Variable | Men | Women | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foreign firms | Domestic firms | Foreign firms | Domestic firms | |||||
Mean | StdDev | Mean | StdDev | Mean | StdDev | Mean | StdDev | |
Real total monthly earnings (Zlotys) | 7644.0 | 6626.5 | 5075.8 | 4371.3 | 6223.5 | 5235.2 | 3986.6 | 3067.2 |
Log (real total monthly earnings) | 8.715 | 0.637 | 8.342 | 0.564 | 8.538 | 0.585 | 8.144 | 0.491 |
Age (years) | 33.8 | 8.2 | 35.2 | 10.0 | 32.8 | 7.4 | 35.1 | 9.3 |
Secondary school (%) | 2.3 | 14.9 | 3.3 | 17.8 | 2.4 | 15.4 | 5.0 | 21.8 |
Post-secondary school/no degree (%) | 18.7 | 39.0 | 24.6 | 43.0 | 11.1 | 31.4 | 15.1 | 35.8 |
Undergrad degree (%) | 16.9 | 37.5 | 16.0 | 36.7 | 13.9 | 34.6 | 14.1 | 34.8 |
Incomplete Master’s degree (%) | 3.9 | 19.4 | 3.5 | 18.3 | 3.6 | 18.7 | 2.8 | 16.5 |
Master’s degree (%) | 24.6 | 43.1 | 22.7 | 41.9 | 51.9 | 50.0 | 48.9 | 50.0 |
Master’s in engineering (%) | 29.7 | 45.7 | 22.6 | 41.8 | 15.6 | 36.3 | 12.0 | 32.5 |
Postgraduate training (%) | 15.9 | 36.6 | 14.0 | 34.7 | 25.2 | 43.4 | 23.8 | 42.6 |
MBA (%) | 2.3 | 14.9 | 1.1 | 10.3 | 1.6 | 12.7 | 0.6 | 7.8 |
Good or very good knowledge of English (%) | 72.4 | 44.7 | 54.2 | 49.8 | 75.6 | 42.9 | 52.7 | 49.9 |
Number of other foreign languages known at the good or very good levels |
0.197 | 0.449 | 0.185 | 0.434 | 0.299 | 0.533 | 0.237 | 0.477 |
Independent job search (%) | 53.7 | 49.9 | 52.9 | 49.9 | 56.1 | 49.6 | 54.6 | 49.8 |
Job search through employment bureau (%) | 0.9 | 9.6 | 3.2 | 17.5 | 1.4 | 11.7 | 5.5 | 22.9 |
Internal job recruitment (%) | 22.7 | 41.9 | 28.3 | 45.0 | 21.2 | 40.8 | 26.1 | 43.9 |
Job promotion (%) | 6.9 | 25.3 | 1.8 | 13.4 | 6.3 | 24.4 | 1.5 | 12.2 |
Instrumental variables (IV): | ||||||||
27.7 | 44.7 | 30.9 | 46.2 | 24.3 | 42.9 | 26.9 | 44.4 | |
17.1 | 37.7 | 18.9 | 39.1 | 16.4 | 37.0 | 19.1 | 39.3 | |
21.2 | 40.9 | 17.8 | 38.2 | 19.3 | 39.4 | 19.2 | 39.4 | |
Observations | 118,894 | 208,417 | 74,201 | 174,996 |
Specifications | Men | Women | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Without industry and department controls | With industry and department controls | Without industry and department controls | With industry and department controls | |
Panel A: OLS estimation without using the IV variables as controls | ||||
0.2315 |
0.2252 |
0.2621 |
0.2315 |
|
Observations | 279,094 | 279,081 | 192,061 | 192,048 |
Panel B: OLS estimation with using the IV variables as controls | ||||
0.2302 |
0.2231 |
0.2581 |
0.2256 |
|
Observations | 279,094 | 279,081 | 192,061 | 192,048 |
Panel C: Traditional 2SLS estimation | ||||
0.5398 |
0.7161 |
1.3936 |
1.5407 |
|
Hausman test | 117.96 |
309.33 |
957.97 |
1,589.47 |
Observations | 279,094 | 279,081 | 192,061 | 192,048 |
Panel D: RX-2SLS estimation | ||||
0.3557 |
0.1253 |
0.6020 |
0.6534 |
|
Hausman test | 3.04 |
2.02 | 23.85 |
48.00 |
Observations | 327,311 | 327,296 | 249,197 | 249,182 |