An interesting rare tylenchid species, Antarctenchus urmiensis n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha; Psilenchidae) from Urmia Lake islands, northwest Iran, with a discussion on the taxonomy of related genera

Abolafia, J. 2015. A low-cost technique to manufacture a container to process meiofauna for scanning electron microscopy. Microscopy Research and Technique 78:771–776, available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22538. Abolafia J. 2015 . A low-cost technique to manufacture a container to process meiofauna for scanning electron microscopy . Microscopy Research and Technique 78 : 771 – 776 , available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22538. 10.1002/jemt.22538 Search in Google Scholar

Anderson, R. V. and Ebsary, B. A. 1982. Canadian species of Merlinius Siddiqi, 1970 and a diagnosis and description for Mulveyotus hyalacus n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchorhynchidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 60:521–529. Anderson R. V. and Ebsary B. A. 1982 . Canadian species of Merlinius Siddiqi, 1970 and a diagnosis and description for Mulveyotus hyalacus n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchorhynchidae) . Canadian Journal of Zoology 60 : 521 – 529 . 10.1139/z82-078 Search in Google Scholar

Bastian, H. C. 1865. Monograph on the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 newspecies. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25:73–184. Bastian H. C. 1865 . Monograph on the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 newspecies . Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25 : 73 – 184 . 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1865.tb00179.x Search in Google Scholar

Bert, W., Leliaert, F., Vierstraete, A. R., Vanfleteren, J. R. and Borgonie, G. 2008. Molecular phylogeny of the Tylenchina and evolution of the female gonoduct (Nematoda: Rhabditida). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48:728–744, available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.011. Bert W. Leliaert F. Vierstraete A. R. Vanfleteren J. R. and Borgonie G. 2008 . Molecular phylogeny of the Tylenchina and evolution of the female gonoduct (Nematoda: Rhabditida) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48 : 728 – 744 , available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.011. 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.011 Search in Google Scholar

Carta, L. K., Skantar, A. M. and Handoo, Z. A. 2010. Molecular rDNA phylogeny of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 and evaluation of tail termini. Journal of Nematology 42:359. Carta L. K. Skantar A. M. and Handoo Z. A. 2010 . Molecular rDNA phylogeny of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 and evaluation of tail termini . Journal of Nematology 42 : 359 . Search in Google Scholar

Chitwood, B. G. 1933. A revised classification of the nematoda. Journal of Parasitology 20:131. Chitwood B. G. 1933 . A revised classification of the nematoda . Journal of Parasitology 20 : 131 . Search in Google Scholar

Chitwood, B. G. 1950. “General structure of nematodes”, In Chitwood, B. G. and Chitwood, M. B. (Eds), An Introduction to Nematology Monumental Printing Co, Baltimore, MD. Chitwood B. G. 1950 . “ General structure of nematodes ”, In Chitwood B. G. and Chitwood M. B. (Eds), An Introduction to Nematology Monumental Printing Co , Baltimore, MD . Search in Google Scholar

Decraemer, W. and Hunt, D. J. 2013. “Structure and classification” 2nd ed., Plant nematology, pp. 3–39. Decraemer W. and Hunt D. J. 2013 . “ Structure and classification ” 2nd ed. , Plant nematology , pp. 3 – 39 . Search in Google Scholar

Dorris, M., Viney, M. E. and Blaxter, M. L. 2002. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Strongyloides and related nematodes. International Journal for Parasitology 32:1507–1517, doi: 10.1016/s0020-7519(02)00156-x. Dorris M. Viney M. E. and Blaxter M. L. 2002 . Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Strongyloides and related nematodes . International Journal for Parasitology 32 : 1507 – 1517 , doi: 10.1016/s0020-7519(02)00156-x . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fadakar, S., Jahanshahi Afshar, F. and Pedram, M. 2020. Occurrence of the genus Dolichodorus Cobb 1914 (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) in Iran, and description of D. rex n. sp. European Journal of Plant Pathology 158:443–455, available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02084-9. Fadakar S. Jahanshahi Afshar F. and Pedram M. 2020 . Occurrence of the genus Dolichodorus Cobb 1914 (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) in Iran, and description of D. rex n. sp . European Journal of Plant Pathology 158 : 443 – 455 , available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02084-9. 10.1007/s10658-020-02084-9 Search in Google Scholar

