<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Everybody who has learned English as a second or foreign language knows that for reaching intermediate levels, English is an easy language regarding grammar and vocabulary; however, when reaching advanced levels, the learners are faced with complex forms of morphology, syntax, and most obviously, they are faced with the difficulties that pronunciation presents. These are mainly the problems that occur with the English students whose native language is other than English. An experienced teacher of non-native speakers of English can easily recognize the causes of mispronunciation, which in most cases are lack of vocabulary, lack of practice, bad teaching experiences, lack of direct contact with the language, and lack of self-confidence. There are quite a lot of words in English, which are often mispronounced. Those who have just started to learn English as a foreign language, students at primary schools, adults using English as a means of communication and as a working tool, such as businessmen, politicians, administrators, doctors, accountants, and those studying English for teaching purposes, even the teachers of English are faced with the problems of proper pronunciation of words in English.The aim of this research is to identify the problems that the students in the Department of English Language and Literature in the Faculty of Languages, Cultures and Communication face with when they deal with pronunciation of lexical words.</abstract>

Problems with Pronunciation Among Students of English Language and Literature-Seeu

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Collecting data using an appropriate sampling technique is a challenging task for a researcher to do. The researchers will be unable to collect data from all possible situations, which will preclude them from answering the study’s research questions in their current form. In light of the enormous number and variety of sampling techniques/methods available, the researcher must be knowledgeable about the differences to select the most appropriate sampling technique/method for the specific study under consideration. In this context, this study also looks into the basic concepts in probability sampling, kinds of probability sampling techniques with their advantages and disadvantages. Social science researchers will benefit from this study since it will assist them in choosing the most suitable probability sampling technique(s) for completing their research smoothly and successfully.
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Sampling Techniques (Probability) for Quantitative Social Science Researchers: A Conceptual Guidelines with Examples

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Kolkata, one of the fastest growing metropolises in India has been suffering from air pollution for many decades. The rapid urbanization coupled with ineffective government control has been fuelling this problem. The study aims to portray the current air pollution situation in this megacity as it analyses the present level of different air pollutants like Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), NO2 and SO2. The result of the analysis shows the critical level of air pollutants specially the SPM and NO2 in different parts of city. By zoning the city into residential, commercial and industrial areas, the result shows the difference between the levels of pollution in each area. The second part of the study explored the seasonal variation of air pollution and it has been found all of the pollutants reach its highest concentration during winter. Extending the study, the paper also tries to establish the relationship between the air pollutants and metrological factors by using the Spearman’s Rank Correlation. The results show an inverse relation between the concentration of pollutants and the metrological factors such as precipitation, wind, temperature and relative humidity. Finally, a calculation of the change in pollution level during the two festive seasons is carried out and an increase in SPM concentration has been found during the celebrations of Kali Puja and Diwali.</abstract>

Air Pollution in Kolkata: An Analysis of Current Status and Interrelation between Different Factors

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Couple relations are characterized as relations of an intimate nature dominated by constant interaction or strong interdependence and mutual influence of intense feelings between spouses. In marriages where there is conflict, there are typical examples of interaction, which result in high proportion of negative communicative acts that affect the quality of marital relationships such as: loss of confidence, the emergence of frustration, feelings of anxiety, discomfort, leading to escalation of marital conflicts. Communication as a variable has a large impact on the resolution of marital conflicts. The obtained results of our research indicate that the choice of different strategies of behavior in conflict situations among our respondents primarily depend on: the degree of persistence in the pursuit of its own interests and level of cooperation in addressing the interests of others.In accordance with the model of behavior in conflict situations, spouses also chose the styles for resolving them. Spouses who perceive (consider) that they communicate openly unlike spouses who do not practice open communication, use the competition as a model of behavior in conflict situations and support rivalry as a style for conflict resolution. The choice of rivalry style as a style for resolving marital conflicts, among our respondents appears as a reflection of expressed wish for having an open fight for the realization of their interests, especially when it comes to the limitation of their rights by their spouses, failure to fulfill the emotional needs (lack of love, care, attention, understanding).But, the duration of the marital relationship as a dimension does not affect the use of certain styles for resolving marital conflicts among our respondents.</abstract>

