Phenolic group | Compound | ‘Poppins’ | ‘Single Cherry’ | ‘Frühlingsmorgen’ | ‘Frühlingsduft’ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flavanols | Procyanidin dimer 1 | FS | 624.11 ± 198.54 ab | 298.81 ± 181.73 a | 555.59 ± 299.72 ab | 464.99 ± 133.42 ab | 783.54 ± 259.96 b |
S | 227.30 ± 24.41 a | 81.38 ± 29.51 a | 255.06 ± 95.24 a | 80.01 ± 32.60 a | 55.44 ± 11.35 a | ||
Procyanidin dimer 2 | FS | 3.51 ± 1.03 a | 12.43 ± 3.87 a | 22.89 ± 13.01 a | 28.63 ± 15.16 a | 63.69 ± 19.93 b | |
S | 8.42 ± 2.19 a | 13.44 ± 6.16 ab | 23.68 ± 3.25 b | 18.36 ± 3.65 ab | 17.15 ± 2.19 ab | ||
Procyanidin dimer 3 | FS | 48.05 ± 19.78 a | 140.32 ± 47.71 a | 168.86 ± 91.75 a | 480.38 ± 152.04 b | 1050.27 ± 352.29 c | |
S | 6.68 ± 1.41 a | 11.14 ± 5.69 a | 41.10 ± 18.87 b | 2.34 ± 0.71 a | 0.02 ± 0.01 a | ||
Procyanidin dimer 4 | FS | 763.20 ± 258.03 a | 915.33 ± 224.39 a | 2263.83 ± 938.62 b | 2798.91 ± 798.77 b | 898.13 ± 244.72 a | |
S | 0.10 ± 0.08 a | 0.56 ± 0.08 a | 2.05 ± 0.63a | 1.39 ± 0.92 a | 0.25 ± 0.03 a | ||
Procyanidin dimer 5 | FS | 358.04 ± 102.45 a | 205.18 ± 107.08 a | 37604.18 ± 1,103.86 b | 1054.83 ± 552.07 a | 1314.54 ± 365.47 a | |
S | 58.22 ± 13.54 ab | 228.32 ± 81.51 be | 276.98 ± 63.31 c | 45.48 ± 28.73 ab | 37.76 ± 11.24 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 1 | FS | 22.79 ± 6.98 a | 42.67 ± 17.42 a | 75.56 ± 23.37 ab | 174.64 ± 69.58 be | 197.24 ± 47.38 c | |
S | 2.76 ± 1.85 a | 4.23 ± 1.27 a | 11.61 ± 4.62 a | 4.01 ± 0.55 a | 39.18 ± 12.05 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 2 | FS | 556.081 ± 176.26 a | 679.47 ± 209.38 a | 742.12 ± 208.39 a | 1055.67 ± 506.25 ab | 2052.13 ± 554.44 b | |
S | 2.86 ± 0.37 a | 1.79 ± 0.39 a | 3.24 ± 0.34 a | 2.65 ± 0.39 a | 1.84 ± 0.74 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 3 | FS | - | - | - | - | - | |
S | 0.18 ± 0.08 a | 1.12 ± 0.55 b | 1.95 ± 0.45 c | 0.20 ± 0.13 a | 0.59 ± 0.35 ab | ||
Procyanidin trimer 4 | FS | - | - | - | - | - | |
S | 2.02 ± 1.06 a | 2.19 ± 0.74 a | 18.94 ± 8.71 a | 0.39 ± 0.13 a | 0.20 ± 0.05 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 5 | FS | - | - | - | - | - | |
S | 48.91 ± 22.31 a | 81.68 ± 37.21 a | 385.93 ± 145.92 b | 158.45 ± 54.04 ab | 262.84 ± 107.92 ab | ||
Procyanidin trimer 6 | FS | - | - | - | - | - | |
S | 229.27 ± 53.28 a | 14.59 ± 6.35 a | 412.32 ± 201.98 a | 160.1 ± 29.86 a | 223.18 ± 54.41 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 7 | FS | - | - | - | - | - | |
S | 33.15 ± 16.38 a | 10.23 ± 4.68 a | 221.00 ± 39.87 b | 367.28 ± 141.91 c | 24.47 ± 11.54 a | ||
Catechin | FS | 291.77 ± 198.25 a | 741.39 ± 129.03 ab | 1312.92 ± 232.34 b | 2061.68 ± 538.86 c | 2661.29 ± 1,092.08 c | |
S | 0.99 ± 0.16 a | 0.19 ± 0.11 a | 13.85 ± 6.13 a | 0.36 ± 0.06 a | 8.62 ± 2.38 a | ||
Epicatechin | FS | 22.50 ± 9.45 a | 72.69 ± 22.79 a | 133.85 ± 56.90 a | 147.96 ± 43.96 a | 572.56 ± 141.82 b | |
S | 68.71 ± 24.04 a | 125.08 ± 69.71 a | 357.15 ± 150.65 a | 63.36 ± 28.62 a | 243.87 ± 91.14 a | ||
PA dimer diglycoside | FS | 70.35 ± 25.89 a | 416.42 ± 152.89 ab | 936.35 ± 233.66 c | 288.22 ± 97.93 ab | 711.98 ± 275.98b c | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Dimer PA monogallate 1 | FS | 93.11 ± 26.05 a | 90.20 ± 20.35 a | 275.26 ± 91.79 a | 1249.47 ± 375.94 c | 695.19 ± 197.06 b | |
S | 50.32 ± 19.32 ab | 251.82 ± 45.83 ab | 609.44 ± 375.15 b | 18.59 ± 9.07 a | 24.86 ± 5.28 a | ||
Dimer PA monogallate 2 | FS | 17.49 ± 5.07 a | 45.06 ± 10.09 a | 259.42 ± 152.15 b | 702.67 ± 241.54 c | 282.55 ± 96.08 b | |
S | 108.72 ± 71.27 b | 212.20 ± 120.85 c | 31.19 ± 7.92 a | 54.03 ± 21.29 ab | 59.21 ± 17.11 ab | ||
PA dimer monoglycoside 1 | FS | 76.49 ± 17.98 a | 229.59 ± 95.48 a | 1112.50 ± 237.81 b | 1073.39 ± 240.35 b | 1076.45 ± 370.16 b | |
S | 32.05 ± 19.62 a | 54.09 ± 19.43 ac | 90.34 ± 25.06 c | 44.93 ± 18.06 ab | 74.17 ± 24.03 be | ||
PA dimer monoglycoside 2 | FS | 7.53 ± 2.94 a | 21.48 ± 6.29 ab | 38.04 ± 14.92 b | 46.66 ± 19.84 b | 94.82 ± 34.82 c | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Total | FS | 2955.02 ± 1,048.70 a | 3911.04 ± 1,168.50 a | 45501.37 ± 3,698.29 a | 11628.10 ± 3,767.71 a | 12409.38 ± 4,052.19 a | |
S | 880.66 ± 271.37 a | 1094.05 ± 430.07 a | 2753.88 ± 1,148.10 a | 1021.98 ± 370.72 a | 1073.65 ± 351.82 a | ||
Flavanols | Quercetin galloyl hexoside 1 | FS | 1.30 ± 0.31 a | 1.83 ± 0.32 a | 4.64 ± 1.91 a | 11.58 ± 2.91 ab | 19.59 ± 3.49 b |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Quercetin galloyl hexoside 2 | FS | 0.47 ± 0.16 a | 1.15 ± 0.11 a | 1.28 ± 0.25 a | 11.29 ± 3.31 b | 18.16 ± 5.36 c | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Quercetin-3-rutinoside | FS | 3.00 ± 0.82 a | 5.90 ± 2.58 a | 6.59 ± 3.28 a | 54.20 ± 20.12 b | 55.04 ± 23.59 b | |