Filipjev, I. N. 1934. “The classification of the free-living nematodes and their relation to the parasitic nematodes”. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Filipjev I. N. 1934 . “The classification of the free-living nematodes and their relation to the parasitic nematodes”. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Search in Google Scholar

Geraert, E. 2008. The Tylenchidae of the world: identification of the family Tylenchidae (Nematoda) Academia Press. Geraert E. 2008 . The Tylenchidae of the world: identification of the family Tylenchidae (Nematoda) Academia Press . Search in Google Scholar

Geraert, E. 2019. The Dolichodoridae of the world: Identification of the family Dolichodoridae Academia Press. Geraert E. 2019 . The Dolichodoridae of the world: Identification of the family Dolichodoridae Academia Press . Search in Google Scholar

Geraert, E. and Raski, D. J. 1987. A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata). 3. The family Tylenchidae Örley, 1880. Revue de Nématologie 10:143–161. Geraert E. and Raski D. J. 1987 . A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata). 3. The family Tylenchidae Örley, 1880 . Revue de Nématologie 10 : 143 – 161 . Search in Google Scholar

Gharahkhani, A., Pourjam, E. and Pedram, M. 2019. Occurrence of Neodolichodorus persiangulfus n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) in mangrove forests of southern Iran. Forest Pathology 49:e12563, available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12563. Gharahkhani A. Pourjam E. and Pedram M. 2019 . Occurrence of Neodolichodorus persiangulfus n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) in mangrove forests of southern Iran . Forest Pathology 49 : e12563 , available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12563. 10.1111/efp.12563 Search in Google Scholar

De Grisse, A. T. 1969. Redescription ou modifications de quelques technique utilis [a] es dan l’etude des nematodes phytoparasitaires. De Grisse A. T. 1969 . Redescription ou modifications de quelques technique utilis [a] es dan l’etude des nematodes phytoparasitaires. Search in Google Scholar

Holterman, M., Karssen, G., Van Den Elsen, S., Van Megen, H., Bakker, J. and Helder, J. 2009. Small subunit rDNA-based phylogeny of the Tylenchida sheds light on relationships among some high-impact plant-parasitic nematodes and the evolution of plant feeding. Phytopathology 99:227–235, available at: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-99-3-0227. Holterman M. Karssen G. Van Den Elsen S. Van Megen H. Bakker J. and Helder J. 2009 . Small subunit rDNA-based phylogeny of the Tylenchida sheds light on relationships among some high-impact plant-parasitic nematodes and the evolution of plant feeding . Phytopathology 99 : 227 – 235 , available at: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-99-3-0227. 10.1094/PHYTO-99-3-022719203274 Search in Google Scholar

Hosseinvand, M., Eskandari, A., Castillo, P., Palomares-Rius, J. E. and Ghaderi, R. 2020. Systematic position of the genus Atetylenchus Khan, 1973 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) with description of two new species. Nematology 22:1155–1167, available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10019. Hosseinvand M. Eskandari A. Castillo P. Palomares-Rius J. E. and Ghaderi R. 2020 . Systematic position of the genus Atetylenchus Khan, 1973 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) with description of two new species . Nematology 22 : 1155 – 1167 , available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10019. 10.1163/15685411-bja10019 Search in Google Scholar

Hunt, D. J., Bert, W. and Siddiqi, M. R. 2012. Tylenchidae and Dolichodoridae. Practical Plant Nematology 209–250. Hunt D. J. Bert W. and Siddiqi M. R. 2012 . Tylenchidae and Dolichodoridae . Practical Plant Nematology 209 – 250 . Search in Google Scholar

Huson, D. H. and Scornavacca, C. 2012. Dendroscope 3: an interactive tool for rooted phylogenetic trees and networks. Systematic Biology 61:1061–1067, available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys062. Huson D. H. and Scornavacca C. 2012 . Dendroscope 3: an interactive tool for rooted phylogenetic trees and networks . Systematic Biology 61 : 1061 – 1067 , available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys062. 10.1093/sysbio/sys06222780991 Search in Google Scholar

