Functional properties | DPPH | α-amylase | α-glucosidase | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaves | Fruit | Leaves | Fruit | Leaves | Fruit | |
Ethyl acetate | 19.3 ± 4.21 x | 23.2 ± 1.92 x | 2.6 ± 0.07 x | 3.1 ± 0.08 x | 1.8 ± 0.14 x | 2.3 ± 1.02 x |
Methanol | 12.9 ± 2.13 x | 15.1 ± 1.27 x | 2.8 ± 1.39 x | 4.1 ± 1.59 y | 2.4 ± 1.17 y | 3.0 ± 1.24 y |
Water | 8.6 ± 0.94 x | 10.3 ± 1.31 x | 11.3 ± 0.94 z | 13.4 ± 1.41 z | 10.9 ± 0.14 z | 12.1 ± 3.15 z |
Acarbose | – | 2.2 ± 0.001 | 1.3 ± 0.001 |
Extracts | EE | TPC | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Leaves | Fruit | Leaves | Fruit | |
Ethyl acetate | 2.05 ± 0.003 x | 1.47 ± 0.004 x | 1,497 ± 1.04 x | 1,004 ± 1.19 x |
Methanol | 16.98 ± 0.010 y | 13.83 ± 0.011 y | 1,974 ± 3.90 y | 1,492 ± 0.23 y |
Water | 18.02 ± 0.012 y | 19.02 ± 0.010 z | 2,531 ± 2.75 z | 2,260 ± 3.16 z |
Compound name | Morphological part | Ethyl acetate (μg · g–1 extract) | Methanol (μg · g–1 extract) | Aqueous (μg · g–1 extract) | Precursor ion (m/z) | Production (m/z) | Fragmentor energy (V) | Collision energy (V) | Retention time (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flavonols | |||||||||
Rutin | Leaves | 430.84 ±3.18 | 632.16 ±21.78 | 822.09 ±4.02 | 609 | 301 | 135 | 35 | 12.3 |
Fruit | 24.90 ± 0.10 | 254.34 ± 4.09 | 361.94 ± 1.12 | 609 | 301 | 135 | 35 | 12.5 | |
Myricetin | Leaves | 98 ± 1.63 | 136.43 ± 2.06 | n.d | 479 | 317 | 135 | 25 | 15.30 |
Fruit | 64 ± 1.08 | 91 ± 1.38 | n.d | 479 | 317 | 135 | 25 | 15.31 | |
Quercetin-3-O- | Leaves | 38 ± 1.03 | 146.43 ± 2.11 | 34.26 ± 1.03 | 477 | 301 | 135 | 35 | 13.2 |
glucuronide | Fruit | 22 ± 1.08 | 109 ± 0.38 | 28 ± 0.08 | 477 | 301 | 135 | 35 | 13.2 |
Quercetin | Leaves | 29 ± 0.94 | 204.08 ± 1.06 | 31.7 ± 0.04 | 463 | 301 | 135 | 25 | 12.5 |
7-O-glucoside | Fruit | 26 ± 1.08 | 121 ± 0.38 | 30.01 ± 0.08 | 463 | 301 | 135 | 25 | 12.5 |
Luteolin | Leaves | 1,098 ± 1.63 | 2,136.43 ± 12.06 | 898.23 ± 6.04 | 447 | 285 | 135 | 25 | 13.5 |
7-O-glucoside | Fruit | 854 ± 1.08 | 1,241 ± 1.38 | 509 ± 0.78 | 447 | 285 | 135 | 25 | 13.5 |
Kaempferol | Leaves | 35.12 ± 1.47 | 148.75 ± 0.32 | 108.20 ± 2.94 | 285.2 | 151 | 135 | 20 | 17.7 |
aglycone | Fruit | 22 ± 0.03 | 91 ± 0.82 | 32 ± 0.08 | 285.2 | 151 | 135 | 20 | 17.7 |
Apigenin | Leaves | 12 ± 0.07 | 116.04 ± 2.01 | 673.91 ± 4.14 | 269.2 | 151 | 135 | 20 | 20.6 |
aglycone | Fruit | n.d | n.d | n.d | 269.2 | 151 | 135 | 20 | 20.6 |
Anthocyanidins | |||||||||
Cyanidin | Leaves | 95 ± 0.50 | 377.43 ± 6.0 | 583.17 ± 9.51 | 595 | 449 | 162 | 30 | 9.12 |
3-O-rutinoside | Fruit | 101 ± 3.18 | 641 ± 7.51 | 1,009 ± 0.78 | 595 | 449 | 162 | 30 | 8.99 |
Cyanidin | Leaves | 46.61 ± 0.07 | 239.40 ± 1.91 | 398.23 ± 6.04 | 449 | 287 | 162 | 23 | 8.07 |
3-O-glucoside | Fruit | 354 ± 1.08 | 278 ± 0.26 | 414 ± 11.43 | 449 | 287 | 162 | 23 | 8.07 |
Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||||||
Ferulic acid | Leaves | 233 ± 1.57 | 316.12 ± 1.45 | 38.23 ± 1.32 | 193 | 149 | 135 | 10 | 13.16 |
Fruit | 279 ± 1.89 | 341 ± 1.38 | 40.92 ± 0.95 | 193 | 149 | 135 | 10 | 13.18 | |
Caffeic acid | Leaves | 562.17 ± 1.01 | 1,596 ± 11.37 | 1,367.40 ± 4.02 | 179 | 135 | 135 | 15 | 9.85 |
Fruit | 202.75 ± 0.70 | 1,094.04 ± 15.29 | 615.33 ± 5.42 | 179 | 135 | 135 | 15 | 9.85 | |
Rosmarinic acid | Leaves | 47 ± 0.54 | 77.03 ± 1.06 | 68.23 ± 0.06 | 359 | 161 | 90 | 20 | 11.08 |
Fruit | 29.75 ± 0.68 | 43.27 ± 0.57 | 39.87 ± 0.31 | ||||||
5-caffeoy Iquinic | Leaves | 498 ± 11.3 | 636.23 ± 9.84 | 1,298.23 ± 15.04 | 353 | 191 | 135 | 30 | 9.5 |
acid | Fruit | 106 ± 1.08 | 364 ± 2.31 | 609 ± 7.91 | 353 | 191 | 135 | 30 | 9.4 |
Secoiridoids | |||||||||
Oleuropein | Leaves | 947.93 ± 10.02 | 571.19 ± 3.16 | 123.98 ± 2.49 | 539 | 275 | 165 | 20 | 6.3 |
Fruit | 322.05 ± 0.88 | 149 ± 1.42 | 87.49 ± 0.91 | 539 | 275 | 165 | 20 | 6.3 |