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Journals
Gravitational and Space Research
Volume 3 (2015): Issue 1 (July 2015)
Open Access
Comparative Toxicity of Lunar, Martian Dust Simulants, and Urban Dust in Human Skin Fibroblast Cells
James T.F. Wise
James T.F. Wise
,
Hong Xie
Hong Xie
,
John Pierce Wise
John Pierce Wise
,
Michael Mason
Michael Mason
,
Antony Jeevarajan
Antony Jeevarajan
,
William Wallace
William Wallace
and
John Pierce Wise
John Pierce Wise
| Jul 01, 2015
Gravitational and Space Research
Volume 3 (2015): Issue 1 (July 2015)
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Article Category:
Research Article
Published Online:
Jul 01, 2015
Page range:
51 - 58
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2015-0005
© 2015 James T.F. Wise et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Figure 1.
Cytotoxicity of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 24 h Exposure. This figure shows lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust are cytotoxic to BJhTERT cells after a 24 hour exposure. The very fine lunar dust simulant and the Mars dust simulant were the most cytotoxic. For JSC-1A-f, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For JSC-1A-vf, concentrations of 25, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For Mars-1A, concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For urban dust, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). Data represent an average of three experiments ± standard error of mean.
Figure 2.
Cytotoxicity of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 120 h Exposure. This figure shows lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust are cytotoxic to BJhTERT cells after a 120 hour exposure. The very fine lunar dust simulant and the Mars dust simulant are the most cytotoxic. For JSC-1A-f, concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For JSC-1A-vf, concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.001). For Mars-1A, concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p< .05). For urban dust, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). Data represent an average of three experiments ± standard error of mean.
Figure 3.
Chromosome Damage of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 120 h Exposure. This figure shows that lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust do not significantly increase chromosome damage after a 120 hour exposure. Data represent an average of 3 experiments ± standard error of mean. Panel (A) shows the percent of metaphases with damage. Panel (B) shows the total chromosome damage in 100 metaphases. * Indicates no metaphases (50 and 100 μg/cm2 for JSC-1A-vf and 100 μg/cm2 for Mars-1A).
Mass median diameters (MMD) of the lunar and Martian dust simulants and urban dust as determined by dynamic light scattering.
Chemical
MMD (µm)
JSC-1A-f
1.470
JSC-1A-vf
0.726
Urban dust
0.169
Mars-1A
0.133
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