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Study on Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Twaron® Fabric Subjected to Double-Impactor Impact from a Numerical Analysis Perspective

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Fig. 1.

Schematics of impact tester 9250HV
Schematics of impact tester 9250HV

Fig. 2.

Both specimen sides after impact at 10m/s
Both specimen sides after impact at 10m/s

Fig. 3.

Comparison of simulation and experiment results: (a) energy absorption, (b) residual velocity, (c) F-T curve
Comparison of simulation and experiment results: (a) energy absorption, (b) residual velocity, (c) F-T curve

Fig. 4.

Impact model
Impact model

Fig. 5.

Schematic of impact center locations
Schematic of impact center locations

Fig. 6.

Comparison of resistance force history in different asymmetrical impact scenarios: (a) resistance force applied to impactor O, (b) resistance force applied to impactor N (with an impactor impacting the fabric center), (c) resistance force applied to impactor N (without impactor impacting the fabric center)
Comparison of resistance force history in different asymmetrical impact scenarios: (a) resistance force applied to impactor O, (b) resistance force applied to impactor N (with an impactor impacting the fabric center), (c) resistance force applied to impactor N (without impactor impacting the fabric center)

Fig. 7.

Comparison of resistance force history in different symmetrical impact scenarios
Comparison of resistance force history in different symmetrical impact scenarios

Fig. 8.

Comparison of failure deflection of impactors in different impact scenarios: (a) asymmetrical impact scenarios; (b) symmetrical impact scenarios
Comparison of failure deflection of impactors in different impact scenarios: (a) asymmetrical impact scenarios; (b) symmetrical impact scenarios

Fig. 9.

Energy cost of impactors and total energy absorption of fabric: (a) asymmetrical impact scenarios, (b) symmetrical impact scenarios
Energy cost of impactors and total energy absorption of fabric: (a) asymmetrical impact scenarios, (b) symmetrical impact scenarios

Fig. 10.

Comparison of fabric’s stress distribution contours in asymmetrical impact scenarios
Comparison of fabric’s stress distribution contours in asymmetrical impact scenarios

Fig. 11.

Comparison of fabric’s transverse deformation in asymmetrical impact scenarios
Comparison of fabric’s transverse deformation in asymmetrical impact scenarios

Fig. 12.

Comparison of fabric stress distribution contours in symmetrical impact scenarios
Comparison of fabric stress distribution contours in symmetrical impact scenarios

Fig. 13.

Comparison of fabric transverse deformation in symmetrical impact scenarios
Comparison of fabric transverse deformation in symmetrical impact scenarios

Impact results of the effect of velocity on the fabric’s impact behaviors in scenario IOC

Vo (m/s) VC (m/s) MF0 (N) MFC (N) TO (ms) TC (ms) ET (J)
10 10 467.3 559.5 0.580 0.468 1.62
10 9 496.1 546.4 0.603 0.512 1.59
10 8 519.4 510.8 0.626 0.554 1.46
10 7 553.9 481.2 0.642 0.607 1.38
9 10 458.8 559.3 0.712 0.474 1.54
8 10 452.1 561.6 0.806 0.478 1.46
7 10 446.4 560.3 0.938 0.466 1.40

Impact results of the effect of velocity on the fabric’s impact behaviors in scenario IDD1

V1(m/s) V2 (m/s) MF1(N) MF2(N) T1(ms) T2(ms) ET (J)
10 10 753.6 753.6 0.684 0.684 2.20
10 9 761.3 687.4 0.692 0.721 2.04
10 8 766.6 566.9 0.696 0.743 1.92
10 7 769.8 552.3 0.699 0.776 1.66