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Study on Motion Sensing Using Textile Electrodes-Focusing on the Application of PANI Conductive Material

Chenlu Wang
Chenlu Wang
 e 
Hayoung Song
Hayoung Song
   | 08 apr 2024
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe's Cover Image
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Article Category: Research Article
Pubblicato online: 08 apr 2024
Pagine: 1 - 16
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2024-0011
Parole chiave
Łukasiewicz Research Network-Łódź Institute of Technology, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

Basic information of two-comb warp-knitted fabric
Basic information of two-comb warp-knitted fabric

Fig. 2.

Before and after plasma treatment of warp-knitted fabric. (a) Untreated warp-knitted fabric. (b) Plasma-treated warp-knitted fabric
Before and after plasma treatment of warp-knitted fabric. (a) Untreated warp-knitted fabric. (b) Plasma-treated warp-knitted fabric

Fig. 3.

Resistance variation of (a) PCCWKF-1 at a strain of 10%
Resistance variation of (a) PCCWKF-1 at a strain of 10%

Fig. 4.

Resistance variation of (b) PCCWKF-2 at a strain of 10%
Resistance variation of (b) PCCWKF-2 at a strain of 10%

Fig. 5.

Resistance variation of (c) PCCWKF-4 at a strain of 10%
Resistance variation of (c) PCCWKF-4 at a strain of 10%

Fig. 6.

Resistance variation of (d) PCCWKF-6 at a strain of 10%
Resistance variation of (d) PCCWKF-6 at a strain of 10%

Fig. 7.

Picture of network model of two bar tricot fabric. (a) Structure. (b) Resistance
Picture of network model of two bar tricot fabric. (a) Structure. (b) Resistance

Fig. 8.

Repeatability of strain-resistance sensing of (a) PCCWKF-1, (b) PCCWKF-2, (c) PCCWKF-3 and (d) PCCWKF-4 at 5% strain
Repeatability of strain-resistance sensing of (a) PCCWKF-1, (b) PCCWKF-2, (c) PCCWKF-3 and (d) PCCWKF-4 at 5% strain

Fig. 9.

Fabric sensor
Fabric sensor

Fig. 10.

Sensors on the waist of the clothing
Sensors on the waist of the clothing

Fig. 11.

Respiration monitoring experiment
Respiration monitoring experiment

Fig. 12.

Resistance variation of sensor of during sleeing,sitting and running for 5 mins
Resistance variation of sensor of during sleeing,sitting and running for 5 mins

Fig. 13.

Resistance variation of the sensor elbow motion monitoring at 0, 30, 60, 90 degrees
Resistance variation of the sensor elbow motion monitoring at 0, 30, 60, 90 degrees

Fig. 14.

Resistance variation of the elbow motion monitoring sensor in one cycle at 0, 30, 60, and 90 degrees in the pre-experiment
Resistance variation of the elbow motion monitoring sensor in one cycle at 0, 30, 60, and 90 degrees in the pre-experiment

Fig. 15.

Resistance variation of the knee motion monitoring sensor in one cycle of the pre-experiment
Resistance variation of the knee motion monitoring sensor in one cycle of the pre-experiment

Fig. 16.

Resistance variation of the knee motion monitoring sensor
Resistance variation of the knee motion monitoring sensor

Fig. 17.

Resistance variation of the knee motion monitoring sensor in one cycle of the pre-experiment
Resistance variation of the knee motion monitoring sensor in one cycle of the pre-experiment

Sensitivity of PCCWKF-2 at different time periods (5%) The sensitivities of PCCWKF-3 are 9.05, 8.62 and 8.46.

Period Cycle Highest value of R/R0 Lowest value of R/R0 GF Average value of GF
0~10 s 1 1 0.44499 11.100 11.52
2 1.03401 0.44473 11.786
3 1.03231 0.44462 11.754
4 1.02977 0.44615 11.672
5 1.02921 0.44673 11.650
6 1.02753 0.44721 11.606
7 1.02501 0.44769 11.546
8 1.02029 0.44881 11.430
9 1.01864 0.45031 11.367
10 1.01727 0.45155 11.314
495~505 s 1 0.75657 0.35792 7.973 8.07
2 0.75626 0.35816 7.962
3 0.76008 0.35799 8.042
4 0.74462 0.35761 7.740
5 0.76269 0.35732 8.107
6 0.76377 0.35674 8.141
7 0.76424 0.35647 8.155
8 0.76486 0.35603 8.177
9 0.76625 0.35593 8.206
10 0.76813 0.3561 8.241
990~1000 s 1 0.72278 0.35486 7.358 7.53
2 0.72556 0.35489 7.413
3 0.72696 0.35435 7.452
4 0.72752 0.35425 7.465
5 0.72991 0.35415 7.515
6 0.7319 0.35405 7.557
7 0.73289 0.35349 7.588
8 0.73361 0.35302 7.612
9 0.73532 0.35352 7.636
10 0.73719 0.35289 7.686

Sensitivity of PCCWKF-1 at different time periods (5%) The sensitivities of PCCWKF-2 are 11.52, 8.07 and 7.53.