S | 41.41 ± 27.05 a | 7.48 ± 3.17 a | 25.32 ± 7.31 a | 1.71 ± 0.73 a | 3.10 ± 0.32 a | ||
Quercetin-3-galactoside | FS | 4.01 ± 1.45 a | 24.63 ± 2.67 b | 17.86 ± 3.02 ab | 42.85 ± 25.98 c | 18.08 ± 3.66 ab | |
S | 27.95 ± 13.64 a | 18.84 ± 2.38 a | 27.20 ± 10.97 a | 20.98 ± 10.47 a | 42.11 ± 27.04 a | ||
Quercetin-3-glucoside | FS | 3.77 ± 0.36 a | 23.19 ± 2.46 a | 10.26 ± 1.39 a | 215.75 ± 124.74 b | 16.66 ± 7.22 a | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Kaempferol hexoside 1 | FS | 0.25 ± 0.02 a | 1.47 ± 0.16 a | 0.65 ± 0.09 a | 16.05 ± 8.16 b | 5.11 ± 3.51 a | |
S | 3.06 ± 0.87 a | 2.38 ± 0.65 a | 2.08 ± 0.71 a | 3.16 ± 1.25 a | 1.53 ± 0.56 a | ||
Kaempferol hexoside 2 | FS | - | - | - | - | - | |
S | 0.68 ± 0.32 a | 0.28 ± 0.09 a | 0.27 ± 0.11 a | 0.31 ± 0.15 a | 0.51 ± 0.14 a | ||
Phloretin pentosyl hexoside 1 | FS | 4.27 ± 2.49 a | 14.55 ± 6.21 a | 98.34 ± 9.59 ab | 28.39 ± 9.92 a | 163.59 ± 30.02 b | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Phloretin pentosyl hexoside 2 | FS | 16.96 ± 2.45 a | 17.04 ± 1.28 a | 69.32 ± 13.22 a | 322.74 ± 104.80 b | 265.37 ± 145.39 b | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Quercetin-3-glucuronide | FS | 5.68 ± 2.02 a | 13.77 ± 1.21 a | 93.04 ± 12.50 be | 28.43 ± 14.36 ab | 140.96 ± 60.34 c | |
S | 21.26 ± 12.89 a | 3.12 ± 0.57 b | 22.71 ± 10.52 a | 0.29 ± 0.12 c | 0.32 ± 0.14 c | ||
Quercetin-3-arabinopyranoside | FS | 0.003 ± 0.001 a | 0.01 ± 0.001 a | 0.06 ± 0.01 ab | 0.02 ± 0.01 a | 0.13 ± 0.04 b | |
S | 0.77 ± 0.09 a | 0.13 ± 0.02 a | 0.94 ± 0.45 a | 0.01 ± 0.004 a | 0.003 ± 0.001 a | ||
Quercetin-3-arabinofuranoside | FS | 0.57 ± 0.25 a | 0.97 ± 0.23 a | 0.75 ± 0.16 a | 4.91 ± 0.96 b | 2.36 ± 0.69 ab | |
S | 1.54 ± 0.31 b | 0.96 ± 0.17 ab | 0.84 ± 0.41 ab | 0.76 ± 0.48 ab | 0.27 ± 0.09 a | ||
Isorhamnetin-3-rhamnoside | FS | 0.31 ± 1.20 a | 0.79 ± 0.06 b | 0.29 ± 0.05 a | 0.31 ± 0.04 a | 0.72 ± 0.19 ab | |
S | 1.26 ± 0.20 ac | 1.58 ± 0.14b c | 0.62 ± 0.29 a | 1.85 ± 0.29 c | 0.71 ± 0.17 ab | ||
Isorhanmetin-3-hexoside | FS | 0.52 ± 0.12 a | 1.25 ± 0.11 ab | 1.20a ± 0.12 b | 2.61 ± 0.36 b | 4.44 ± 1.54 c | |
S | 0.21 ± 0.03 a | 0.32 ± 0.03 a | 0.13 ± 0.06 a | 0.32 ± 0.06 a | 0.25 ± 0.06 a | ||
Isorhamnetin pentoside 1 | FS | 4.28 ± 1.20 a | 6.15 ± 1.45 a | 4.78 ± 1.03 a | 244.12 ± 120.95 a | 34.07 ± 16.96 a | |
S | 7.58 ± 1.19 a | 5.88 ± 2.00 a | 8.41 ± 5.20 a | 4.59 ± 2.41 a | 2.26 ± 0.31 a | ||
Isorhamnetin pentoside 2 | FS | 3.98 ± 1.21 a | 10.80 ± 0.87 ab | 3.94 ± 0.69 a | 4.99 ± 0.89 a | 22.64 ± 7.04 b | |
S | 0.19 ± 0.03 a | 0.07 ± 0.01 a | 0.25 ± 0.14 a | 0.07 ± 0.02 a | 0.24 ± 0.02 a | ||
Quercetin-3-rhamnoside | FS | 7.36 ± 1.23 a | 15.89 ± 1.38 a | 15.31 ± 1.52 a | 25.60 ± 6.10 ab | 47.39 ± 12.41 b | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Quercetin-acetylhexoside | FS | 0.36 ± 0.06 ab | 0.78 ± 0.06 b | 0.29 ± 0.05 a | 0.32 ± 0.03 a | 0.46 ± 0.18 ab | |
S | 0.05 ± 0.009 a | 0.10 ± 0.05 a | 0.11 ± 0.06 a | 0.02 ± 0.006 a | 0.19 ± 0.07 a | ||
Quercetin galloyl pentoside 1 | FS | 0.28 ± 0.06 a | 0.52 ± 0.04 a | 0.19 ± 0.03 a | 0.62 ± 0.33 a | 0.39 ± 0.08a | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Quercetin galloyl pentoside 2 | FS | 0.29 ± 0.09 a | 0.48 ± 0.03 a | 1.43 ± 0.64 a | 1.07 ± 0.25 a | 4.22 ± 0.84 b | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Quercetin galloyl pentoside 3 | FS | 0.01 ± 0.006 a | 0.51 ± 0.09 ab | 1.02 ± 0.79 ab | 2.29 ± 0.52 b | 1.91 ± 0.25 ab | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Quercetin-3-xyloside | FS | 8.28 ± 3.96 a | 8.11 ± 2.96 a | 32.97 ± 4.56 a | 165.21 ± 16.67 b | 144.23 ± 28.71 b | |
S | 3.28 ± 0.57 a | 1.51 ± 0.11 a | 2.47 ± 0.39 a | 3.52 ± 0.95 a | 13.95 ± 0.79 a | ||
Total | FS | 65.95 ± 19.47 a | 149.79 ± 24.28 a | 364.21 ± 54.90 ab | 1210.35 ± 461.41 b | 947.52 ± 351.51 ab | |
S | 109.24 ± 57.02 a | 42.65 ± 9.39 a | 91.35 ± 36.51 a | 37.59 ± 16.94 a | 65.20 ± 29.71 a | ||
Flavones | Apigenin derivative 1 | FS | 0.56 ± 0.07 a | 3.57 ± 1.52 a | 4.87 ± 2.36 a | 38.19 ± 18.17 a | 29.6 ± 3.47 a |
S | 2.21 ± 0.24 a | 1.17 ± 0.09 a | 1.69 ± 0.66 a | 1.29 ± 0.62 a | 2.57 ± 0.48 a | ||
Apigenin derivative 2 | FS | 0.003 ± 0 a | 0.001 ± 0.0001 a | 0.002 ± 0.001 a | 0.02 ± 0.016 a | 0.01 ± 0.003 a | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Total | FS | 0.56 ± 0.07 a | 3.57 ± 1.52 ab | 4.87 ± 2.36 ab | 38.21 ± 18.12 b | 29.61 ± 3.47 ab | |
S | 2.21 ± 0.24 a | 1.17 ± 0.09 a | 1.69 ± 0.66 a | 1.29 ± 0.62 a | 2.57 ± 0.48 a | ||
Dihydrochalcone | Phloridzin | FS | 117.31 ± 29.81 a | 140.04 ± 9.59 a | 414.87 ± 186.71 a | 261.26 ± 52.16 a | 964.13 ± 33.32 b |
