Nondestructive Detection of Stem Content in Tobacco Strips Using X-Ray Imaging Analysis

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The determination result of tobacco stems in pure tobacco leaves by the X-ray identification and determination system_

Test No.	Actual content of stem (%)	Determination of stem* (%)	Relative error (%)
1	1.0000	0.9689	−3.11
2	1.5000	1.4712	−1.92
3	2.0000	2.0552	2.76
4	2.5000	2.4090	−3.64
5	3.0000	2.9538	−1.54
6	3.5000	3.4926	−0.21
7	4.0000	3.9033	−0.06
8	4.5000	4.4258	−2.03
9	5.0000	4.9108	−1.78
10	6.0000	6.1432	2.34

Calculation results of ∑i=1nln G0/Gi \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {\ln \,{G_0}/{G_i}} for each image in Figure 5_

Test No.	Value	Relative deviation (%)
1#	16632	0.10
2#	16588	−0.17
3#	16613	−0.02
4#	16642	0.16
5#	16621	0.03
6#	16600	−0.10

The determination results of long stems_

Test No.	Number of detected long stem	Number of total long stem	Identification accuracy (%)
1	49	50	98.00
2	50	50	100.00
3	50	50	100.00
Average	—	—	99.33

The density of leaves and stems_

Samples	Apparent density (g/cm3)	Thickness (mm)	Area density (g/cm2)
Leaves	0	0	0
Stems (2.38 mm)	1	2	0
Stems (1.50 mm)	1	1	0

The determination results of thick stems_

Test No.	Number of detected thick stem	Number of total thick stem	Identification accuracy (%)
1	47	50	94.00
2	49	50	98.00
3	46	50	92.00
Average	—	—	94.67

The comparison of quantitative detection results of two methods_

Sample	Actual content of stem (%)	ISO method		X-ray method
		Detected content (%)	Relative error (%)	Detected content (%)	Relative error (%)
3000 g leaves + 30 g stems	0.9901	0.9571	−3.32	1.0105	2.07
3000 g leaves + 60 g stems	1.9608	1.7682	−9.79	2.0003	2.06
3000 g leaves + 90 g stems	2.9126	2.7123	−6.79	2.9376	0.95
3000 g leaves + 120 g stems	3.8462	3.5256	−8.43	3.7995	−1.31