In vitro spectrophotometric evaluation of Vivera^® clear thermoplastic retainer discolouration

1 Melrose C, Millett DT. Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;113:507-14. Search in Google Scholar

2 White LW. Retention strategies: a pilgrim’s progress. J Clin Orthod 1999;33:336-8. Search in Google Scholar

3 Heier EE, De Smit AA, Wijgaerts IA, Adriaens PA. Periodontal implications of bonded versus removable retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997;112:607-16. Search in Google Scholar

4 Wang F. A new thermoplastic retainer. J Clin Orthod 1997;31:754-7. Search in Google Scholar

5 Lindauer SJ, Shoff RC. Comparison of Essix and Hawley retainers. J Clin Orthod 1998;32:95-7. Search in Google Scholar

6 Sheridan JJ, Gaylord RE, Hamula W, Hickham JH, Kokich VG, Tuverson DL. JCO Roundtable: finishing and retention. J Clin Orthod 1992;26:551-64. Search in Google Scholar

7 Gill DS, Naini FB, Jones A, Tredwin CJ. Part-time versus full-time retainer wear following fixed appliance therapy: a randomized prospective controlled trial. World J Orthod 2007;8:300-6. Search in Google Scholar

8 Jäderberg S, Feldmann I, Engström C. Removable thermoplastic appliances as orthodontic retainers--a prospective study of different wear regimens. Eur J Orthod 2012;34:475-9. Search in Google Scholar

9 Thickett E, Power S. A randomized clinical trial of thermoplastic retainer wear. Eur J Orthod 2010;32:1-5. Search in Google Scholar

10 Hichens L, Rowland H, Williams A, Hollinghurst S, Ewings P, Clark S et al. Cost-effectiveness and patient satisfaction: Hawley and vacuum-formed retainers. Eur J Orthod 2007;29:372-8. Search in Google Scholar

11 Gracco A, Mazzoli A, Favoni O, Conti C, Ferraris P, Tosi G et al. Short-term chemical and physical changes in Invisalign appliances. Aust Orthod J 2009;25:34-40. Search in Google Scholar

12 Gardner GD, Dunn WJ, Taloumis L. Wear comparison of thermoplastic materials used for orthodontic retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124:294-7. Search in Google Scholar

13 Pascual AL, Beeman CS, Hicks EP, Bush HM, Mitchell RJ. The essential work of fracture of thermoplastic orthodontic retainer materials. Angle Orthod 2010;80:554-61. Search in Google Scholar

14 Eliades T, Eliades G, Watts DC. Structural conformation of in vitro and in vivo aged orthodontic elastomeric modules. Eur J Orthod 1999;21:649-58. Search in Google Scholar

15 Schuster S, Eliades G, Zinelis S, Eliades T, Bradley TG. Structural conformation and leaching from in vitro aged and retrieved Invisalign appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;126:725-8. Search in Google Scholar

16 International Commission on Illumination, ed. Colorimetry, Official Recommendations of the International Commission on Illumination. Publication CIE No. 15 (E-1.3.1). Paris: CIE, 1971. Search in Google Scholar

17 Hunter RS, Harold RW. The Measurement of Appearance. 2^nd edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987. Search in Google Scholar

18 Paul S, Peter A, Pietrobon N, Hämmerle CH. Visual and spectrophotometric shade analysis of human teeth. J Dent Res 2002;81:578-82. Search in Google Scholar

19 Munsell AH. A colour notation. Baltimore: Munsell Colour, 1961. Search in Google Scholar

20 Seghi RR, Johnston WM, O’Brien WJ. Spectrophotometric analysis of colour differences between porcelain systems. J Prosthet Dent 1986;56:35-40. Search in Google Scholar

21 Kuehni RG, Marcus RT. An experiment in visual scaling of small color differences. Color Res Appl 1979;4:83-91. Search in Google Scholar

22 Seghi RR, Hewlett ER, Kim J. Visual and instrumental colorimetric assessments of small colour differences on translucent dental porcelain. J Dent Res 1989;68:1760-4. Search in Google Scholar

23 Ho R. General Linear Model: Repeated Measures Analysis. In: Ho R. Handbook of Univariate and Multivariate Data Analysis and Interpretation with SPSS. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2006:117-82. Search in Google Scholar