S | - | - | - | - | - |
Phenolic group | Compound | ‘Bourgogne’ | ‘Harstad’ | ‘Mount Everest’ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HBA | Gallic acid | FS | 41.39 ± 1.86 b | 8.69 ± 3.02 a | 42.32 ± 11.85 b | 14.91 ± 5.58 ab |
S | 5.35 ± 2.05 b | 0.95 ± 0.14 a | 5.22 ± 2.54 b | 2.12 ± 0.97 ab | ||
Galloylquinic acid | FS | 1546.56 ± 295.70 b | 536.17 ± 97.03 a | 1276.72 ± 237.38 ab | 520.65 ± 177.1 a | |
S | 965.58 ± 399.87 b | 224.65 ± 90.54 a | 926.54 ± 416.02 b | 254.54 ± 88.98 a | ||
Ellagic acid pentoside 1 | FS | 0.74 ± 0.28 a | 0.53 ± 0.11 a | 0.95 ± 0.44 a | 1.19 ± 0.44 a | |
S | 2.36 ± 1.65 a | 2.75 ± 1.03 a | 2.98 ± 0.98 a | 3.41 ± 1.54 a | ||
Ellagic acid pentoside 2 | FS | 2.78 ± 1.13 a | 0.84 ± 0.28 a | 0.71 ± 0.08 a | 1.38 ± 0.58 a | |
S | 3.21 ± 1.19 a | 1.03 ± 0.58 a | 0.78 ± 0.33 a | 1.95 ± 0.65 a | ||
Taxifolin pentoside 1 | FS | 0.64 ± 0.31 a | 2.37 ± 1.00 a | 1.07 ± 0.46 a | 4.43 ± 1.52 a | |
S | - | - | - | - | ||
Taxifolin pentoside 2 | FS | 0.18 ± 0.09 a | 0.01 ± 0.005 a | 0.11 ± 0.04 a | 0.05 ± 0.03 a | |
S | - | - | - | - | ||
Taxifolin pentoside 3 | FS | 0.81 ± 0.56 a | 0.003 ± 0.002 a | 0.22 ± 0.12 a | 0.07 ± 0.06 a | |
S | - | - | - | - | ||
Total | FS | 1593.10 ± 299.93 b | 548.61 ± 101.45 a | 1322.1 ± 250.37 ab | 542.68 ± 185.32 a | |
S | 976.50 ± 404.76 b | 229.38 ± 92.29 a | 935.52 ± 419.87 b | 262.02 ± 92.14 a | ||
HCA | p-coumaric acid hexoside 1 | FS | 0.39 ± 0.30 a | 0.47 ± 0.36 a | 0.93 ± 1.31 b | 0.54 ± 0.21 a |
S | - | - | - | - | ||
p-coumaric acid hexoside 2 | FS | 3.83 ± 0.01 a | 1.83 ± 0.12 a | 3.94 ± 0.07 a | 1.34 ± 0.05 a | |
S | 0.92 ± 0.54 a | 0.41 ± 0.12 a | 0.87 ± 0.25 a | 0.35 ± 0.18 a | ||
5-caffeoylquinic acid 1 | FS | 19.98 ± 3.94 a | 23.43 ± 8.31 a | 77.49 ± 12.16 b | 21.73 ± 2.93 a | |
S | - | - | - | - | ||
Sinapic acid hexoside 1 | FS | 5.87 ± 1.19 a | 16.08 ± 6.43 a | 13.89 ± 1.77 a | 3.21 ± 0.78a | |
S | - | - | - | - | ||
5-caffeoylquinic acid 2 | FS | 385.29 ± 9.49 a | 544.57 ± 210.33 a | 1530.40 ± 153.76 b | 345.58 ± 62.90 a | |
S | 60.54 ± 22.54 a | 71.02 ± 24.48 ab | 96.21 ± 30.54 b | 59.68 ± 19.88 a | ||
5-p-coumaroylquinic acid 1 | FS | 11.28 ± 0.89 a | 5.39 ± 2.39 a | 11.60 ± 3.86 a | 3.96 ± 0.61 a | |
S | 2.41 ± 1.09 a | 1.02 ± 0.35 a | 2.39 ± 1.06 a | 0.87 ± 0.25 a | ||
5-p-coumaroylquinic acid 2 | FS | 134.72 ± 64.05 a | 51.39 ± 27.75 a | 170.22 ± 20.47 a | 155.41 ± 28.42 a | |
S | - | - | - | - | ||
3-p-coumaroylquinic acid | FS | 0.62 ± 0.01 a | 0.87 ± 0.21 a | 2.15 ± 0.48 b | 0.59 ± 0.07 a | |
S | 0.22 ± 0.04 a | 0.13 ± 0.03 a | 0.24 ± 0.09 a | 0.21 ± 0.07 a | ||
Total | FS | 561.98 ± 79.88 a | 644.03 ± 255.90 a | 1810.62 ± 193.82 b | 532.36 ± 95.97 a | |
S | 64.39 ± 24.21 a | 72.58 ± 24.98 a | 99.71 ± 31.94 b | 61.11 ± 20.38 a | ||
Gallotannins | Digalloyl hexoside 1 | FS | 1.83 ± 0.62 a | 0.55 ± 0.13 a | 1.81 ± 0.53 a | 0.83 ± 0.29 a |
S | 5.21 ± 1.09 b | 1.32 ± 0.98 a | 5.42 ± 1.09 b | 2.06 ± 0.98 a | ||
Digalloyl hexoside 2 | FS | 39.45 ± 25.48 a | 32.33 ± 12.25 a | 33.23 ± 14.51 a | 14.57 ± 5.92 a | |
S | 0.19 ± 0.02 a | 0.21 ± 0.07 a | 0.17 ± 0.04 a | 0.09 ± 0.01 a | ||
Methyl gallate hexoside | FS | 182.98 ± 62.35 a | 55.22 ± 12.75 a | 181.00 ± 53.07 a | 82.73 ± 29.64 a | |
S | 22.35 ± 11.45 a | 12.47 ± 2.54 a | 21.98 ± 9.87 a | 18.54 ± 9.42 a | ||
Digalloylquinic acid 1 | FS | 121.06 ± 4.10 a | 179.34 ± 42.58a | 353.12 ± 53.33 b | 153.17 ± 18.24 a | |
S | 9.21 ± 4.87 a | 9.05 ± 2.01 a | 13.41 ± 5.87 a | 8.96 ± 3.06 a | ||
Total | FS | 345.32 ± 36.55 a | 267.44 ± 67.71 a | 569.16 ± 121.44 b | 251.30 ± 82.80 a | |
S | 36.96 ± 17.43 a | 23.05 ± 5.6 a | 40.98 ± 16.87 a | 29.65 ± 13.47 a | ||
Ellagitannins | diHHDP hexoside 1 | FS | 164.32 ± 102.03 a | 145.59 ± 72.46 a | 198.98 ± 60.19 a | 165.69 ± 36.38 a |
S | 32.21 ± 13.36 a | 32.01 ± 18.54 a | 31.85 ± 16.36 a | 30.58 ± 18.25 a | ||
diHHDP hexoside 2 | FS | - | - | - | - | |
S | 2.15 ± 1.03 a | 2.32 ± 0.98 a | 2.06 ± 0.95 a | 1.98 ± 0.78 a | ||
Digalloyl HHDP hexoside 3 | FS | - | - | - | - | |
S | 0.75 ± 0.19 a | 0.59 ± 0.14 a | 0.71 ± 0.26 a | 0.69 ± 0.24 a | ||
HHDP digalloyl hexoside isomer 1 | FS | 311.37 ± 24.49 a | 149.01 ± 66.03 a | 320.38 ± 106.58 a | 109.35 ± 16.93 a | |
S | 2.21 ± 0.95 a | 1.15 ± 0.98 a | 2.34 ± 1.09 a | 0.98 ± 0.36 a | ||
HHDP digalloyl hexoside isomer 2 | FS | 19.68 ± 0.48 a | 27.82 ± 10.74 a | 78.17 ± 7.85 b | 17.65 ± 3.21 a | |
S | 3.54 ± 1.09 a | 3.88 ± 1.06 a | 5.98 ± 2.44 a | 3.65 ± 1.98 a | ||
HHDP digalloyl hexoside isomer 3 | FS | - | - | - | - | |
S | 0.39 ± 0.11 a | 0.52 ± 0.12 a | 0.63 ± 0.26 a | 0.38 ± 0.14 a | ||
Galloyl bis HHDP hexoside 1 | FS | 1.69 ± 0.13 a | 0.81 ± 0.36 a | 1.74 ± 0.58 a | 0.59 ± 0.09 a | |