Jamil, I., Qamarunnisa, S. and Azhar, A. 2019. Effect of outgroup on phylogeny reconstruction: a case study of family Solanaceae. Pure and Applied Biology 8:2213–2227, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80167. Jamil I. Qamarunnisa S. and Azhar A. 2019 . Effect of outgroup on phylogeny reconstruction: a case study of family Solanaceae . Pure and Applied Biology 8 : 2213 – 2227 , doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80167. 10.19045/bspab.2019.80167 Search in Google Scholar

Katoh, K. and Standley, D. M. 2013. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30:772–780, available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010. Katoh K. and Standley D. M. 2013 . MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability . Molecular Biology and Evolution 30 : 772 – 780 , available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010. 10.1093/molbev/mst010360331823329690 Search in Google Scholar

Khan, S. H. 1973. Taxonomic Notes on the Nematode Subfamilies Psilenchinae paramonov, 1967 and Tylenchorhynchinae eliava, 1964, with a proposal for Atetylenchus n. gen. (Nematoda: Tylenchidae). The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Section B: Biological Sciences, 43:18. Khan S. H. 1973 . Taxonomic Notes on the Nematode Subfamilies Psilenchinae paramonov, 1967 and Tylenchorhynchinae eliava, 1964, with a proposal for Atetylenchus n. gen. (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) . The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Section B: Biological Sciences , 43 : 18 . Search in Google Scholar

Kirchberger, P. C., Sefc, K. M., Sturmbauer, C. and Koblmüller, S. 2014. Outgroup effects on root position and tree topology in the AFLP phylogeny of a rapidly radiating lineage of cichlid fish. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 70:57–62, available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.005. Kirchberger P. C. Sefc K. M. Sturmbauer C. and Koblmüller S. 2014 . Outgroup effects on root position and tree topology in the AFLP phylogeny of a rapidly radiating lineage of cichlid fish . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 70 : 57 – 62 , available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.005. 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.005384223424055738 Search in Google Scholar

Larget, B. and Simon, D. L. 1999. Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for the Bayesian analysis of phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16:750–759, available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026160. Larget B. and Simon D. L. 1999 . Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for the Bayesian analysis of phylogenetic trees . Molecular Biology and Evolution 16 : 750 – 759 , available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026160. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026160 Search in Google Scholar

De Ley, P. and Blaxter, M. L. 2002. Systematic position and phylogeny. The Biology of Nematodes, pp. 1–30. De Ley P. and Blaxter M. L. 2002 . Systematic position and phylogeny . The Biology of Nematodes , pp. 1 – 30 . Search in Google Scholar

Lubbock, J. 1861. On Sphaerularia bombi. Natural History Review 1:44–57. Lubbock J. 1861 . On Sphaerularia bombi . Natural History Review 1 : 44 – 57 . Search in Google Scholar

de Man, J. C. de 1921. Nouvelles recherches sur les nématodes libres terricoles de la Hollande. de Man J. C. de 1921 . Nouvelles recherches sur les nématodes libres terricoles de la Hollande. Search in Google Scholar

Maqbool, M. A. and Shahina, F. 1984. Description of Leipotylenchus amiri n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Pakistan. Revue de nématologie 7:363–365. Maqbool M. A. and Shahina F. 1984 . Description of Leipotylenchus amiri n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Pakistan . Revue de nématologie 7 : 363 – 365 . Search in Google Scholar

Micoletzky, H. 1922. Die freilebenden Erd-nematoden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte A 87:1–650. Micoletzky H. 1922 . Die freilebenden Erd-nematoden . Archiv für Naturgeschichte A 87 : 1 – 650 . Search in Google Scholar

Mullin, P. G., Harris, T. S. and Powers, T. O.2005. Phylogenetic relationships of Nygolaimina and Dorylaimina (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) inferred from small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Nematology 7:59–doi: 10.1163/1568541054192199 Mullin P. G. Harris T. S and Powers T. O. 2005 . Phylogenetic relationships of Nygolaimina and Dorylaimina (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) inferred from small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Nematology 7 : 59 –doi: 10.1163/1568541054192199 10.1163/1568541054192199 Search in Google Scholar

