Nondestructive Detection of Stem Content in Tobacco Strips Using X-Ray Imaging Analysis
, , , , y | 10 dic 2022
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Publicado en línea: 10 dic 2022
Páginas: 142 - 150
Recibido: 21 feb 2022
Aceptado: 16 jun 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2022-0015
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© 2022 Wenkui Zhu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Figure 1
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Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
The determination result of tobacco stems in pure tobacco leaves by the X-ray identification and determination system.
| Test No. | Actual content of stem (%) | Determination of stem |
Relative error (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.0000 | 0.9689 | −3.11 |
| 2 | 1.5000 | 1.4712 | −1.92 |
| 3 | 2.0000 | 2.0552 | 2.76 |
| 4 | 2.5000 | 2.4090 | −3.64 |
| 5 | 3.0000 | 2.9538 | −1.54 |
| 6 | 3.5000 | 3.4926 | −0.21 |
| 7 | 4.0000 | 3.9033 | −0.06 |
| 8 | 4.5000 | 4.4258 | −2.03 |
| 9 | 5.0000 | 4.9108 | −1.78 |
| 10 | 6.0000 | 6.1432 | 2.34 |
Calculation results of ∑i=1nln G0/Gi \sum\nolimits.{i = 1}^n {\ln \,{G.0}/{G.i}} for each image in Figure 5.
| Test No. | Value | Relative deviation (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1# | 16632 | 0.10 |
| 2# | 16588 | −0.17 |
| 3# | 16613 | −0.02 |
| 4# | 16642 | 0.16 |
| 5# | 16621 | 0.03 |
| 6# | 16600 | −0.10 |
The determination results of long stems.
| Test No. | Number of detected long stem | Number of total long stem | Identification accuracy (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 49 | 50 | 98.00 |
| 2 | 50 | 50 | 100.00 |
| 3 | 50 | 50 | 100.00 |
| Average | — | — | 99.33 |
The density of leaves and stems.
| Samples | Apparent density (g/cm3) | Thickness (mm) | Area density (g/cm2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leaves | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Stems (2.38 mm) | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Stems (1.50 mm) | 1 | 1 | 0 |
The determination results of thick stems.
| Test No. | Number of detected thick stem | Number of total thick stem | Identification accuracy (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 47 | 50 | 94.00 |
| 2 | 49 | 50 | 98.00 |
| 3 | 46 | 50 | 92.00 |
| Average | — | — | 94.67 |
The comparison of quantitative detection results of two methods.
| Sample | Actual content of stem (%) | ISO method | X-ray method | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Detected content (%) | Relative error (%) | Detected content (%) | Relative error (%) | ||
| 3000 g leaves + 30 g stems | 0.9901 | 0.9571 | −3.32 | 1.0105 | 2.07 |
| 3000 g leaves + 60 g stems | 1.9608 | 1.7682 | −9.79 | 2.0003 | 2.06 |
| 3000 g leaves + 90 g stems | 2.9126 | 2.7123 | −6.79 | 2.9376 | 0.95 |
| 3000 g leaves + 120 g stems | 3.8462 | 3.5256 | −8.43 | 3.7995 | −1.31 |