Surface Treatments of Natural Fibres in Fibre Reinforced Composites: A Review
Keolebogile Seisa
Department of Mechanical, Energy and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapye, Botswana
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, Vivekanandhan Chinnasamy
Department of Mechanical, Energy and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapye, Botswana
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y Albert U. Ude
Department of Mechanical, Energy and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapye, Botswana
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08 jun 2022
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Categoría del artículo: Review
Publicado en línea: 08 jun 2022
Páginas: 82 - 89
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2022-0011
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© 2022 Keolebogile Seisa et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Fig. 1
![Cellulose chain structure. Reprinted with permission from [14]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471dae8215d2f6c89db3242/j_ftee-2022-0011_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250919%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250919T173855Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=f978b020beb02029a14abd8a92a691ece849712eccb8ba86c1bf8b55a21e7d72&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 2
![Hemicellulose chemical structure. Reprinted with permission from [14]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471dae8215d2f6c89db3242/j_ftee-2022-0011_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250919%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250919T173855Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=7784e31bc2996cc01be3fd473d90330480cb54ee96a80e254d352fa8cb48d270&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 3
![Lignin chemical structure. Reprinted with permission from [14]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471dae8215d2f6c89db3242/j_ftee-2022-0011_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250919%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250919T173855Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=255a2a556f0e2a231abb51034ce7e8aa3373fd9a457e986638b77805dbf6b5c3&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
![Alkaline Treatment setup of sisal fibre by J.T Kim et. al,2010 [22]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471dae8215d2f6c89db3242/j_ftee-2022-0011_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250919%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250919T173855Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=0299c35b1077eadba3273049ba78e0ff13004d3176d243355b7c515992f1f217&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
j_ftee-2022-0011_tab_001
| 1. | Abaca fibre reinforced composites | Alkali treatment with 5 wt.% NaOH | Increase in tensile strength of ~8% and interfacial shear strength of 32% | [ |
| 2. | Coir-fibre reinforced polymer composites | 5wt.% NaOH alkali treatment at 20°C for 30 minutes | Increase in tensile strength and flexural strength of 17.8% and 16.7%, respectively | [ |
| 3. | Benzoxazine resin reinforced with alfa fibres | Alkali treatment with 5wt.% NaOH for 5 hours | Enhancement of microhardness, flexural strength, and modulus by 29, 37 and 10%, respectively. | [ |
| 4. | Oil palm/bagasse fibre reinforced phenolic hybrid composites | 2% v/v silane treatment and 4% v/v hydrogen peroxide | Increase in tensile strength and flexural strength of ~56 and 120%, respectively | [ |
| 5. | Alkali treatment with 10 wt.% NaOH | Enhancement of tensile strength by 27.5%. | [ |
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| 6. | Flax/banana/industrial waste tea leaf fibre reinforced hybrid polymer composite | 5 wt.% NaOH treatment for 12 hours at 27°C. | Tensile and flexural strength were enhanced by ~7% and ~5% respectively. | [ |
| 7. | 2-hour alkali treatment with 5% NaOH. |
Crystallinity index enhancement of 41.01% with NaOH and 14.86% by silane treatment. |
[ |
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| 8. | Coir and oil palm empty fruit bunch | Acetylation with a mixture of toluene, methanol, and acetone (4:1:1 volume ratio) for 5 hours at 100°C | Increase of tensile strength by 8% and 10.8% for coir and oil palm fruit bunch respectively | [ |