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Development and Research on Incontinence Underwear for the Elderly

Chunyan Zhu
Chunyan Zhu
, 
Baixue Zhou
Baixue Zhou
, 
Yanwei Bi
Yanwei Bi
, 
Li Pan
Li Pan
 e 
Chen Yang
Chen Yang
   | 28 feb 2024
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Article Category: Research Article
Pubblicato online: 28 feb 2024
Pagine: 40 - 52
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2024-0005
Parole chiave
© 2024 Chunyan Zhu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

Urinary Incontinence Underwear Technological Roadmap Source: drawn by the author
Urinary Incontinence Underwear Technological Roadmap Source: drawn by the author

Fig. 2.

Double layer funnel structure design (source: drawn by the author and experimental results obtained by the author)
Double layer funnel structure design (source: drawn by the author and experimental results obtained by the author)

Fig. 3.

Functional design diagram of underwear Source: drawn by the author
Functional design diagram of underwear Source: drawn by the author

Fig. 4.

Sample of functional parts of underwear Source: experimental results obtained by the author
Sample of functional parts of underwear Source: experimental results obtained by the author

Fig. 5.

Design of the two connection modes Sources: drawn by the author and experimental results obtained by the author
Design of the two connection modes Sources: drawn by the author and experimental results obtained by the author

Fig. 6.

Comparison of fabric before and after superhydrophobic finishing Source: experimental results obtained by the author
Comparison of fabric before and after superhydrophobic finishing Source: experimental results obtained by the author

Fig. 7.

Hydrophobicity and breathability test results Source: experimental results obtained by the author
Hydrophobicity and breathability test results Source: experimental results obtained by the author

Fig. 8.

Urine wetness alarm design Source: drawn by the author and experimental results obtained by the author
Urine wetness alarm design Source: drawn by the author and experimental results obtained by the author

Fig. 9.

Style 1: male urinary incontinence underpants Source: drawn by the author
Style 1: male urinary incontinence underpants Source: drawn by the author

Fig. 10.

Dressing effect of style 1 Source: experimental results obtained by the author
Dressing effect of style 1 Source: experimental results obtained by the author

Fig. 11.

Style 2: male urinary incontinence underpants Source: drawn by the author
Style 2: male urinary incontinence underpants Source: drawn by the author

Fig. 12.

Dressing effect of Style 2 Source: experimental results obtained by the author
Dressing effect of Style 2 Source: experimental results obtained by the author

Fig. 13.

Rendering of urinary incontinence underwear with alarm Source: drawn by the author and experimental results obtained by the author
Rendering of urinary incontinence underwear with alarm Source: drawn by the author and experimental results obtained by the author

Fig. 14.

Dressing effect of urinary incontinence underwear with alarm Source: experimental results obtained by the author
Dressing effect of urinary incontinence underwear with alarm Source: experimental results obtained by the author

Subjective evaluation results

Participant ID q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 q8 q9 q10 q11
Evaluation indicators
Incontinence underpants Comfort 4 3 2 3 4 2 4 4 - - -
convenience 2 4 3 3 4 3 3 2 4 5 5
Alarm-type underwear Comfort 3 4 3 2 4 3 4 3 - - -
convenience 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 5 3 5

Evaluation of convenience and economy

Item Urinary incontinence underpants Diapers Urinals Seat urinals
Wearing and taking off frequency 1 time/day 6-8 times/day 8-10 times/day 6-8 times/day
Wearing time 200 s 180 s 70 s 320 s
Stripping time 85 s 48 s 50 s 120 s
Total time 285 s 1368s-1824s 960s-1200s 2640s-3520s
Price ¥25 ¥1.8-2.5 ¥5-15 ¥40-50
Daily average price ¥12.6-20
10 day average price ¥25 ¥126-200
Urinary leakage NO NO little little

Survey of Elderly Individuals with Urinary Incontinence and Related Personnel

Item Course Content Operation
Survey Participants Elderly individuals with urinary incontinence, elderly caregivers, nursing assistants, ward nurses, salespersons, etc.
Survey Methods Online and offline questionnaires, interviews, observations, photography, audio recordings, etc.
Survey Locations Nursing homes, hospitals, elderly activity centers, elderly expos, elderly supply stores, supermarkets, etc.

Specifications of underwear fabric samples for the tests

Fabrics Composition ratio (%) cotton : elastic : polyamide Organization structure Mass per unit area (g/m2)
1# 100 : 0 : 0 Weft plain weave 150
2# 95 : 5 : 0 Weft plain weave 170
3# 90 : 10 : 0 Rib weave (R 2/2) 180
4# 80 : 11.5 : 8.5 Weft plain weave 200

Comfort evaluation experiment

Number of washes Contact angle (deg) Rolling angle (deg) Transpiration rate (mm/s)
0 161.4 9.75 454.6
2 162.1 9.66 456.1
4 161.1 9.75 455.5
6 161.1 9.68 454.0
8 160.8 9.83 460.6
10 158.6 10.00 462.2
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