Nunn, G. B. 1992. Nematode molecular evolution: an investigation of evolutionary patterns among nematodes based upon DNA sequences University of Nottingham. Nunn G. B. 1992 . Nematode molecular evolution: an investigation of evolutionary patterns among nematodes based upon DNA sequences University of Nottingham . Search in Google Scholar

Nylander, J. A. A. 2004. Uppsala University: Evolutionary Biology Centre, MrModeltest v2 Program distributed by the author. [Google Scholar]. Nylander J. A. A. 2004 . Uppsala University: Evolutionary Biology Centre, MrModeltest v2 Program distributed by the author. [Google Scholar]. Search in Google Scholar

Örley, L. 1880. Monograph of the anguillulids. Természet. Füzetek 4:16–150. Örley L. 1880 . Monograph of the anguillulids . Természet. Füzetek 4 : 16 – 150 . Search in Google Scholar

Panahandeh, Y., Atighi, M. R., De Ley, I. T., Pourjam, E., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Abolafia, J., Koolivand, D., Jahanshahi Afshar, F. and Pedram, M. 2019. An integrative study of Sakia sisanganensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae) from Sisangan forest, Iran, and new morphological observations for the genus. Forest Pathology 49:e12536, available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12536. Panahandeh Y. Atighi M. R. De Ley I. T. Pourjam E. Mundo-Ocampo M. Abolafia J. Koolivand D. Jahanshahi Afshar F. and Pedram M. 2019 . An integrative study of Sakia sisanganensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae) from Sisangan forest, Iran, and new morphological observations for the genus . Forest Pathology 49 : e12536 , available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12536. 10.1111/efp.12536 Search in Google Scholar

Paramonov, A. A. 1967. A critical review of the suborder Tylenchina (Filipjev, 1934) Nematoda: Secernentea. Trudy Gel’mintologicheskoi Laboratorii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR 18:78–101. Paramonov A. A. 1967 . A critical review of the suborder Tylenchina (Filipjev, 1934) Nematoda: Secernentea. Trudy Gel’mintologicheskoi Laboratorii . Akademiya Nauk SSSR 18 : 78 – 101 . Search in Google Scholar

Pedram, M., Soleymanzadeh, M., Pourjam, E. and Mobasseri, M. 2018. Observations on Malenchus geraerti n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae), a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study. Zootaxa 4369:406, available at: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4369.3.6. Pedram M. Soleymanzadeh M. Pourjam E. and Mobasseri M. 2018 . Observations on Malenchus geraerti n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae), a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study . Zootaxa 4369 : 406 , available at: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4369.3.6. 10.11646/zootaxa.4369.3.629689881 Search in Google Scholar

Rambaut, A. and Drummond, A. J. 2009. Tracer version 1.5 [computer program]. Rambaut A. and Drummond A. J. 2009 . Tracer version 1.5 [computer program] . Search in Google Scholar

Ronquist, F. and Huelsenbeck, J. P. 2003. MrBayes: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models, 3.0 b4. Bioinformatics 19:1572–1574, doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180. Ronquist F. and Huelsenbeck J. P. 2003 . MrBayes: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models, 3.0 b4 . Bioinformatics 19 : 1572 – 1574 , doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180 . 12912839 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Siddiqi, M. R. 1971. Structure of the oesophagus in the classification of the superfamily Tylenchoidea (Nematoda). Indian Journal of Nematology 1:25–43. Siddiqi M. R. 1971 . Structure of the oesophagus in the classification of the superfamily Tylenchoidea (Nematoda) . Indian Journal of Nematology 1 : 25 – 43 . Search in Google Scholar

Siddiqi, M. R. 1980. The origin and phylogeny of the nematode orders Tylenchida Thorne, 1949 and Aphelenchida n. ord. Helminthological Abstracts. Series B, Plant Nematology 49:143–170. Siddiqi M. R. 1980 . The origin and phylogeny of the nematode orders Tylenchida Thorne, 1949 and Aphelenchida n. ord . Helminthological Abstracts. Series B, Plant Nematology 49 : 143 – 170 . Search in Google Scholar