S | 0.44 ± 0.19 b | 0.24 ± 0.09 a | 0.46 ± 0.12 b | 0.12 ± 0.06 a | ||
Galloyl bis HHDP hexoside 2 | FS | 117.63 ± 28.61 b | 54.69 ± 13.75 ab | 110.83 ± 1.39 ab | 43.22 ± 7.39 a | |
S | 15.36 ± 5.56 a | 12.06 ± 3.65 a | 15.88 ± 4.87 a | 11.98 ± 3.54 a | ||
Galloyl bis HHDP hexoside 3 | FS | 16.90 ± 4.55 a | 16.86 ± 5.05 a | 13.86 ± 3.90 a | 7.84 ± 3.92 a | |
S | - | - | - | - | ||
HHDP galloyl hexoside 1 | FS | 22.34 ± 0.49 a | 31.51 ± 7.65 a | 77.76 ± 17.33 b | 21.48 ± 2.47 a | |
S | - | - | - | - | ||
Total | FS | 653.93 ± 160.78 a | 426.29 ± 176.04 a | 731.72 ± 197.82 a | 365.82 ± 70.39 a | |
S | 57.05 ± 22.48 a | 52.77 ± 25.56 a | 59.91 ± 25.40 a | 50.36 ± 25.35 a |
Phenolic group | Compound | ‘Poppins’ | ‘Single Cherry’ | ‘Frühlingsmorgen’ | ‘Frühlingsduft’ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HBA | Gallic acid | FS | - | - | - | - | - |
S | 45.63 ± 7.62 ab | 116.41 ± 10.69 be | 190.84 ± 37.33 c | 40.16 ± 22.95 ab | 2.41 ± 0.73 a | ||
Ellagic acid pentoside 1 | FS | 4.64 ± 1.33 a | 11.31 ± 3.54 ab | 12.64 ± 5.45 ab | 101.02 ± 38.43 be | 165.95 ± 99.92 c | |
S | 13.30 ± 3.25 a | 4.13 ± 0.84 a | 7.62 ± 3.95 a | 3.51 ± 1.94 a | 12.27 ± 2.39 a | ||
Ellagic acid pentoside 2 | FS | 1.58 ± 0.36 a | 2.66 ± 0.96 a | 6.50 ± 3.41 ab | 16.23 ± 5.95 be | 22.61 ± 9.62 c | |
S | 1.63 ± 0.46 ab | 0.67 ± 0.28 ab | 2.27 ± 0.66 b | 0.17 ± 0.06 a | 0.24 ± 0.05 a | ||
Taxifolin pentoside 1 | FS | 0.76 ± 0.08 a | 2.09 ± 0.65 a | 2.34 ± 0.51 a | 19.89 ± 7.26 a | 180.48 ± 90.26 a | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Taxifolin pentoside 2 | FS | 23.98 ± 6.29 a | 9.46 ± 3.45 a | 38.48 ± 9.32 a | 189.33 ± 94.49 b | 157.66 ± 99.92 b | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Taxifolin pentoside 3 | FS | 0.23 ± 0.02 a | 0.27 ± 0.21 a | 0.68 ± 0.45 ab | 1.64 ± 0.32 be | 2.21 ± 0.65 c | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Methyl ellagic acid pentoside 1 | FS | - | - | - | - | - | |
S | 0.05 ± 0.01 a | 0.09 ± 0.01 ab | 0.04 ± 0.02 a | 0.16 ± 0.07 b | 0.04 ± 0.01 a | ||
Total | FS | 31.19 ± 8.08 a | 25.79 ± 8.81 a | 60.64 ± 19.14 a | 328.11 ± 146.45 a | 528.91 ± 300.37 a | |
S | 60.61 ± 11.34 ab | 121.30 ± 11.82 be | 200.77 ± 41.96 c | 44.00 ± 25.02 ab | 14.96 ± 3.18 a | ||
HCA | FS | 2.69 ± 0.48 a | 9.50 ± 1.02 a | 20.45 ± 2.03 ab | 35.85 ± 8.12 b | 20.27 ± 4.16 ab | |
S | 45.21 ± 14.87 ab | 319.09 ± 101.19 c | 534.79 ± 178.29 d | 30.0 ± 4.68 a | 214.55 ± 89.81 be | ||
FS | 0.22 ± 0.06 a | 0.59 ± 0.19 a | 0.71 ± 0.06 a | 2.03 ± 0.29 b | 4.44 ± 0.52 c | ||
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
5-caffeoylquinic acid 1 | FS | 16.55 ± 2.48 a | 74.29 ± 22.89 ab | 81.14 ± 22.79 ab | 148.15 ± 26.08 be | 231.59 ± 96.91 c | |
S | 141.85 ± 52.09 a | 159.43 ± 93.72 a | 286.42 ± 109.12 a | 20.0 ± 8.11 b | 10.56 ± 2.59 b | ||
Sinapic acid hexoside 1 | FS | 94.42 ± 22.52 a | 137.39 ± 36.89 a | 527.15 ± 32.37 a | 1415.02 ± 285.19 b | 1430.98 ± 290.65 b | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Sinapic acid hexoside 2 | FS | 35.26 ± 16.18 a | 55.63 ± 21.07 a | 100.11 ± 25.38 a | 298.62 ± 133.19 b | 461.51 ± 151.52 c | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
5-caffeoylquinic acid 2 | FS | 15.82 ± 2.89 a | 9.86 ± 3.63 a | 57.05 ± 26.31 a | 216.59 ± 105.21 a | 618.79 ± 194.21 b | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
5- |
FS | 24.76 ± 9.76 a | 30.35 ± 11.49 a | 54.61 ± 18.39 a | 173.58 ± 99.06 b | 289.17 ± 138.59 c | |
S | 2.26 ± 1.80 a | 12.64 ± 1.81 ab | 32.73 ± 11.94 b | 21.62 ± 7.45 ab | 6.68 ± 1.93 a | ||
5- |
FS | 3.39 ± 1.10 a | 9.98 ± 3.35 a | 12.01 ± 2.98 a | 32.45 ± 13.98 b | 74.78 ± 16.39 c | |
S | 49.72 ± 16.29 a | 44.78 ± 13.98 a | 111.23 ± 39.27 b | 130.25 ± 62.57 b | 48.42 ± 18.95 a | ||
3- |
FS | 3.00 ± 1.34 a | 7.16 ± 1.25 a | 12.66 ± 3.36 b | 23.65 ± 9.12 b | 30.33 ± 12.68 b | |
S | 112.68 ± 38.42 a | 26.31 ± 14.39 a | 12.68 ± 2.24 a | 46.3 ± 11.55 a | 30.06 ± 9.74 a | ||
3-feruloyquinic acid | FS | 0.06 ± 0.04 a | 0.06 ± 0.01 a | 0.10 ± 0.02 a | 0.26 ± 0.19 a | 0.26 ± 0.19 a | |
S | 12.59 ± 4.73 a | 41.99 ± 15.55 bc | 103.78 ± 46.65 d | 21.59 ± 9.86 ab | 50.12 ± 16.04 c | ||
Trigalloylquinic acid | FS | - | - | - | - | - | |
S | 16.54 ± 5.01 a | 6.01 ± 1.03 a | 19.32 ± 4.05 a | 44.68 ± 14.06 a | 12.33 ± 3.62 a | ||
Total | FS | 196.17 ± 56.85 a | 334.81 ± 101.79 a | 866.01 ± 132.57 ab | 2346.20 ± 680.43 ab | 3162.12 ± 905.82 b | |
S | 380.85 ± 133.21 a | 610.25 ± 241.67 a | 1100.93 ± 392.68 a | 314.64 ± 118.28 a | 372.72 ± 142.68 a | ||
Gallotannins | Digalloyl hexoside 1 | FS | 98.41 ± 30.47 a | 384.84 ± 154.38 a | 1347.62 ± 299.99 b | 261.97 ± 135.72 a | 237.37 ± 101.92 a |
