Exploring Technically Feasible and Economically Viable Hybrid Renewable Energy Solution for Off-Grid Electricity Supply Titl
oraz | 21 lut 2022
O artykule
Data publikacji: 21 lut 2022
Zakres stron: 9 - 22
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/ijanmc-2021-012
Słowa kluczowe
© 2021 Omorogiuwa Eseosa et al; published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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SPV OPTIMIZED RESULT
| Quantity | Value | Units |
|---|---|---|
| Rated Capacity | 30.00 | kW |
| Mean Output | 4.56 | kW |
| Mean Output | 109.39 | kWh/d |
| Capacity Factor | 15.19 | % |
| Total Production | 39,926.00 | kWh/yr |
| Minimum Output | 0.00 | kW |
| Maximum Output | 29.2 | kW |
| PV Penetraition | 135 | % |
| Hours of Operation | 4,418 | hrs/yr |
| Levelized Cost | 26.4 |
|
OPTIMIZED TOTAL SYSTEM COST
| Component | Capital |
Replacement |
O&M |
Fuel |
Salvage |
Total |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CELLCUBE® FB 10-40 |
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| Converter |
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| Generic flat plate PV |
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| ⊳ | Ofubu D/Genset |
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| Other |
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DG OPTIMIZED RESULTS
| Quantity | Value | Units |
|---|---|---|
| Hours of Operation | 1,374 | hrs/yr |
| Number of Starts | 316 | starts/yr |
| Operational Life | 63.8 | yr |
| Capacity Factor | 5.36 | % |
| Fixed Generation Cost | 84.4 |
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| Marginal Generation Cost | 41.0 |
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| Fuel Consumption | 1,338.00 | L |
| Specific Fuel Consumption | 0.37 | L/kWh |
| Fuel Energy Input | 13,558.00 | kWh/yr |
| Mean Electrical Efficiency | 27.50 | % |
| Electrical Production | 3,755.40 | kWh/yr |
| Mean Electrical Output | 2.73 | kW |
| Minimum Electrical Output | 2.00 | kW |
| Maximum Electrical Output | 8.00 | Kw |
EMISSIONS
| Emissions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pollutant | Emissions | Units |
| Carbon dioxide | 3655 | kg/yr |
| Carbon monoxide | 9 | kg/yr |
| Unbuned hydrocarbons | 1 | kg/yr |
| Partiuiole mattar | 1 | kg/yr |
| Sulfur dioxide | 7 | kg/yr |
| Nitrogen oxides | 81 | kg/yr |
DETAILS OF OFUBU VILLAGE
| PARTICULARS | DETAILS |
|---|---|
| Village Name | Ofubu (New Patani) |
| Nearby Town | Patani |
| Local Government Area | Sagbama |
| State | Bayelsa |
| Country | Nigeria |
| Latitude | 5ol3.7’N |
| Longitude | 6ol2.2’E |
| Area of Village (in hectares) | 300 |
| Forest land (in hectares) | >180 |
| River available | 1 |
| Water facility | 2 |
| Grid Electricity | 0 |
| Number of households | 30 |
| Total population | 109 |
| No. Males | 48 |
| No. Females | 61 |
| Educational facilities (Primary school) | 1 |
| Medical Facilities | 0 |
OPTIMAL LEAST COST HYBRID SYSTEM FOR THE CASE STUDY
| Production | kWh/r | % |
|---|---|---|
| Generic flat plate PV | 39,926 | 91.40 |
| Ofubu D/Genset | 3,755 | 3.60 |
| Total | 43,631 | 10O.OO |
BEST HYBRIDS AND SPV ONLY – PARAMETERS
| Configuration | Unit | Best Hybrid | SPV only |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diesel price | N/L | 150 | 0 |
| Solar PV | kW | 30 | 40 |
| Batteries-CELLCUBE® FB 10-4 | (Strings) | 3 | 10 |
| Converter | kW | 10 | 10 |
| Total Capital Cost | N | 11,400,000 | 22,900,000 |
| Total NPC | N | 21,059,724 | 25,447,960 |
| Total Annual Capital Cost | N/yr | 1,462,561 | 2,116,573 |
| Total Annual Replacement Cost | N/yr | 32,027 | 96,334 |
| Total O&M Cost | N/yr | 260,310 | 187,100 |
| Total Fuel Cost | N/yr | 208,195 | 0 |
| Total Annual Cost | N/yr | 1,946,484 | 2,352,073 |
| Operating Cost | N/yr | 483,921 | 235,500 |
| COE | N/kWh | 66.044 | 79.823 |
| PV Production | kWh/yr | 39,926 (91%) | 53,234 (100%) |
| Diesel Generator | kWh/yr | 3,755 (9%) | 0 |
| Total Electrical Production | kWh/yr | 43,681 | 53,234 |
| AC Primary Load | kWh/yr | 29,472 | 29,466 |
| Unmet Load | kWh/yr | 5 | 11 |
| Excess Electricity | kWh/yr | 3,515 | 11,258 |
| Capacity Shortage | kWh/yr | 14 | 29 |
ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY DEMAND FOR OFUBU VILLAGE
| S/N | Load | No. In Use | Power (Watts)/Unit | No. In Use x Power (Watt) | Hrs/Day | Watt-Hrs/Day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Low-energy Lights | 60 | 8 | 480 | 20 | 9600 |
| 2 | Security Light | 50 | 18 | 900 | 12 | 10800 |
| 3 | Street light | 4 | 100 | 400 | 12 | 4800 |
| 4 | Ceiling Fan | 20 | 30 | 600 | 10 | 6000 |
| 5 | Standing Fan | 5 | 15 | 75 | 10 | 750 |
| 6 | Refrigerator | 2 | 600 | 1200 | 15 | 18000 |
| 7 | Television | 4 | 100 | 400 | 18 | 7200 |
| 8 | Radio | 20 | 10 | 200 | 12 | 2400 |
| 9 | Water pump | 1 | 745.6 | 745.6 | 4 | 2982.4 |
| 10 | Local Palm Oil processing machine | 2 | 745.6 | 1491.2 | 8 | 11929.6 |
| 11 | Cassava Grinding Machine | 1 | 745.6 | 745.6 | 8 | 5964.8 |
| 12 | Others(Phone & Small devices) | 200 | 20 | 4000 | ||
| TOTAL | 84426.8 | |||||
| Average | 80760.13 |