<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Plants are known to possess enormous profound benefits, which if well incorporated in daily living have the potential to influence our health in ways unexpected. Significant progress has been made concerning the anti-oxidative and anti-cancerous effect of bioactive components in food products, worthy of note in the curcuminoids derived from turmeric (<italic>Curcuma longa</italic>) rhizomes. Therefore, to this end, this research aims to describe succinctly the phytocomponents, antioxidant activity and anti-microbial activity of turmeric methanol extract. The zones of inhibition were measured after plating on a Mueller Hinton agar plate and compared to the standards penicillin G and chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol used as a positive control was found to be most effective on <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> while <italic>Curcuma longa</italic> methanol extract and penicillin G were found to have the same microbial inhibition due to the negative control. Compared to the IC50 values of Ascorbic acid which was 5 mg/ ml, Curcuma longa methanol extract had a lower IC50 value is 3.2 mg/ml which according to previous literature is a good one given that lower IC50 values indicate great antioxidant activity. It was gathered by the observation that the qualitative extraction of <italic>Curcuma longa</italic> using methanol shows the presence of varying chemical components such as AR-tumerone, arachinsaeure, alpha-tumerone amongst others. Research data suggest that ar-turmerone has the potential to promote the positive and negative proliferation of tumor cell lines. As a result, <italic>Curcuma longa</italic> has high potential to be developed into an antibiotic against Methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> and other clinically important bacterial strains in future.</p></abstract>

Detection of Biological Activity of <italic>Curcuma longa</italic> Methanol Extract and Its Antibacterial effect on <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The aim of this study was to compare three diagnostic methods for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and to detect subtypes of<italic>Cryptosporidium parvum</italic> by sequences analyses of <italic>gp60</italic> gene in diarrheic calves in several herds in Konya province located in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Fecal samples were collected from a total of 194 pre-weaned calves (n=158, ≤15 days old, and n=36, 15 to 40 days old), with diarrhoea. For comparative diagnosis, all samples were examined by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining of fecal smears for the presence of oocyst, nested PCR-RFLP of SSU rRNA and TaqMan qPCR for the detection of <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> DNA. A total of 92 (47.4%) and 104 (53.6%) out of the examined samples were found positive by microscopic examination and molecular tools, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of microscopic identification were determined as 88.5% and 100.0%, respectively compared to molecular assays. <italic>Cryptosporidium parvum</italic> was the only detected species in all positive samples by species-specific qPCR and nested PCR-RFLP assays. Species identifications were further confirmed by sequence analyses of the SSU rRNA PCR products. There was no statistically significant difference in <italic>C. parvum</italic> prevalence between early pre-weaned calves and calves older than 15 days. The sequence analyses of the <italic>gp60</italic> gene of <italic>C. parvum</italic> isolates revealed a one subtype IIaA13G2R1 belonging to zoonotic family IIa in diarrheic calves</p></abstract>

Comparison of three diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and <italic>gp</italic>60 subtyping of <italic>Cryptosporidium parvum</italic> in diarrheic calves in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Aloeswood or Agarwood has long been perfumery commodity traded between Mediterranean Region and Southeast Asia since ancient times. Oil or chips are obtained by destructive harvesting of several Thymeleaceous genera includes <italic>Aquilaria</italic> and <italic>Gonystylus</italic> and are expensive and highly demanded ingredients in the global market. The recent recovery of <italic>Gyrinops walla</italic> as a potential producer of market-quality agarwood in mature damaged woods and branches, the intense illicit felling and exportation <italic>G. walla</italic> leading to the verge of extinction from Sri Lankan flora. The sustainable utilization of <italic>G. walla</italic> undoubtedly enhances the foreign exchange of the country and the non-destructive utilization <italic>G. walla</italic> through biotechnology is the only option available for sustainable exploitation and conservation of the vulnerable <italic>G. walla</italic> species. An electro-elicitation apparatuses were designed and built to stimulate calli and cell suspensions. The elicited and calli and cell suspensions were harvested at different time periods to extract sesquiterpenes. Current intensities of 10 mA and 50 mA, and 0.1 mA were the optimum values for the induction of sesquiterpenes; γ-selinene, β-caryophyllene, α-cadinol and α-guaiene, production in both calli and cell suspension after 8 weeks and 6 hours, respectively. The findings of the study led to conclude the possibility of induction of production of sesquiterpenes through electro-elicitation of <italic>G. walla</italic> calli and cell suspension in an in vitro system for sustainable utilization and conservation endeavours.</p></abstract>

<italic>In vitro</italic> production of sesquiterpenes by electro-elicitation in <italic>Gyrinops walla</italic> Gaetner calli and cell suspension cultures