S | 48.89 ± 12.89 b | 30.90 ± 9.53 ab | 38.68 ± 10.39 ab | 93.14 ± 27.56 c | 0.24 ± 0.07 a | ||
Digalloyl hexoside 2 | FS | 9.67 ± 2.49 a | 38.53 ± 14.59 b | 114.79 ± 83.03 d | 64.93 ± 26.12 c | 21.23 ± 3.29 ab | |
S | 0.19 ± 0.03 b | 0.14 ± 0.02 ab | 0.26 ± 0.05 b | 0.02 ± 0.01 a | 0.28 ± 0.05 b | ||
Methyl gallate hexoside | FS | 83.89 ± 27.43 a | 321.06 ± 138.24 b | 956.62 ± 225.24 d | 623.78 ± 243.91 c | 262.05 ± 151.99 b | |
S | 80.35 ± 33.89 ab | 68.56 ± 17.90 ab | 138.70 ± 38.62 b | 32.05 ± 13.72 a | 103.40 ± 40.76 ab | ||
Digalloylquinic acid 1 | FS | 118.35 ± 35.32 a | 229.59 ± 60.72 a | 541.28 ± 139.90 be | 478.17 ± 162.57 b | 757.77 ± 158.17 c | |
S | 16.02 ± 6.33 be | 13.65 ± 2.42 ac | 24.72 ± 10.94 c | 2.77 ± 0.46a b | 0.36 ± 0.06 a | ||
Trigalloyl hexoside 1 | FS | - | - | - | - | - | |
S | 9.04 ± 6.24 a | 46.33 ± 16.64 ab | 102.28 ± 29.55 b | 32.31 ± 10.23 ab | 37.44 ± 13.93 ab | ||
Methyl gallate rutinoside | FS | 24.54 ± 11.54 a | 12.87 ± 4.14 ab | 25.54 ± 19.81 ab | 35.62 ± 15.57 ab | 47.63 ± 28.92 b | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Methyl gallate acetyl dihexoside | FS | - | - | - | - | - | |
S | 0.78 ± 0.06 a | 1.44 ± 0.77 a | 1.57 ± 0.88 a | 0.43 ± 0.09 a | 1.80 ± 0.18 a | ||
Total | FS | 310.56 ± 107.25 a | 986.89 ± 372.07 ab | 2985.85 ± 767.97 b | 1464.47 ± 583.89 ab | 1326.05 ± 444.29 ab | |
S | 155.27 ± 59.44 a | 161.02 ± 47.28 a | 306.21 ± 90.43 b | 160.72 ± 52.07 a | 143.52 ± 55.05 a | ||
Ellagitannins | diHHDP hexoside 1 | FS | 33.66 ± 13.29 a | 188.89 ± 90.49 a | 846.22 ± 253.33 b | 435.35 ± 159.26 ab | 634.66 ± 191.70 b |
S | 40.77 ± 16.33 a | 337.86 ± 120.95 b | 485.41 ± 247.12 c | 32.91 ± 15.96 a | 241.32 ± 90.27 b | ||
diHHDP hexoside 2 | FS | 42.46 ± 14.76 a | 55.25 ± 19.97 a | 136.65 ± 40.17 b | 179.10 ± 85.64 b | 54.21 ± 16.94 a | |
S | 38.71 ± 16.98 a | 97.55 ± 28.32 ab | 605.36 ± 379.67 c | 38.69 ± 14.04 a | 273.86 ± 169.35 b | ||
Digalloyl HHDP hexoside 3 | FS | 35.79 ± 19.31 a | 37.15 ± 12.54 a | 53.01 ± 19.05 ab | 46.18 ± 13.54 a | 78.35 ± 23.05 b | |
S | 6.39 ± 2.41 a | 9.21 ± 3.46 ab | 16.48 ± 5.03 b | 1.84 ± 0.95 a | 1.03 ± 0.72 a | ||
HHDP digalloyl hexoside isomer 1 | FS | 7.33 ± 2.44 a | 33.27 ± 13.59 a | 71.58 ± 27.10 a | 71.87 ± 20.03 a | 321.05 ± 170.33 a | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
HHDP digalloyl hexoside isomer 2 | FS | 11.23 ± 4.57 a | 27.74 ± 18.95 a | 154.36 ± 69.02 b | 378.43 ± 142.98 c | 193.66 ± 77.44 b | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
HHDP digalloyl hexoside isomer 3 | FS | 118.09 ± 65.51 a | 75.95 ± 26.21 a | 439.26 ± 180.54 b | 372.92 ± 126.87 b | 499.12 ± 30.39 b | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Galloyl bis HHDP hexoside 1 | FS | 4.72 ± 1.21 a | 11.29 ± 3.79 a | 13.59 ± 6.11 a | 39.93 ± 12.63 b | 84.93 ± 27.16 c | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Galloyl bis HHDP hexoside 2 | FS | 8.72 ± 2.96 a | 11.31 ± 4.67 a | 36.79 ± 11.32 a | 273.38 ± 93.95 b | 465.07 ± 138.81 c | |
S | - | - | - | - | - | ||
HHDP galloyl hexoside 1 | FS | 6.27 ± 1.49 a | 17.90 ± 3.12 a | 31.70 ± 15.61 ab | 50.35 ± 18.36 be | 74.96 ± 26.59 c | |
S | 200.52 ± 94.90 ab | 289.23 ± 104.96 b | 1261.13 ± 427.95 c | 30.93 ± 13.67 ab | 1.07 ± 0.09 a | ||
Total | FS | 268.27 ± 125.54 a | 458.75 ± 193.33 a | 1783.16 ± 622.25 ab | 1847.51 ± 673.26 ab | 2406.01 ± 672.02 b | |
S | 286.39 ± 130.62 a | 733.85 ± 257.69 ab | 2368.38 ± 1,059.77 b | 104.37 ± 44.62 a | 517.28 ± 260.43 ab |
Cultivar | Species of the origin | Breeding company | Year of origin |
---|---|---|---|
‘Violacea’ | Unknown (The Netherlands) | 1795 | |
‘Splendens’ | Unknown | 1583 | |
‘Poppius’ | Stenberg (Sweden) | 1872 | |
‘Fruhlingsduft’ | Kordes (Germany) | 1941 | |
‘Fruhlingsmorgen’ | Kordes (Germany) | 1941 | |
‘Single Cherry’ | Unknown | 1962 | |
‘Harstad’ | Unknown | Unknown (old variety) | |
‘Mount Everest’ | Interplant (The Netherlands) | 1956 | |
‘Bourgogne’ | Interplant (The Netherlands) | 1983 |
Phenolic group | Compound | ‘Bourgogne’ | ‘Harstad’ | ‘Mount Everest’ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flavanols | Procyanidin dimer 1 | FS | 310.01 ± 75.40 b | 144.13 ± 36.23 ab | 292.10 ± 3.69 ab | 113.91 ± 19.50 a |
S | 37.36 ± 19.35 b | 23.57 ± 6.37 a | 36.98 ± 10.32 b | 25.87 ± 8.97 a | ||
Procyanidin dimer 2 | FS | 464.64 ± 16.49 a | 541.56 ± 140.95 a | 1092.39 ± 80.22 b | 637.15 ± 60.55 a | |
S | 85.25 ± 21.74 a | 85.99 ± 25.41 a | 94.65 ± 25.74 a | 91.54 ± 19.74 a | ||
Procyanidin dimer 3 | FS | 86.26 ± 17.60 a | 236.45 ± 94.54 a | 204.15 ± 26.07 a | 47.26 ± 11.52 a | |
S | 6.98 ± 2.14 a | 19.87 ± 7.04 b | 18.47 ± 8.32 b | 4.87 ± 1.09 a | ||
