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Friend or Foe: Exploring the impact of UV-B irradiation in seedling stage and its subsequent effects on growth, quality and yield of lettuce plants

Ayse Onur

Ayse Onur

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz UniversityAntalya, Türkiye
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Yasin Topcu

Yasin Topcu

Department of Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research InstituteAntalya, Türkiye
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Ersin Polat

Ersin Polat

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz UniversityAntalya, Türkiye
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Polat, Ersin
  
16 sie 2025
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Kategoria artykułu: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Data publikacji: 16 sie 2025
Otrzymano: 17 mar 2025
Przyjęty: 24 cze 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2025-0012
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© 2025 Ayse Onur et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Average daytime and nighttime environmental conditions in the greenhouse during the cultivation period. (A) Mean day and night temperatures (°C). (B) Instantaneous light intensity (lux) inside and outside the greenhouse.
Average daytime and nighttime environmental conditions in the greenhouse during the cultivation period. (A) Mean day and night temperatures (°C). (B) Instantaneous light intensity (lux) inside and outside the greenhouse.

Figure 2.

Effects of supplemental UV-B exposure on lettuce seedlings after 12 days. (A) 'Caipira' and (B) 'Fortunas' cultivars. Top rows show control plants; middle and bottom rows show seedlings exposed to medium (4.8 kJ · m−2 · day−1) and high (9.6 kJ · m−2 · day−1) UV-B doses, respectively. UV-B, ultraviolet-B.
Effects of supplemental UV-B exposure on lettuce seedlings after 12 days. (A) 'Caipira' and (B) 'Fortunas' cultivars. Top rows show control plants; middle and bottom rows show seedlings exposed to medium (4.8 kJ · m−2 · day−1) and high (9.6 kJ · m−2 · day−1) UV-B doses, respectively. UV-B, ultraviolet-B.

Figure 3.

Effects of supplemental UV-B on (A) plant height, (B) root length, (C) stem diameter, (D) true leaf count, (E) chlorophyll content (SPAD), (F) leaf dry matter, (G) root dry matter and (H) leaf width. The first three bars in each group represent 'Caipira', and the next three represent 'Fortunas'. Blue shades indicate increasing UV-B levels (lightest = control; darkest = 9.6 kJ · m−2 · day−1). Orange shades represent cultivar means (lightest = 'Caipira'; darkest = 'Fortunas'). Different lowercase letters denote statistically significant differences (LSD, p < 0.05). LSD, least significant difference; UV-B, ultraviolet-B.
Effects of supplemental UV-B on (A) plant height, (B) root length, (C) stem diameter, (D) true leaf count, (E) chlorophyll content (SPAD), (F) leaf dry matter, (G) root dry matter and (H) leaf width. The first three bars in each group represent 'Caipira', and the next three represent 'Fortunas'. Blue shades indicate increasing UV-B levels (lightest = control; darkest = 9.6 kJ · m−2 · day−1). Orange shades represent cultivar means (lightest = 'Caipira'; darkest = 'Fortunas'). Different lowercase letters denote statistically significant differences (LSD, p < 0.05). LSD, least significant difference; UV-B, ultraviolet-B.

Figure 4.

The impact of the supplemental UV-B on the colour parameter of the seedlings. (A) lightness (L*), (B) chroma (C*) and (C) hue (h°). Statistical significance (LSD test: p < 0.05) is denoted by differing lowercase letters. LSD, least significant difference; UV-B, ultraviolet-B.
The impact of the supplemental UV-B on the colour parameter of the seedlings. (A) lightness (L*), (B) chroma (C*) and (C) hue (h°). Statistical significance (LSD test: p < 0.05) is denoted by differing lowercase letters. LSD, least significant difference; UV-B, ultraviolet-B.

Figure 5.

The impact of the supplemental UV-B on growth related parameters of plants at harvest. (A) plant height, (B) stem diameter, (C) SPAD content, (D) dry matter of leaves, (E) dry matter of roots, (F) the marketable head weight and (G) yield. Statistical significance (LSD test: p < 0.05) is denoted by differing lowercase letters. LSD, least significant difference; UV-B, ultraviolet-B.
The impact of the supplemental UV-B on growth related parameters of plants at harvest. (A) plant height, (B) stem diameter, (C) SPAD content, (D) dry matter of leaves, (E) dry matter of roots, (F) the marketable head weight and (G) yield. Statistical significance (LSD test: p < 0.05) is denoted by differing lowercase letters. LSD, least significant difference; UV-B, ultraviolet-B.

Figure 6.

The impact of the supplemental UV-B on the colour parameter of the plants at harvest. (A) Lightness (L*), (B) Chroma (C*) and (C) Hue (h°). Statistical significance (LSD test: p < 0.05) is denoted by differing lowercase letters. LSD, least significant difference; UV-B, ultraviolet-B.
The impact of the supplemental UV-B on the colour parameter of the plants at harvest. (A) Lightness (L*), (B) Chroma (C*) and (C) Hue (h°). Statistical significance (LSD test: p < 0.05) is denoted by differing lowercase letters. LSD, least significant difference; UV-B, ultraviolet-B.