Period Cycle Highest value of R/R0 Lowest value of R/R0 GF Average value of GF
0~10 s 1 1 0.44704 11.059 11.31
2 1.05976 0.45693 11.377
3 1.07945 0.46647 11.357
4 1.0951 0.47136 11.391
5 1.10503 0.47563 11.392
6 1.10406 0.47768 11.347
7 1.1099 0.48133 11.327
8 1.10795 0.48392 11.265
9 1.11317 0.48491 11.288
10 1.11515 0.48541 11.294
495~505 s 1 0.76909 0.36092 10.614 10.72
2 0.77034 0.36026 10.647
3 0.77066 0.35975 10.664
4 0.77382 0.36002 10.695
5 0.77413 0.35913 10.722
6 0.7762 0.35855 10.761
7 0.77668 0.35879 10.761
8 0.77812 0.35866 10.781
9 0.77876 0.35842 10.795
10 0.7786 0.35801 10.804
990~1000 s 1 0.73014 0.35418 10.298 10.40
2 0.73113 0.35375 10.323
3 0.73283 0.35402 10.338
4 0.73597 0.35478 10.359
5 0.73784 0.35468 10.386
6 0.74015 0.35455 10.420
7 0.74102 0.35388 10.449
8 0.74059 0.35349 10.454
9 0.74175 0.35302 10.481
10 0.74132 0.35263 10.486

Data of respiration monitoring

Movement status Difference between the maximum and minimum values of R/R0 Respiratory interval/s
Sleeping 0.014 3.01
Sitting 0.035 2.84
Running for 5 min 0.140 3.97

Sensitivity of PCCWKF-3 at different time periods (5%) The sensitivities of PCCWKF-4 are 7.28, 5.81 and 5.61.

Period Cycle Highest value of R/R0 Lowest value of R/R0 GF Average value of GF
0~10 s 1 1 0.55113 8.977 9.05
2 0.99838 0.55019 8.978
3 0.99717 0.54946 8.980
4 0.9945 0.54832 8.973
5 0.9933 0.54767 8.973
6 0.99731 0.54711 9.028
7 1.00094 0.54642 9.082
8 1.00366 0.54561 9.128
9 1.00638 0.54541 9.161
10 1.0094 0.54541 9.193
495~505 s 1 0.83483 0.47745 8.562 8.62
2 0.83596 0.47717 8.584
3 0.83738 0.47686 8.611
4 0.83833 0.47662 8.629
5 0.83928 0.47668 8.641
6 0.84042 0.47736 8.640
7 0.84223 0.47822 8.644
8 0.84358 0.47902 8.643
9 0.84406 0.47973 8.633
10 0.84396 0.48045 8.614
990~1000 s 1 0.81915 0.47546 8.391 8.46
2 0.81951 0.47491 8.410
3 0.82087 0.47457 8.437
4 0.82233 0.47454 8.459
5 0.8237 0.47482 8.471
6 0.82609 0.47579 8.481
7 0.82886 0.47683 8.494
8 0.831 0.47785 8.499
9 0.83193 0.4784 8.499
10 0.83174 0.47902 8.481

Sensitivity of PCCWKF-4 at different time periods (5%)

Period Cycle Highest value of R/R0 Lowest value of R/R0 GF Average value of GF
0~10 s 1 1 0.64098 7.180 7.28
2 0.99903 0.6404 7.173
3 0.99689 0.63948 7.148
4 0.99593 0.63896 7.139
5 0.99914 0.63852 7.212
6 1.00205 0.63796 7.282
7 1.00423 0.63731 7.338
8 1.00641 0.63715 7.385
9 1.00883 0.63715 7.434
10 1.01114 0.63731 7.477
495~505 s 1 0.8699 0.58249 5.748 5.81
2 0.87103 0.58224 5.776
3 0.87179 0.58205 5.795
4 0.87255 0.5821 5.809
5 0.87347 0.58264 5.817
6 0.87492 0.58333 5.832
7 0.876 0.58397 5.841
8 0.87638 0.58454 5.837
9 0.8763 0.58512 5.824
10 0.876 0.58552 5.810
990~1000 s 1 0.85672 0.58068 5.521 5.61
2 0.85781 0.58041 5.548
3 0.85898 0.58038 5.572
4 0.86007 0.58061 5.589
5 0.86199 0.58139 5.612
6 0.86421 0.58222 5.640
7 0.86592 0.58304 5.658
8 0.86667 0.58348 5.664
9 0.86652 0.58397 5.651
10 0.86637 0.58402 5.647

Warp-knitted fabric specifications for experimental use

Raw Material Structure Weight/g-m-2 PB·5 cm-1 PA·5 cm-1 Thickness/mm
Polyester Two Bar Tricot Stitch 75 87 80 0.3
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