Procyanidin dimer 4 | FS | 515.49 ± 11.38 a | 759.49 ± 190.75 a | 2225.28 ± 465.77 b | 467.26 ± 75.16 a | |
S | 57.05 ± 31.98 a | 57.98 ± 24.78 a | 90.25 ± 38.76 b | 56.98 ± 27.89 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 1 | FS | 78.07 ± 1.73 a | 110.11 ± 26.71 a | 271.74 ± 60.57 b | 75.05 ± 8.63 a | |
S | 22.54 ± 7.63 a | 45.77 ± 19.87 ab | 97.87 ± 31.08 b | 21.98 ± 9.51 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 2 | FS | 275.79 ± 54.37 a | 323.43 ± 114.76 a | 1069.74 ± 167.93 b | 299.96 ± 40.41 a | |
S | 11.98 ± 3.15 a | 12.15 ± 3.98 a | 22.54 ± 12.45 a | 12.04 ± 5.78 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 3 | FS | 16.18 ± 0.36 a | 23.84 ± 5.99 a | 69.85 ± 14.62 b | 14.67 ± 2.36 a | |
S | 87.54 ± 39.87 a | 85.66 ± 34.65 a | 103.21 ± 45.21 a | 88.54 ± 30.01 a | ||
Epicatechin | FS | 65.13 ± 6.45 a | 78.48 ± 24.84 a | 218.32 ± 18.33 b | 48.84 ± 8.85 a | |
S | 25.77 ± 11.54 a | 22.54 ± 9.78 a | 44.74 ± 15.87 a | 22.87 ± 9.87 a | ||
Catechin | FS | 698.19 ± 1.55 a | 98.47 ± 23.89 a | 243.02 ± 54.16 b | 67.11 ± 7.72 a | |
S | 23.45 ± 9.36 b | 4.87 ± 1.06 a | 12.54 ± 3.25 b | 2.54 ± 1.21 a | ||
PA dimer diglycoside | FS | 217.12 ± 50.35 a | 139.65 ± 48.92 a | 232.51 ± 143.72 a | 92.21 ± 16.37 a | |
S | 27.54 ± 12.41 b | 19.87 ± 9.24 b | 26.98 ± 12.75 b | 12.54 ± 6.87 a | ||
Dimer PA monogallate 1 | FS | 20.62 ± 0.46 a | 30.38 ± 7.63 a | 89.01 ± 18.63 b | 18.69 ± 3.01 a | |
S | 3.05 ± 1.39 a | 5.98 ± 1.03 a | 12.87 ± 3.19 b | 1.89 ± 0.97 a | ||
Dimer PA monogallate 2 | FS | 22.55 ± 1.77 a | 10.79 ± 4.78 a | 23.21 ± 7.72 a | 7.92 ± 1.23 a | |
S | 0.45 ± 0.10 b | 0.36 ± 0.08 b | 0.57 ± 0.14 b | 0.19 ± 0.04 a | ||
Total | FS | 2770.05 ± 237.90 a | 2496.78 ± 719.99 a | 6031.32 ± 1,061.43 b | 1890.03 ± 255.31 a | |
S | 388.87 ± 160.68 a | 384.61 ± 143.29 a | 561.67 ± 207.08 b | 341.85 ± 121.95 a | ||
Flavonols | Quercetin galloyl hexoside 1 | FS | 0.29 ± 0.11 a | 0.20 ± 0.04 a | 0.37 ± 0.17 a | 0.46 ± 0.17 a |
S | 0.78 ± 0.35 a | 0.82 ± 0.24 a | 0.98 ± 0.37 a | 1.25 ± 0.94 a | ||
Quercetin galloyl hexoside 2 | FS | 2.65 ± 1.07 a | 0.80 ± 0.27 a | 0.68 ± 0.08 a | 1.31 ± 0.55 a | |
S | 5.98 ± 2.14 b | 1.59 ± 0.75 a | 1.63 ± 0.64 a | 3.88 ± 1.07 b | ||
Quercetin-3-rutinoside | FS | 2.49 ± 1.01 a | 0.75 ± 0.25 a | 0.64 ± 0.07 a | 1.24 ± 0.52 a | |
S | 0.51 ± 0.16 b | 0.14 ± 0.04 a | 0.12 ± 0.05 a | 0.23 ± 0.09 ab | ||
Quercetin-3-galactoside | FS | 10.97 ± 3.37 ab | 0.65 ± 0.22 a | 19.30 ± 3.44 b | 8.09 ± 6.40 ab | |
S | 3.54 ± 1.04 a | 2.15 ± 0.97 a | 3.28 ± 1.01 a | 1.05 ± 0.07 a | ||
Quercetin-3-glucoside | FS | 27.26 ± 13.45 a | 1.83 ± 0.70 a | 15.70 ± 5.36 a | 7.22 ± 4.53 a | |
S | 7.19 ± 2.14 b | 1.02 ± 0.21 a | 5.84 ± 1.54 b | 3.45 ± 1.96 a | ||
Total | FS | 43.66 ± 24.99 b | 4.23 ± 1.48 a | 36.69 ± 9.12 ab | 18.32 ± 12.17 ab | |
S | 18.00 ± 5.83 a | 5.72 ± 2.21 a | 11.85 ± 3.61 a | 9.86 ± 4.13 a | ||
Flavonols | Apigenin derivative 1 | FS | 1.54 ± 0.51 a | 0.99 ± 0.30 a | 2.15 ± 0.27 a | 2.49 ± 0.84 a |
S | 0.31 ± 0.09 a | 0.12 ± 0.04 a | 0.67 ± 0.03 b | 0.72 ± 0.16 b | ||
Apigenin derivative 2 | FS | 0.35 ± 0.13 a | 0.25 ± 0.05 a | 0.45 ± 0.21 a | 0.57 ± 0.21 a | |
S | 1.36 ± 0.57 a | 1.02 ± 0.45 a | 1.41 ± 0.49 a | 1.45 ± 0.87 a | ||
Total | FS | 1.89 ± 0.64 a | 1.24 ± 0.35 a | 2.60 ± 0.48 a | 3.06 ± 1.05 a | |
S | 1.67 ± 0.66 a | 1.14 ± 0.49 a | 2.08 ± 0.52 a | 2.17 ± 1.03 a |
Species and cultivars | L* | a* | b* | C* | h° |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
36.70 ± 1.64 a | 40.98 ± 1.22 c | 29.66 ± 1.91 b | 50.58 ± 2.04 c | 35.75 ± 1.17 a | |
‘Harstad’ | 34.66 ± 0.69 a | 34.08 ± 1.08 b | 25.18 ± 0.87 b | 42.36 ± 1.35 b | 36.42 ± 0.37 a |
‘Bourgogne’ | 32.96 ± 2.76 a | 29.34 ± 1.15 ab | 21.38 ± 2.31 c | 37.00 ± 2.53 bc | 37.16 ± 3.62 b |
‘Mount Everest’ | 29.66 ± 1.51 a | 27.36 ± 1.49 a | 17.20 ± 2.36 a | 32.42 ± 2.54 a | 31.58 ± 1.97 a |
27.89 ± 2.56 b | 23.33 ± 1.92 b | 14.59 ± 1.59 b | 22.08 ± 3.11 b | 22.14 ± 0.99 a | |
‘Poppius’ | 29.38 ± 2.11 b | 25.26 ± 2.21 b | 16.26 ± 3.09 b | 27.76 ± 4.03 b | 26.04 ± 1.99 ab |
‘Frühlingsduft’ | 25.08 ± 1.66 ab | 21.18 ± 1.14 ab | 15.01 ± 1.63 ab | 23.84 ± 1.41 ab | 33.46 ± 1.59 bc |
‘Single Cherry’ | 20.28 ± 0.72 a | 2.28 ± 1.01 a | 3.78 ± 0.09 a | 4.42 ± 0.09 a | 59.18 ± 2.45 c |
‘Frühlingsmorgen’ | 28.28 ± 0.74 b | 24.36 ± 1.60 b | 14.28 ± 0.42 b | 28.02 ± 1.51 b | 31.46 ± 1.13 ab |
43.38 ± 1.77 b | 31.9 ± 1.65 a | 36.84 ± 1.27 b | 48.13 ± 0.73 b | 49.18 ± 1.79 b | |
‘Violacea’ | 31.96 ± 1.66 a | 32.08 ± 1.28 a | 21.76 ± 2.53 a | 38.94 ± 2.23 a | 33.68 ± 2.54 a |
‘Splendens’ | 33.78 ± 1.13 a | 29.59 ± 1.47 a | 24.20 ± 1.29 a | 33.33 ± 1.29 a | 32.90 ± 1.99 a |
Species and cultivars | Cyanidin-3-glucoside |