Resolving Marital Conflicts

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Many governments in the world have created e-government initiatives including developed and developing countries. In order to better understand e-government evolution, different maturity models have been developed by many authors. In this paper the most cited e-government maturity models are analyzed using the meta-synthesis approach. As a result, five stages of e-government maturity are identified. The comparative results show the supported stages by each e-government initiative as important elements in the decision making process. This paper is attempting to show that although there are many models for measuring e-government maturity, they all converge on one common model. The contribution of this paper is in simplifying work for researchers when choosing the right maturity model.</abstract>

Measuring e-Government Maturity: A meta-synthesis approach

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> This paper explores the parallel interpretation of the funerals, the folk beliefs and the symbolic understandings of funeral customs in the Greek and the folk tradition in the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. Most of the Greek funeral customs, as well as those in the Macedonian folk tradition, can be connected with those that were practiced in other people and in other times. Although impression is gained that the ancient funeral customs have been forgotten, they have lived their development thus as they could, with the aim to satisfy the living and to give expression of human grief, pain, enthusiasm and even hope. In the Greek and Macedonian folk traditions, old beliefs and rites are present today as well in these areas. In some places they have been altered as a result of the contemporary views, and in some rural areas are almost identical as in the time when they first appeared. The aim is to show the similarities and differences within the scope of the funeral and magical - ritual actions between these two folk traditions that begin immediately after the death of a loved one and continue until the funeral. This paper will also offer a comparative analysis of the funeral customs between the Greek and the Macedonian folk tradition by observing the rudiments of the funeral customs that were practiced in the past. In certain cases they have been altered as a result of modern views, and in some rural areas they have remained unchanged </abstract>

The Funeral Customs in the Folk Traditions of Greece and the Territory of the Republic of Macedonia

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This white paper takes the unknown and the vague and movement towards/in those realms – as frames for a discussion of present practice and emergent potentiality of anthropological engagement with peace (building) studies. Arguably, embracing the unknown or vague as generative constants as well as fundamental elements of non-linear peacebuilding further open collaborative, communicative spaces of possibility. Aspects of this discussion are drawn from broader conceptual/methodological considerations in both peacebuilding and social anthropology so as to contribute to an interdisciplinary alignment. Furthermore, the positions and persuasions in this work are (in)formed by extensive, on-going examinations of research and narratives active in Southeast Europe today. By looking to emergent concepts in peace studies via anthropology while moving with regional-specific ethnographies that speak back against North Atlantic hegemonies, there is offered a discussion that brings local realities into transnational (socio-academic) deliberations.
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It's Ok To Coddiwomple: Anthropology, Peacebuilding and (Em)Bracing the Vague

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In the banking industry, data accuracy and integrity are paramount for ensuring regulatory compliance, operational efficiency, and risk management. However, manual data validation processes often lead to delays, errors, and inefficiencies, posing challenges for financial institutions. To address these issues, many banks are turning to automation to streamline data validation processes and improve accuracy. Using data automation, banks optimize time-consuming manual tasks such as data entry, validation, and retrieval by creating automated software processes that execute these tasks quickly and accurately. This case study examines how a hypothetical bank uses automation to improve data validation processes, focusing on Albanian Identity Numbers (AINs). By automating validation tasks, the bank enhances accuracy, compliance, and efficiency, mitigating the limitations of manual processes. The study outlines the implementation steps, discusses results, and highlights the importance of automating data validation in the banking sector.
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Automation of Data Validation Processes in Banking: A Case Study on Validating Albanian Identity Numbers

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Prescription as an institution of law throughout the history of its development from the Roman era to the present day has reflected the development of economic relations in society, thus serving the security and clarity of legal-civil relations.
If the legal relations of the civil circulation due to the inaction of the holders of subjective rights would remain in a state of uncertainty or a prolonged wait, this would cause negative consequences for third parties if it were not for the prescription institute. Given that this institute expresses the important principle that legal-civil conflicts must come to an end and their resolution avoids the difficulty in the judicial process due to the passage of a long time from the time of committing the violation of the right object of the conflict, the question logically arises: Can an institute that deprives the owner of the right only because another person has possessed it for a long time be legally justifiable?
In the Albanian legislation, which is based on the Italian and French legislations, there are shortcomings in terms of this institution, where it is presented as the least analyzed by the doctrine in terms of the justification of the reason for its existence and creation, as well as the terms of execution.
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Prescription: Types, Prescription Deadline and the Legal Consequences of Prescription