24 Indrayan A. Approaches for Measuring Quantitative Agreement. In: Indrayan A. Medical Biostatistics. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2008:564-7. Search in Google Scholar

25 Dahlberg G. Statistical methods for medical and biological students. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1940:122-32. Search in Google Scholar

26 Johnston WM, Kao EC. Assessment of appearance match by visual observation and clinical colorimetry. J Dent Res 1989;68:819-22. Search in Google Scholar

27 Chan KC, Fuller JL, Hormati AA. The ability of foods to stain two composite resins. J Prosthet Dent 1980; 43:542-5. Search in Google Scholar

28 Cooley RL, Barkmeier WW, Matis BA, Siok JF. Staining of posterior resin restorative materials. Quintessence Int 1987;18:823-7. Search in Google Scholar

29 Ertaş E, Güler AU, Yücel AC, Köprülü H, Güler E. Color stability of resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Dent Mater J 2006;25:371-6. Search in Google Scholar

30 Khokhar ZA, Razzoog ME, Yaman P. Color stability of restorative resins. Quintessence Int 1991;22:733-7. Search in Google Scholar

31 Luce MS, Campbell CE. Stain potential of four microfilled composites. J Prosthet Dent 1988;60:151-4. Search in Google Scholar

32 Mutlu-Sagesen L, Ergün G, Ozkan Y, Bek B. Color stability of different denture teeth materials: an in vitro study. J Oral Sci 2001;43:193-205. Search in Google Scholar

33 Polyzois GL, Yannikakis SA, Zissis AJ. Color stability of visible light-cured, hard direct denture reliners: an in vitro investigation. Int J Prosthodont 1999;12:140-6. Search in Google Scholar

34 Um CM, Ruyter IE. Staining of resin-based veneering materials with coffee and tea. Quintessence Int 1991;22:377-86. Search in Google Scholar

35 Koksal T, Dikbas I. Color stability of different denture teeth materials against various staining agents. Dent Mater J 2008;27:139-44. Search in Google Scholar

36 Chan KC, Hormati AA, Kerber PE. Staining calcified dental tissues with food. J Prosthet Dent 1981;46:175-8. Search in Google Scholar

37 Scotti R, Mascellani SC, Forniti F. The in vitro color stability of acrylic resins for provisional restorations. Int J Prosthodont 1997;10:164-8. Search in Google Scholar

38 Nordbo H. Discoloration of dental pellicle by tannic acid. Acta Odontol Scand 1977;35:305-10. Search in Google Scholar

39 Joiner A, Muller D, Elofsson UM, Malmsten M, Arnebrant T. Adsorption from black tea and red wine onto in vitro salivary pellicles studied by ellipsometry. Eur J Oral Sci 2003;111:417-22. Search in Google Scholar

40 Inokoshi S, Burrow MF, Kataumi M, Yamada T, Takatsu T. Opacity and color changes of tooth-colored restorative materials. Oper Dent 1996;21:73-80. Search in Google Scholar

41 Yap AU, Sim CP, Loganathan V. Polymerization color changes of esthetic restoratives. Oper Dent 1999;24:306-11. Search in Google Scholar

42 Vogel RI. Intrinsic and extrinsic discoloration of the dentition (a literature review). J Oral Med 1975;30:99-104. Search in Google Scholar

43 Eliades T, Gioka C, Heim M, Eliades G, Makou M. Color stability of orthodontic adhesive resins. Angle Orthod 2004;74:391-3. Search in Google Scholar

44 Karamouzos A, Athanasiou AE, Papadopoulos MA, Kolokithas G. Tooth-color assessment after orthodontic treatment: a prospective clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:537.e1-8. Search in Google Scholar

45 Berns RS. Measuring color. In: Berns RS, ed. Billmeyer and Saltzman’s Principles of Color Technology. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2000;95-105. Search in Google Scholar

46 Douglas RD. Precision of in vivo colorimetric assessments of teeth. J Prosthet Dent 1997;77:464-70. Search in Google Scholar

47 Karamouzos A, Papadopoulos MA, Kolokithas G, Athanasiou AE. Precision of in vivo spectrophotometric colour evaluation of natural teeth. J Oral Rehabil 2007;34:613-21. Search in Google Scholar