The impact of the additional UV-B applications on micro (ppm) and macro (%) nutrients of the lettuce plants at harvest_

Cultivars
UV-B applications 'Caipira' 'Fortunas' Average (Dose)
Nitrogen (N) (%) Control 2.75 4.03 3.39
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 2.93 3.20 3.06
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 2.90 3.46 3.18
Average (Cultivars) 2.86 b* 3.56 a
Phosphorus (P) (%) Control 0.77 1.03 a 0.90 a
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 0.80 0.95 c 0.87 b
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 0.77 1.01 b 0.89 a
Average (Cultivars) 0.78 b 0.99 a
Potassium (K) (%) Control 4.31 b 3.75 c 4.03 b
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 4.49 b 4.16 a 4.30 a
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 4.72 a 3.83 b 4.27 a
Average (Cultivars) 4.49 a 3.91 b
Calcium (Ca) (%) Control 2.13 c 0.94 b 1.53 c
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 2.80 a 1.11 a 1.95 a
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 2.25 b 0.95 b 1.60 b
Average (Cultivars) 2.39 a 1.00 b
Magnesium (Mg) (%) Control 0.55 c 0.35 0.45 c
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 0.81 a 0.36 0.58 a
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 0.70 b 0.35 0.52 b
Average (Cultivars) 0.69 a 0.35 b
Zinc (Zn) (ppm) Control 112.0 b 94.3 b 103.1 b
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 155.6 a 91.3 c 123.5 a
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 74.3 c 97.6 a 86.0 c
Average (Cultivars) 114.0 a 94.4 b
Copper (Cu) (ppm) Control 14.00 a 11.66 b 12.83 a
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 11.66 ab 14.33 a 13.00 a
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 8.66 b 14.33 a 11.50 b
Average (Cultivars) 11.44 b 13.44 a
Iron (Fe) (ppm) Control 84.33 128.33 b 106.3 b
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 80.33 114.66 c 97.5 c
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 84.66 157.33 a 121.0 a
Average (Cultivars) 83.1 b 133.4 a
Manganese (Mn) (ppm) Control 26.53 21.00 c 23.76
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 23.66 24.00 a 23.83
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 92.66 22.66 b 57.66
Average (Cultivars) 47.62 22.55

The influence of the supplemental UV-B applications on micro (ppm) and macro nutrients (%) of the lettuce seedlings_

Cultivars
UV-B applications 'Caipira' 'Fortunas' Average (Dose)
Nitrogen (N)(%) Control 2.23 2.13 2.18
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 2.30 2.13 2.21
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 2.23 2.26 2.25
Average (Cultivars) 2.25 2.17
Phosphorus (P)(%) Control 1.02 a 0.23 0.62 a*
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 0.39 b 0.23 0.31 b
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 0.35 c 0.23 0.29 c
Average (Cultivars) 0.59 a 0.23 b
Potassium (K) (%) Control 4.90 b 2.67 a 3.78 b
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 4.93 b 2.50 b 3.71 c
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 5.19 a 2.56 ab 3.88 a
Average (Cultivars) 5.00 a 2.58 b
Calcium (Ca) (%) Control 1.38 b 1.12 a 1.25 b
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 1.35 b 1.02 b 1.19 c
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 1.67 a 1.04 b 1.36 a
Average (Cultivars) 1.47 a 1.06 b
Magnesium (Mg) (%) Control 0.30 0.45 0.37 ab
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 0.29 0.42 0.36 b
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 0.35 0.44 0.40 a
Average (Cultivars) 0.31 b 0.44 a
Zinc (Zn) (ppm) Control 140.6 b 144.3 142.5 ab
4.8 kJ · m−2 · day−1) 138.3 b 138.0 138.1 b
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 150.6 a 143.0 146.8 a
Average (Cultivars) 143.2 141.7
Copper (Cu) (ppm) Control 16.66 a 4.66 10.66 a
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 5.33 b 4.00 5.16 b
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 6.00 b 4.33 4.66 b
Average (Cultivars) 9.33 a 4.33 b
Iron (Fe) (ppm) Control 57.00 b 59.00 a 58.00
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 53.66 b 57.66 a 55.66
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 67.66 a 48.66 b 58.16
Average (Cultivars) 59.44 a 55.11 b
Manganese (Mn) (ppm) Control 14.3 34.6 a 24.5 a
4.8 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 13.0 28.6 c 20.8 b
9.6 (kJ · m−2 · day−1) 17.6 31.3 b 24.5 a
Average (Cultivars) 15.0 b 31.5 a
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
2 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Nauki biologiczne, Nauka o roślinach, Zoologia, Ekologia, Nauki biologiczne, inne
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