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Carnitine (β-hydroxy-γ-trimethyl amino butyrate) is, a vitamin-like substance carrying long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. Due to its effect in energy metabolism, carnitine plays an important role in controlling diabetes and its complications. Studies on this topic have often focused on carnitine supplementation. This study was planned to investigate the relationship between serum carnitine level, glucose regulation and body fat in diabetic patients. A total of 64 people between the ages of 30-5, 32 patients with type 2 diabetes and 32 healthy subjects, were included in the study. Individual lipid profiles, glucose, insulin and serum carnitine levels were analyzed, anthropometric measurements were taken and 24-hour recall food consumption was recorded. As a result, blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, VLDL-C, HDL-C and HOMA-IR were found to be higher in diabetic individuals than healthy group (p&lt;0,05). Serum carnitine levels were found to be significantly lower in diabetic male (50,6±20,83 nmol/mL) than in healthy male (59,5±17,25 nmol/mL)(p&lt;0,05). This difference was not statistically significant among female (p>0,05). It has been observed that intake of energy and macronutrients of diabetic individuals is generally lower than that of healthy individuals. Serum carnitine level was positively associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acid intake in male in the healthy group showed a negative correlation with fiber intake in female in the healthy group (p&lt;0,05). There were negative correlations between serum carnitine level with body weight, body mass index and body fat mass in female in the healthy group (p&lt;0,05). Individuals with diabetes are predisposed to dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. As a result; food consumption, and body fat affect individuals’ serum carnitine levels in type-2 diabetes. Since there is not enough study evaluating the relationship between anthropometric measurements of individuals and serum carnitine levels, it is thought that this result will guide future studies.</p>
</abstract>

The Association Between Serum Carnitine Level, Glucose Regulation, Body Fat and Nutrient Intake in Diabetic Individuals

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_ebtj-2021-0012_s_007">
<h3>Background</h3>
<p>Citric acid, an intermediate product of the Krebs cycle, has a wide usage area in the food industry since it has some functions such as acidulant, flavouring agent, preservative and antioxidant. Although molds are the most commonly used microorganisms in the citric acid production, it is known that there are significant advantages of using yeasts.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_ebtj-2021-0012_s_008">
<h3>Purpose and scope</h3>
<p>The microbial citric acid production mechanism needs to be well understood to make production more efficient. In this study, the yeasts used in the production, fermentation types and the factors affecting production were reviewed with studies.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_ebtj-2021-0012_s_009">
<h3>Methodology</h3>
<p>Although production of citric acid can be produced by chemical synthesis, the fermentation is preferred because of its low cost and ease of use. More than 90% of citric acid produced in the world is obtained by fermentation.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_ebtj-2021-0012_s_010">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p><italic>Yarrowia lipolytica</italic>, <italic>Candida zeylanoides</italic> and <italic>Candida oleophila</italic> are evaluated for citric acid production with substrates such as molasses, glucose, sucrose and glycerol. On the other hand, there is great interest in developing processes with new substrates and/ or microorganisms.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_ebtj-2021-0012_s_011">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Although the microbial strain is an important factor, the factors such as carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen sources, aeration, the presence of trace elements and pH are also parameters affecting the production.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Citric Acid Production of Yeasts: An Overview

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The EuroBiotech Journal

The EuroBiotech Journal is the official journal of the The European Biotechnology Thematic Network Association (EBTNA) and is published periodically every three months. It covers both the science of biotechnology. The journal publishes peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, brief reports, short communications and opinions in various areas of biotechnology. The EuroBiotech Journal presents the full diversity of biotechnology science, particularly advances in research and developments that open opportunities for exploitation of knowledge, commercially or otherwise, together with discussion and comment on broader issues of general interest and concern. The outlook is fully international.  The scope of the EuroBiotech Journal includes the research and industrial aspects of biotechnology, in areas including: Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals; Immunotherapy and Diagnostics; Genetic Engineering; Gene-Editing; Protein Engineering; Genomics; Synthetic Biology; Molecular technologies; Nanotechnology; Bioinformatics and Databases; and Digital technologies and Artificial Intelligence, where they relate to biotechnology.  The EuroBiotech Journal publishes only online, and all articles are available on our website free of charge. Each work will receive a unique DOI (Digital Object Identifier) number.  The EuroBiotech Journal is committed to publishing works in the field of biotechnology by researchers from all over the World which are innovative and contribute to scientific knowledge.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

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Volume 5 (2021): Issue 2 (April 2021)

Research Article

Detection of Biological Activity of Curcuma longa Methanol Extract and Its Antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus

Comparison of three diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and gp60 subtyping of Cryptosporidium parvum in diarrheic calves in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey

In vitro production of sesquiterpenes by electro-elicitation in Gyrinops walla Gaetner calli and cell suspension cultures

The Association Between Serum Carnitine Level, Glucose Regulation, Body Fat and Nutrient Intake in Diabetic Individuals

Review

Citric Acid Production of Yeasts: An Overview

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