Connectors as a Key to Efficient Storm Water Management System: An In-Situ Assessment of Residential Estates in Poland
| 31 gru 2023
O artykule
Data publikacji: 31 gru 2023
Zakres stron: 1 - 14
Otrzymano: 02 sty 2023
Przyjęty: 12 gru 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0046
Słowa kluczowe
© 2023 Paulina Gama Marques, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Division by area. Author’s study
| Group type | Housing estate | Research area [m2] | The presence of an underground car park |
|---|---|---|---|
| large | Wolne Miasto | 68 612 | yes |
| Nowe Żerniki | 73 642 | yes | |
| 19 dzielnica | 60 975 | yes | |
| Żoliborz Artystyczny | 84 000 | yes | |
| medium | Zielony Południk | 39 007 | no |
| Nadmorski Dwór | 33 958 | yes | |
| Idea | 36 614 | yes | |
| Beauforta | 47 752 | yes | |
| small | Sokółki Zielenisz | 18 948 | yes |
| Mickiewicza | 27 925 | yes | |
| Jaśminowy Mokotów | 24 952 | yes | |
The quality of green areas. Author’s study
| Housing estate | Percentage of green area in total | Level of low grass | Level of greenery above 1m in height | Level of | Quality of green area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wolne Miasto | 49% | high | medium | low | medium |
| Zielony Południk | 53% | low | high | medium | high |
| Nadmorski Dwór | 55% | high | medium | medium | medium |
| Idea | 56% | low | high | low | high |
| Beauforta | 46% | low | high | low | high |
| Sokółki Zielenisz | 45% | low | high | medium | high |
| Nowe Żerniki | 21% | high | medium | medium | medium |
| Mickiewicza | 70% | high | medium | - | medium |
| Jaśminowy Mokotów | 46% | low | low | high | low |
| 19 dzielnica | 30% | low | high | high | medium |
| Żoliborz Artystyczny | 49% | medium | low | high | low |
Terrain profile and its impact on RMS design. Terrain profiles are generated from geoportal.gov.pl. Author’s study
| Housing estate | Terrain profile | Description | Characteristic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wolne Miasto | The section done across the plot (from the north to the south). |
The topography of the area has great potential in shaping efficient RMS based on gravity water flow. | |
| Zielony Południk | The section done along the lot (from the north-west to the south-east) |
The topography of the area took a prime part in the shape of RMS at the estate. The areas placed lower are used as surface retention elements such as major rain gardens. | |
| Nadmorski Dwór | The section done along the plot (from the north-west to the south-east) |
The differences in height appeared due to green roofs (green areas on the top of garages). The slope was used for creating fountain and water cascades. |
|
| Idea | The section done along the plot (from the west to the east) |
The depression visible on the terrain profile was not visible on the side. The area was mostly flat and water flow was determined by slight infliction of the pavement. | |
| Beauforta | The section done along the plot (from the north-west to the south-east) |
The first depression was the emergency reservoir, and the second depression (drop 1m) was not visible on the side. The characteristics were drops in the place of the car park and rises in the place of buildings and inner courtyards. | |
| Sokółki Zielenisz | The section done along the plot (from the south-west to the north-east) |
The topography has good potential for shaping RMS, which was noticed and used for open channels. | |
| Nowe Żerniki | The section done along the bottom part (from the west to the east) |
Since Nowe Żerniki estate consists of many various residential estates in different parts the topography has unique characteristics. The area was mostly flat, and more significant height differences appeared due to green roofs, which in fact are green areas on the top of garages. |
|
| The section done along the middle part (from the west to the east) |
|||
| The section done along the upper part (from the west to the east) |
|||
| Mickiewicza | The section done along the plot (from the west to the east) |
That difference in height shown on the profile can be observed on the side as a slight depression with greenery. | |
| Jaśminowy Mokotów | The section done along the plot (from the south-west to the north-east) |
The visible height difference was in the area of private gardens. During inventory there was no observed significant height differences. | |
| 19 dzielnica | The section done along the plot (from the north-west to the south-east) |
The characteristics were high slopes in the inner courtyards that are accessible just for residents. | |
| Żoliborz Artystyczny | The section done along the plot (from the east to the west) |
Except for one bigger drop (that is rather a hole, in its shape difficult to use as an RMS element) the area was moderately hilly and had a good potential for shaping RMS. |