, J. (2014). Responses to conflict, family loss and flight: Posttraumatic stress disorder among unaccompanied refugee minors from Africa. Neuropsychiatrie. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-013-0094-2Völkl-KernstockS.KarnikN.Mitterer-AsadiM.GranditschE.SteinerH.FriedrichM. H.HuemerJ.2014Responses to conflict, family loss and flight: Posttraumatic stress disorder among unaccompanied refugee minors from AfricaNeuropsychiatriehttps://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-013-0094-210.1007/s40211-013-0094-224500800Search in Google Scholar

Zalta, A. K., Bui, E., Karnik, N. S., Held, P., Laifer, L. M., Sager, J. C., … Ohye, B. (2018). Examining the Relationship Between Parent and Child Psychopathology in Treatment-Seeking Veterans. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0743-yZaltaA. K.BuiE.KarnikN. S.HeldP.LaiferL. M.SagerJ. C.OhyeB.2018Examining the Relationship Between Parent and Child Psychopathology in Treatment-Seeking VeteransChild Psychiatry and Human Developmenthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0743-y10.1007/s10578-017-0743-y577339428660407Search in Google Scholar

Zukerman, G., & Korn, L. (2014). Post-Traumatic Stress and World Assumptions: The Effects of Religious Coping. Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-013-9755-5ZukermanG.KornL.2014Post-Traumatic Stress and World Assumptions: The Effects of Religious CopingJournal of Religion and Healthhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-013-9755-510.1007/s10943-013-9755-523839068Search in Google Scholar