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Waste is increasing worldwide, causing many adverse impacts to the environment, human health, as well as the global climate. The increasing global waste generation trend is also reflected in North Macedonia, including Tetovo, where lower sustainable waste management practices pose an ongoing challenge.
This research offers a comprehensive examination of the city of Tetovo's waste management practices, focusing on its residents’ awareness levels and the undertaken strategies for sustainability. Building on existing research and new insights (especially those generated through the survey with Tetovo's citizens), it explores the historical evolution of waste management in Tetovo, highlighting past challenges and initiatives. With a focus on 'Municipal Public Services Co. (JPK) Tetova', the study navigates legislative hurdles, regional constraints, and potential for intermunicipal collaboration. Furthermore, it extracts Tetovo's community behaviors and awareness level through a conducted survey with citizens, which's insights reveal a significant gap between awareness and active citizen participation, underscoring the need for actionable recommendations.
Drawing upon theoretical frameworks like Waste Management Theory (WMT) and the “Zero Waste” concepts, this research explores opportunities for enhancing sustainability in Tetovo's waste management approach. Additionally, it discusses the implications of waste management on climate change, emphasizing the need for alignment with international standards to mitigate environmental impacts. Based on the literature review findings and survey data, the research proposes practical steps for improving waste management practices in Tetovo. These include collaborative initiatives, awareness-raising campaigns, educational programs, and measures for incentivizing compliance, all centered around a citizen-centric approach. By implementing these recommendations, Tetovo can progress towards a more efficient, environmentally conscious waste management system, benefiting present and future generations. Furthermore, stakeholders are encouraged to leverage the insights from this study to collaboratively implement effective strategies for fostering sustainable waste management practices, thereby empowering citizens to contribute actively to environmental conservation efforts.
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From Awareness to Action: Tetovo's Journey in Waste Management

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In recent years in North Macedonia, there has been a noticeable and steady rise in the prevalence of non-marital unions or domestic partnerships, alongside a decline in the number of marriages and an increase in divorces. This trend mirrors developments seen across Europe, signaling significant shifts in the perception, function, and role of the institution of marriage and family over recent decades. Across European nations, various models of legal frameworks govern non-marital unions. These differences encompass conditions for existence and legal recognition, the legal consequences of domestic partnership, and procedures for its dissolution. While some countries require registration and fulfillment of specific criteria for legal recognition and effects of non-marital unions, others, like North Macedonia, do not impose such prerequisites.
In certain jurisdictions, the legal ramifications of non-marital unions closely resemble those of marriage, encompassing both personal and property rights between non-marital partners. However, in the Republic of North Macedonia, the law predominantly focuses on regulating property relations between such partners, granting them certain rights—a focal point of this research paper.
The legal framework governing the property relations of non-marital partners holds significant importance, particularly in safeguarding the financial security of economically vulnerable partners and ensuring the protection of any shared children.
The methods employed in this research include theoretical analysis and the comparative method, drawing upon the legal frameworks and practices of Croatia, France, and Italy alongside North Macedonia. Through these analytical approaches, we aim to elucidate the intricate dynamics of domestic partnerships and their implications for individuals and families in contemporary society.
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Comparative Analysis of Property Rights of Non-Marital Partners in North Macedonia and Selected European Union Countries

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This paper examines the factors influencing Kosovo's economic growth from 2009 to 2022, specifically investigating the relationship between export, capital formation, consumption, and economic growth using co-integration analysis and the Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR). The findings indicate that exports of goods and services, as well as household consumption, negatively affect economic growth. Conversely, gross capital formation positively impacts economic growth. The study underscores the complexity of economic growth, highlighting the varied significance of different determinants in different contexts. Key findings reveal that while export and gross capital formation are significant contributors to economic growth, household consumption shows an insignificant relationship to GDP. This research contributes to the ongoing debate on the critical factors influencing economic growth, providing empirical evidence from the context of Kosovo and enhancing our understanding of these dynamics, thus offering new insights for policymakers.
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Determinants of Economic Growth in the Republic of Kosovo