---|---|
2.19 ± 0.42 a | |
‘Violacea’ | 11.51 ± 3.02 b |
‘Splendens’ | 0.85 ± 0.13 a |
20.97 ± 3.31 a | |
‘Poppius’ | 20.97 ± 3.39 a |
‘Frühlingsduft’ | 77.91 ± 10.14 a |
‘Single Cherry’ | 3090.36 ± 309.12 b |
‘Frühlingsmorgen’ | 134.31 ± 18.61 a |
5.09 ± 0.65 a | |
‘Harstad’ | 1.59 ± 0.22 a |
‘Bourgogne’ | 3.16 ± 1.60 a |
‘Mount Everest’ | 56.61 ± 17.38 b |
Phenolic group | Compound | ‘Violacea’ | ‘Splendens’ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flavanols | Procyanidin dimer 1 | FS | 3126.14 ± 752.27 a | 1361.77 ± 338.39 a | 3401.99 ± 1562.04 a |
S | 1.27 ± 0.41 a | 0.53 ± 0.24 a | 0.32 ± 0.21 a | ||
Procyanidin dimer 2 | FS | 896.30 ± 162.67 a | 704.06 ± 186.69 a | 776.21 ± 140.02 a | |
S | 359.41 ± 193.31 a | 562.13 ± 259.37 ab | 1137.43 ± 413.09 b | ||
Procyanidin dimer 3 | FS | 0.003 ± 0.001 a | 0.004 ± 0.001 a | 0.005 ± 0.001 a | |
S | 0.07 ± 0.02 a | 0.08 ± 0.02 a | 0.11 ± 0.02 a | ||
Procyanidin dimer 4 | FS | 321.68 ± 168.16 a | 157.21 ± 48.47 a | 268.21 ± 161.94 a | |
S | 13.65 ± 3.46 a | 16.69 ± 7.12 a | 17.76 ± 9.08 a | ||
Procyanidin dimer 5 | FS | 0.25 ± 0.09 a | 0.39 ± 0.18 a | 0.33 ± 0.18 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Epicatechin | FS | 7.70 ± 1.86 a | 10.52 ± 2.56 a | 8.93 ± 3.42 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Catechin | FS | 195.79 ± 39.76 a | 276.17 ± 30.62 a | 631.35 ± 256.12 b | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Catechin hexoside | FS | - | - | - | |
S | 236.22 ± 57.93 a | 193.09 ± 64.69 a | 146.45 ± 74.25 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 1 | FS | 0.04 ± 0.02 a | 0.06 ± 0.02 a | 0.13 ± 0.09 b | |
S | 17.87 ± 5.39 a | 13.97 ± 3.95 a | 14.35 ± 3.93 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 2 | FS | 706.44 ± 262.14 a | 414.42 ± 168.13 a | 1985.02 ± 696.19 b | |
S | 1.06 ± 0.45 a | 0.83 ± 0.36 a | 2.19 ± 0.84 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 3 | FS | 14.28 ± 6.25 a | 18.49 ± 9.24 ab | 39.93 ± 23.06 b | |
S | 3.36 ± 0.84 a | 4.13 ± 1.41a | 2.64 ± 0.15 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 4 | FS | 621.06 ± 216.47 a | 652.65 ± 209.54 a | 437.19 ± 185.76 a | |
S | 3.94 ± 1.22 a | 3.43 ± 1.52 a | 3.92 ± 0.39 a | ||
Procyanidin trimer 5 | FS | 1391.21 ± 487.65 a | 1247.21 ± 442.01 a | 2709.28 ± 730.14 b | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Procyanidin trimer 6 | FS | 22.16 ± 9.16 a | 31.78 ± 18.45 a | 50.99 ± 24.07 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Procyanidin tetramer 1 | FS | 0.88 ± 0.16 a | 1.53 ± 0.96 a | 1.81 ± 0.36 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Procyanidin tetramer 2 | FS | 0.06 ± 0.02 a | 0.08 ± 0.01 a | 0.19 ± 0.02 b | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Procyanidin tetramer 3 | FS | 6.99 ± 1.48 a | 3.42 ± 1.05 a | 5.84 ± 1.35 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Procyanidin tetramer 5 | FS | 242.38 ± 106.21 a | 221.99 ± 99.87 a | 312.46 ± 162.14 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Dimer PA monogallate 1 | FS | 77.65 ± 17.67 a | 111.36 ± 43.94 a | 178.68 ± 37.95 a | |
S | 65.98 ± 10.92 a | 65.69 ± 8.46 a | 63.32 ± 18.36 a | ||
Dimer PA monogallate 2 | FS | 0.15 ± 0.05 a | 0.24 ± 0.11 a | 0.19 ± 0.05 a | |
S | 39.43 ± 15.71 a | 19.32 ± 15.06 a | 17.60 ± 4.30 a | ||
Dimer PA monogallate 3 | FS | - | - | - | |
S | 1.17 ± 0.51 a | 0.66 ± 0.34 a | 0.92 ± 0.49 a | ||
PA dimer monoglycoside 1 | FS | 7874.00 ± 1,699.11 a | 12317.33 ± 4,413.33 a | 49035.33 ± 9560.51 b | |
S | 7.81 ± 2.46 a | 12.22 ± 5.08 ab | 24.72 ± 11.36 b | ||
PA dimer monoglycoside 2 | FS | 1834.54 ± 368.39 ab | 842.22 ± 395.60 a | 3003.20 ± 627.29 b | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Total | FS | 17340.065 ± 4,299.589 a | 18372.908 ± 6,409.199 a | 62848.269 ± 14172.699 a | |
S | 750.79 ± 292.635 a | 892.87 ± 367.62 a | 1431.73 ± 536.47 a | ||
Flavanones | Naringenin hexoside 1 | FS | 0.46 ± 0.12 a | 0.26 ± 0.01 b | - |
S | 0.46 ± 0.14 a | 0.21 ± 0.01 a | 0.15 ± 0.04 a | ||
Naringenin hexoside 2 | FS | 0.30 ± 0.28 a | 0.44 ± 0.18 a | 0.33 ± 0.32 a | |
S | 0.02 ± 0.01 a | 0.02 ± 0.01 a | 0.03 ± 0.01 a | ||
Naringenin hexoside 3 | FS | 0.005 ± 0.001 ab | 0.002 ± 0.001 a | 0.001 ± 0.001 b | |
S | 0.02 ± 0.005 a | 0.02 ± 0.01 a | 0.03 ± 0.02 a | ||
Naringenin hexoside 4 | FS | 2.64 ± 0.06 a | 5.48 ± 1.15 a | 0.86 ± 0.03 a | |
S | 0.67 ± 0.55 a | 0.32 ± 0.09 a | 0.46 ± 0.08 a | ||
Naringenin hexoside 5 | FS | 0.59 ± 0.18 a | 0.37 ± 0.13 a | 0.03 ± 0.01 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Total | FS | 3.995 ± 0.641 b | 6.552 ± 1.441 c | 1.221 ± 0.361 a | |
S | 1.17 ± 0.705 a | 0.47 ± 0.12 a | 0.67 ± 0.15 a | ||
