Period | Work regime (in general) |
---|---|
January 1, 1999–March 31, 2003 | Asylum seekers can work with work permit B |
April 1, 2003–May 31, 2007 | Admissible asylum seekers can work with work permit C |
June 1, 2007–January 11, 2010 | Asylum seekers can work if no negative decision 6 months after asylum application with work permit C |
January 12, 2011–December 31, 2014 | Asylum seekers can work if no negative decision 6 months after asylum application with work permit C, but asylum seekers who work need to contribute to the cost of the reception center |
Asylum seekers who have substantially secure income from employment need to leave the reception center |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 0.78 | 0.04*** | 0.02* | 0.82 |
Linear specification of time | 1.02*** | 0.94*** | 0.97 | 1.03*** |
Natural logarithm of time | 0.47*** | 1.32* | 0.34*** | 0.40*** |
Family | 1.40*** | 1.36** | 0.84 | 1.47*** |
Refugee | 1.77*** | 3.15*** | 5.03*** | 0.72* |
Male | 0.83*** | 0.85* | 1.10 | 0.81** |
Age | 0.92*** | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.90*** |
Age squared | 1.00** | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00** |
Medium | 0.82*** | 0.75** | 0.70* | 0.86** |
High | 0.68*** | 0.49*** | 0.43*** | 0.78*** |
Flanders | 1.10* | 0.95 | 0.78* | 1.18** |
Wallonia | 1.14** | 1.45*** | 1.38* | 1.04 |
Europe non-EU | 1.40*** | 1.72** | 3.40*** | 1.29* |
Turkey and North Africa | 1.74*** | 3.00*** | 3.51*** | 1.40*** |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.97*** | 1.95*** | 7.47*** | 1.70*** |
Asia | 1.48*** | 0.87 | 5.04*** | 1.48*** |
America | 1.03 | 0.57 | 1.61 | 1.11 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Labor | 1.81*** | 1.86*** | 0.98 | -0.17*** |
Family | 4.45*** | 5.58*** | 2.03*** | -0.56*** |
Refugee | 4.65*** | 7.61*** | 2.38** | -0.85*** |
Refugees | Family migrants | Labor migrants | Native-born | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Female | 43.5 | 65.8 | 38.2 | 49.2 |
Male | 56.5 | 34.2 | 61.8 | 50.8 |
29.6 | 30.1 | 31.6 | ||
Low | 52.4 | 44.5 | 28.5 | 27.3 |
Medium | 28.9 | 29.8 | 32.2 | 37.5 |
High | 18.7 | 25.7 | 39.3 | 35.2 |
Brussels | 23.6 | 33.6 | 40.5 | 5.7 |
Flanders | 53.4 | 43.0 | 41.4 | 62.5 |
Wallonia | 23.0 | 23.4 | 18.0 | 31.8 |
EU | 1.5 | 25.7 | 75.8 | |
Europe non-EU | 30.6 | 7.4 | 3.0 | |
Turkey and North Africa | 7.2 | 39.2 | 9.4 | |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 33.4 | 10.4 | 5.0 | |
Asia | 26.7 | 11.7 | 4.2 | |
USA | 0.6 | 5.5 | 2.6 | |
1999 | 6.1 | 3.6 | 5.6 | |
2000 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 6.7 | |
2001 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 6.8 | |
2002 | 12.6 | 7.8 | 8.3 | |
2003 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.0 | |
2004 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 10.5 | |
2005 | 14.1 | 15.6 | 13.7 | |
2006 | 11.2 | 14.8 | 13.7 | |
2007 | 14.7 | 12.8 | 12.0 | |
2008 | 6.8 | 8.8 | 8.3 | |
2009 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 5.4 | |
2008 | 11.7 | 12.4 | 12.8 | 20.2 |
2009 | 14.4 | 16.6 | 16.4 | 20.2 |
2010 | 19.2 | 20.6 | 20.3 | 20.2 |
2011 | 24.5 | 25.8 | 25.2 | 19.9 |
2012 | 30.2 | 24.6 | 25.4 | 19.5 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Family | 0.34*** | 0.46*** | 0.31*** | 0.29*** |
Refugee | 0.26*** | 0.17*** | 0.013*** | 0.11*** |
Family*time | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.03*** | 1.04*** |
Refugee*time | 1.07** | 1.07*** | 1.10*** | 1.12*** |