1. |
Abaca fibre reinforced composites |
Alkali treatment with 5 wt.% NaOH |
Increase in tensile strength of ~8% and interfacial shear strength of 32% |
[45] |
2. |
Coir-fibre reinforced polymer composites |
5wt.% NaOH alkali treatment at 20°C for 30 minutes |
Increase in tensile strength and flexural strength of 17.8% and 16.7%, respectively |
[46] |
3. |
Benzoxazine resin reinforced with alfa fibres |
Alkali treatment with 5wt.% NaOH for 5 hours |
Enhancement of microhardness, flexural strength, and modulus by 29, 37 and 10%, respectively. |
[47] |
4. |
Oil palm/bagasse fibre reinforced phenolic hybrid composites |
2% v/v silane treatment and 4% v/v hydrogen peroxide |
Increase in tensile strength and flexural strength of ~56 and 120%, respectively |
[48] |
5. |
Acacia tortilis fibre reinforced natural composite |
Alkali treatment with 10 wt.% NaOH |
Enhancement of tensile strength by 27.5%. |
[49] |
6. |
Flax/banana/industrial waste tea leaf fibre reinforced hybrid polymer composite |
5 wt.% NaOH treatment for 12 hours at 27°C. |
Tensile and flexural strength were enhanced by ~7% and ~5% respectively. |
[50] |
7. |
Mutingia Calabura bark fibre reinforced green-epoxy composite |
2-hour alkali treatment with 5% NaOH.2% silane treatment for 2 hours. |
Crystallinity index enhancement of 41.01% with NaOH and 14.86% by silane treatment.Tensile strength improvement of 37.75% and 28.92% with NaOH and by silane treatment, respectively.Thermal stability improvement of 14.15% and 4.81% for NaOH and silane treatment, respectively |
[51] |
8. |
Coir and oil palm empty fruit bunch |
Acetylation with a mixture of toluene, methanol, and acetone (4:1:1 volume ratio) for 5 hours at 100°C |
Increase of tensile strength by 8% and 10.8% for coir and oil palm fruit bunch respectively |
[52] |