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>As a product of globalization and as a fruit of new public diplomacy, digital diplomacy is considered one of the major trends of the twenty-first century in diplomatic communication. Being under the influence of the extraordinary advances in ICT, the internet and social media, the way of realization and presentation of diplomacy has been radically changed and is increasingly removed from the traditional diplomatic elements. The importance of digital diplomacy is based on the usage of ICT, the internet and social media, which at the same time represent its base, for the strengthening of the diplomatic relations. Therefore, knowledge about the role and importance of digital diplomacy is indispensable. This paper will offer information on the definition, goals, evolution and effectiveness of the digital diplomacy. Meanwhile, the main focus of the research lies in the classification of its benefits and risks. For international actors is more than clear how useful is exploitation of digital diplomacy benefits for achieving their goals in the international arena. However, the process of digitization is unseparated from cyber risks, as well as the freedom of the internet and social media is abused for various purposes that state and non-state actors may have. Although coupled with benefits on the one hand and risks on the other hand, the risks of digital diplomacy are still covered by benefits, making digital diplomacy a key element for the realization of diplomatic activities. Based on all the information over the features of the topic, the primary goal of the paper is to provide sufficient arguments for verifying the abovementioned hypothesis, which is also the general hypothesis of the paper.</abstract>

The Benefits and Risks of Digital Diplomacy

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Online learning is becoming a commonplace in different settings starting from elementary, secondary and higher levels of education. Different educational institutions use different communication tools to promote learning because the expansive nature of the Internet and the accessibility of technology have generated a surge in the demand for web-based teaching and learning across the nations (Chaney, 2010). The online teaching and learning have become a necessity for education around the globe during COVID 19-pandemic. There are several challenges which are faced during online classes because the students must have strong self-motivation skills and be very disciplined to achieve the desired learning results.This paper presents and analyzes the data on the benefits and challenges of online teaching at South East European University (SEEU) during COVID 19 pandemic. The participants of the study are students of the BA level majoring in English Language and Literature and German Language and Literature at SEEU in Tetovo, North Macedonia. To answer the research questions, we have used a student questionnaire, interviews, and student reflection papers written during the online courses.Overall, the research indicates that benefits of online coursework outweigh the challenges that students face during the online classes. From a safety perspective, this study emphasizes the need to consider the impact of online teaching on student motivation and the paper raises important questions about how to best support students enrolled in online courses. Further research is needed in order to better evaluate the benefits, challenges, and useful strategies of successful students enrolled in online courses.</abstract>

Online Learning Benefits and Challenges During the COVID 19 - Pandemic-Students’ Perspective from SEEU

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The Covid-19 virus appeared very fast around the globe and caused many damages to all of us. It caused many troubles in different fields such as: economics, business, factories, education etc. Many institutions around the world faced challenges and tried to find solutions. But the most difficult challenge was about online teaching; most of the countries suggested many strategies and methods to teach students and learners through distinctive materials and online platforms. It was suggested to use online programs as Google Classroom, Google Meet, Skype, Zoom and many other technological tools in order to help learners to continue with their studies. Using online platform in our country was very demanding because of many factors that influenced all of us. Although many teachers from different schools used many devices during the pandemic, ZOOM was the main one. Teachers had different experiences and challenges during their teaching process through online platforms. They had many problems especially in the assessment and evaluation part; it was very difficult to evaluate learners through technology instruments and grading them correctly. This study is about teachers’ experience with the ZOOM platform, to discover if teachers had difficulties with online teaching during the pandemic. This case study's outcomes present valuable information to the teachers and future researches because there is a limited number of studies in this field.</abstract>

Teachers’ Experiences with Online Teaching Using the Zoom Platform with EFL Teachers in High Schools in Kumanova

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The purpose of this article is to discuss the importance of soft skills in the context of higher education and in the context of the foreign language learning classroom. The article aims to define the notion of soft skills and to offer possible ways of grouping soft skills. It also provides ways of including soft skills instruction in the context of higher education. In addition, the article aims to propose models of implementing soft skills in foreign language learning and teaching situations and to suggest teaching procedures and activities which will facilitate the introduction of soft skills in the EFL (English as a foreign language) classroom at South East European University. The article also aims to discuss the need of including soft skills in undergraduate studies curricula and to provide arguments in favour of including soft skills. The article will also present participants’ views and perceptions, collected via survey, of the importance and necessity of soft skills for their future careers and workplaces. The conclusion will offer some practical suggestions regarding soft skill inclusion in the EFL classroom.</abstract>

Integrating soft skills in higher education and the EFL classroom: Knowledge beyond language learning

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SEEU Review

The Journal of South East European University

Call for papersSEEU Review Volume 19 Issue 1The deadline for submission of papers is 15 April...

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