Siddiqi, M. R. 1986. Tylenchida: parasites of plants and insects Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Slough. Siddiqi M. R. 1986 . Tylenchida: parasites of plants and insects Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux , Farnham Royal, Slough . Search in Google Scholar

Siddiqi, M. R. 2000. Tylenchida: parasites of plants and insects. CABI. Siddiqi M. R. 2000 . Tylenchida: parasites of plants and insects. CABI. 10.1079/9780851992020.0000 Search in Google Scholar

Skarbilovich, T. S. 1947. Revision of the systematics of the family Anguillulinidae Baylis and Daubney, 1926. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 57:307–308. Skarbilovich T. S. 1947 . Revision of the systematics of the family Anguillulinidae Baylis and Daubney, 1926 . Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 57 : 307 – 308 . Search in Google Scholar

Skarbilovich, T. S. 1959. On the structure of systematics of nematodes order Tylenchida Thorne. 1949, Acta Parasitologica Polonica 7:117–132. Skarbilovich T. S. 1959 . On the structure of systematics of nematodes order Tylenchida Thorne . 1949 , Acta Parasitologica Polonica 7 : 117 – 132 . Search in Google Scholar

Spaull, V. W. 1972. Antarctenchus hooperi n, gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, with the erection of a new subfamily. Nematologica 18:353–359. Spaull V. W. 1972 . Antarctenchus hooperi n, gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, with the erection of a new subfamily . Nematologica 18 : 353 – 359 . 10.1163/187529272X00629 Search in Google Scholar

Sturhan, D. 2012. Contribution to a revision of the family Merliniidae Ryss, 1998, with proposal of Pratylenchoidinae subfam. n., Paramerlinius gen. n., Macrotylenchus gen. n. and description of M. hylophilus sp. n. (Tylenchida). Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 15:127–147. Sturhan D. 2012 . Contribution to a revision of the family Merliniidae Ryss, 1998, with proposal of Pratylenchoidinae subfam. n., Paramerlinius gen. n., Macrotylenchus gen. n. and description of M. hylophilus sp. n. (Tylenchida) . Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 15 : 127 – 147 . Search in Google Scholar

Subbotin, S., Vovlas, N., Baldwin, J., Sturhan, D. and Chizhov, V. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of Tylenchida Thorne, 1949 as inferred from D2 and D3 expansion fragments of the 28S rRNA gene sequences. Nematology 8:455–474, available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/156854106778493420. Subbotin S. Vovlas N. Baldwin J. Sturhan D. and Chizhov V. 2006 . Phylogenetic analysis of Tylenchida Thorne, 1949 as inferred from D2 and D3 expansion fragments of the 28S rRNA gene sequences . Nematology 8 : 455 – 474 , available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/156854106778493420. 10.1163/156854106778493420 Search in Google Scholar

Taylor, D. P. and Pillai, J. K. 1967. Paraphelenchus acontioides n. sp. (Nematoda: Paraphelenchidae), a mycophagous nematode from Illinois, with observations on its feeding habits and a key to the species of Paraphelenchus. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 34:51–54. Taylor D. P. and Pillai J. K. 1967 . Paraphelenchus acontioides n. sp. (Nematoda: Paraphelenchidae), a mycophagous nematode from Illinois, with observations on its feeding habits and a key to the species of Paraphelenchus . Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 34 : 51 – 54 . Search in Google Scholar

Thorne, G. 1949. On the classification of the Tylenchida, new order (Nematoda, Phasmidia). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 16:37–73. Thorne G. 1949 . On the classification of the Tylenchida, new order (Nematoda, Phasmidia) . Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 16 : 37 – 73 . Search in Google Scholar

Whitehead, A. G. and Hemming, J. R. 1965. A comparison of some quantitative methods of extracting small vermiform nematodes from soil. Annals of Applied Biology 55:25–38. Whitehead A. G. and Hemming J. R. 1965 . A comparison of some quantitative methods of extracting small vermiform nematodes from soil . Annals of Applied Biology 55 : 25 – 38 . 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1965.tb07864.x Search in Google Scholar