The Influence of Nutritional Factors on the Secretion of Adipocytokines and the Regulation of Metabolic Changes

Metabolism is a complex set of chemical reactions occurring in body cells in order to obtain energy necessary for life processes. It is possible to modulate these processes through diet. Adipocytokines are endocrine active proteins with a directional effect on target tissues. They are secreted by adipose tissue. Diet and dietary interventions have a real impact on metabolic changes in the human body and on the secretion of both proand anti-inflammatory adipocytokines. The aim of this study was to analyze the literature on the effects of dietary factors on adipocytokine secretion and metabolic regulation. The search for sources was performed via the medical scientific browser „Pubmed”. The results demonstrated that the Mediterranean diet promotes the secretion of anti-inflammatory adipocytokines and has beneficial effects on metabolism. The Western diet, on the other hand, contributes to the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines and has an adverse impact on metabolism. Optimal diet should be based on the principles of rational nutrition and be enriched with omega-3 fatty acids (vegetable fats, nuts), polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin), vegetable protein (soybean), and probiotics and prebiotics, as these dietary components are responsible for the proper ratio of adipocytokines secreted by adipose tissue. The aforementioned compounds have a beneficial effect on the profile of secreted adipocytokines and on metabolism, and thus on human physiology. Regulation of adipocytokine secretion and metabolism through diet is a promising method for prevention and control of civilization diseases.