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Comparative Toxicity of Lunar, Martian Dust Simulants, and Urban Dust in Human Skin Fibroblast Cells

James T.F. Wise

James T.F. Wise

Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern MainePortland, ME, United States
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Wise, James T.F.
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Hong Xie

Hong Xie

Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern MainePortland, ME, United States
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Xie, Hong
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John Pierce Wise

John Pierce Wise

Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern MainePortland, ME, United States
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Wise, John Pierce
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Michael Mason

Michael Mason

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of MaineOrono, ME, United States
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Mason, Michael
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Antony Jeevarajan

Antony Jeevarajan

NASA Johnson Space CenterHouston, TX, United States
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Jeevarajan, Antony
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William Wallace

William Wallace

Wyle Science, Technology, and Engineering GroupHouston, TX, United States
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Wallace, William
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John Pierce Wise

John Pierce Wise

Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern MainePortland, ME, United States
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Wise, John Pierce
  
01 lug 2015
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Categoria dell'articolo: Research Article
Pubblicato online: 01 lug 2015
Pagine: 51 - 58
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2015-0005
Parole chiave
© 2015 James T.F. Wise et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Cytotoxicity of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 24 h Exposure. This figure shows lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust are cytotoxic to BJhTERT cells after a 24 hour exposure. The very fine lunar dust simulant and the Mars dust simulant were the most cytotoxic. For JSC-1A-f, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For JSC-1A-vf, concentrations of 25, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For Mars-1A, concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For urban dust, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). Data represent an average of three experiments ± standard error of mean.
Cytotoxicity of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 24 h Exposure. This figure shows lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust are cytotoxic to BJhTERT cells after a 24 hour exposure. The very fine lunar dust simulant and the Mars dust simulant were the most cytotoxic. For JSC-1A-f, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For JSC-1A-vf, concentrations of 25, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For Mars-1A, concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For urban dust, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). Data represent an average of three experiments ± standard error of mean.

Figure 2.

Cytotoxicity of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 120 h Exposure. This figure shows lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust are cytotoxic to BJhTERT cells after a 120 hour exposure. The very fine lunar dust simulant and the Mars dust simulant are the most cytotoxic. For JSC-1A-f, concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For JSC-1A-vf, concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.001). For Mars-1A, concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p< .05). For urban dust, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). Data represent an average of three experiments ± standard error of mean.
Cytotoxicity of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 120 h Exposure. This figure shows lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust are cytotoxic to BJhTERT cells after a 120 hour exposure. The very fine lunar dust simulant and the Mars dust simulant are the most cytotoxic. For JSC-1A-f, concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For JSC-1A-vf, concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.001). For Mars-1A, concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p< .05). For urban dust, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). Data represent an average of three experiments ± standard error of mean.

Figure 3.

Chromosome Damage of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 120 h Exposure. This figure shows that lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust do not significantly increase chromosome damage after a 120 hour exposure. Data represent an average of 3 experiments ± standard error of mean. Panel (A) shows the percent of metaphases with damage. Panel (B) shows the total chromosome damage in 100 metaphases. * Indicates no metaphases (50 and 100 μg/cm2 for JSC-1A-vf and 100 μg/cm2 for Mars-1A).
Chromosome Damage of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 120 h Exposure. This figure shows that lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust do not significantly increase chromosome damage after a 120 hour exposure. Data represent an average of 3 experiments ± standard error of mean. Panel (A) shows the percent of metaphases with damage. Panel (B) shows the total chromosome damage in 100 metaphases. * Indicates no metaphases (50 and 100 μg/cm2 for JSC-1A-vf and 100 μg/cm2 for Mars-1A).

Mass median diameters (MMD) of the lunar and Martian dust simulants and urban dust as determined by dynamic light scattering_

Chemical MMD (µm)
JSC-1A-f 1.470
JSC-1A-vf 0.726
Urban dust 0.169
Mars-1A 0.133
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