Flavonoles | Quercetin galloyl hexoside 1 | FS | 2.09 ± 0.70 b | 4.44 ± 1.27 a | - |
S | 0.18 ± 0.15 a | 0.17 ± 0.07 a | 0.26 ± 0.13 a | ||
Quercetin galloyl hexoside 2 | FS | 0.59 ± 0.13 ab | 0.27 ± 0.14 a | 1.28 ± 0.34 b | |
S | 0.34 ± 0.04 a | 0.22 ± 0.01 a | 0.21 ± 0.19 a | ||
Quercetin-3-rutinoside | FS | 0.0006 ± 0.0002 b | 0.001 ± 0.0004 a | - | |
S | 1.02 ± 0.44 a | 0.65 ± 0.19 a | 0.63 ± 0.38 a | ||
Quercetin-3-galactoside | FS | 4.48 ± 1.04 a | 6.40 ± 3.08 a | 4.75 ± 0.54 a | |
S | 0.79 ± 0.29 a | 2.15 ± 0.34 a | 2.31 ± 0.85 a | ||
Quercetin-3-glucoside | FS | 24.44 ± 15.15 a | 1.80 ± 0.29 a | 3.93 ± 0.49 a | |
S | 1.74 ± 0.13 b | 1.32 ± 0.13 ab | 0.77 ± 0.31 a | ||
Kaempferol hexoside 1 | FS | 1.08 ± 0.34 a | 0.08 ± 0.02 a | 0.17 ± 0.06 a | |
S | 0.34 ± 0.15 a | 0.22 ± 0.07 a | 0.21 ± 0.13 a | ||
Kaempferol hexoside 2 | FS | 1.01 ± 0.07 a | 2.22 ± 0.91 a | 0.35 ± 0.02 a | |
S | 9.48 ± 5.02 a | 22.73 ± 7.87 a | 9.98 ± 0.24 a | ||
Kaempferol derivate | FS | 0.96 ± 0.38 a | 0.98 ± 0.39 a | 0.71 ± 0.27 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Phloretin pentosyl hexoside 1 | FS | 1.04 ± 0.42 a | 0.22 ± 0.14 a | 0.41 ± 0.08 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Quercetin-3-glucuronide | FS | 3.35 ± 1.35 a | 0.69 ± 0.46 a | 1.31 ± 0.25 a | |
S | 0.02 ± 0.01 a | 0.05 ± 0.02 a | 0.02 ± 0.0006 a | ||
Quercetin-3-arabinopyranoside | FS | 13.09 ± 2.89 a | 18.98 ± 9.19 a | 16.96 ± 4.22 a | |
S | 6.02 ± 3.79 a | 4.89 ± 1.95 a | 1.31 ± 0.56 a | ||
Quercetin-3-arabinofuranoside | FS | 10.85 ± 7.98 a | 23.99 ± 4.45 a | 3.82 ± 3.78 a | |
S | 1.04 ± 0.55 a | 2.49 ± 0.86 a | 1.09 ± 0.03 a | ||
Isorhamnetin pentoside 1 | FS | 0.07 ± 0.05 a | 0.16 ± 0.03 a | 0.03 ± 0.02 a | |
S | 6.31 ± 3.98 a | 5.12 ± 2.04 a | 1.38 ± 0.59 a | ||
Isorhamnetin pentoside 2 | FS | - | - | - | |
S | 0.21 ± 0.05 a | 0.28 ± 0.23 a | 0.05 ± 0.008 a | ||
Quercetin-3-rhamnoside | FS | 4.71 ± 1.01 a | 6.85 ± 2.29 a | 5.22 ± 0.51 a | |
S | 0.69 ± 0.42 a | 1.25 ± 0.27 a | 0.35 ± 0.06 a | ||
Quercetin-3-xyloside | FS | 14.87 ± 6.19 a | 23.83 ± 4.19 a | 11.09 ± 2.69 a | |
S | 5.01 ± 1.92 a | 0.66 ± 0.18 a | 1.58 ± 0.45 a | ||
Total | FS | 82.63 ± 37.70 a | 90.91 ± 26.71 a | 50.03 ± 13.27 a | |
S | 33.19 ± 16.94 a | 42.20 ± 14.23 a | 20.15 ± 3.93 a | ||
Flavones derivative 1 | Apigenin | FS | 0.05 ± 0.01 ab | 0.02 ± 0.01 a | 0.12 ± 0.03 b |
S | - | - | - | ||
Total | FS | 0.05 ± 0.01 ab | 0.02 ± 0.01 a | 0.12 ± 0.03 b | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Dihydrochalcone | Phloridzin | FS | 78.52 ± 13.88 a | 97.56 ± 31.62 a | 78.73 ± 10.33 a |
Phenolic group | Compound | ‘Violacea’ | ‘Splendens’ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HBA | Gallic acid | FS | 72.13 ± 11.03 ab | 54.78 ± 18.81 a | 127.40 ± 17.48 b |
S | - | - | - | ||
Ellagic acid pentoside 1 | FS | 9.45 ± 3.44 a | 5.67 ± 2.29 a | 5.03 ± 2.69 a | |
S | 5.43 ± 2.03 a | 11.64 ± 5.39 a | 4.15 ± 0.18 a | ||
Ellagic acid pentoside 2 | FS | 1.23 ± 0.37 a | 2.91 ± 1.37 a | 1.53 ± 0.24 a | |
S | 1.32 ± 0.44 a | 0.84 ± 0.31 a | 0.82 ± 0.32 a | ||
Methyl ellagic acid pentoside 1 | FS | - | - | - | |
S | 1.22 ± 0.35 a | 1.22 ± 0.41 a | 0.58 ± 0.12 a | ||
Methyl ellagic acid pentoside 2 | FS | - | - | - | |
S | 1.26 ± 0.36 a | 0.78 ± 0.49 a | 0.47 ± 0.39 a | ||
Total | FS | 82.80 ± 14.84 a | 63.36 ± 22.47 a | 134.54 ± 20.41 a | |
S | 9.23 ± 3.18 a | 14.48 ± 6.30 a | 5.44 ± 1.01 a | ||
HCA | FS | 636.74 ± 119.49 a | 1111.94 ± 697.73 a | 1314.25 ± 263.63 a | |
S | 1.45 ± 0.35 a | 1.57 ± 0.43 a | 2.15 ± 0.53 a | ||
FS | - | - | - | ||
S | 4.66 ± 1.41 b | 1.28 ± 0.38 ab | 1.01 ± 0.35 a | ||
5-caffeoylquinic acid 1 | FS | 6.55 ± 3.36 a | 53.36 ± 25.88 a | 23.34 ± 4.74 b | |
S | 1.02 ± 0.25 a | 1.26 ± 0.43 a | 0.80 ± 0.45 a | ||
5-caffeoylquinic acid 2 | FS | 52.81 ± 12.72 a | 2.17 ± 1.04 a | 61.24 ± 26.61 a | |
S | 6.85 ± 2.03 a | 7.02 ± 1.51 a | 6.09 ± 3.18 a | ||
Sinapic acid hexoside 1 | FS | 256.49 ± 55.18 a | 320.10 ± 103.97 a | 557.87 ± 116.94 a | |
S | 0.18 ± 0.05 a | 0.22 ± 0.08 a | 0.14 ± 0.07 a | ||
Sinapic acid hexoside 2 | FS | 0.48 ± 0.11 a | 1.69 ± 0.71 a | 2.16 ± 0.45 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
3-caffeoylquinic acid 1 | FS | 326.12 ± 191.43 a | 235.82 ± 157.48 a | 395.29 ± 136.67 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
3-caffeoylquinic acid 2 | FS | 38.56 ± 19.27 a | 137.03 ± 80.39 a | 174.68 ± 73.67 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
4-caffeoylquinic acid | FS | 0.07 ± 0.02 a | 0.25 ± 0.10 a | 0.32 ± 0.07 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
5- |
FS | 83.77 ± 32.76 a | 61.37 ± 26.12 a | 92.80 ± 44.70 a | |
S | 14.54 ± 4.33 a | 12.41 ± 5.61 a | 16.99 ± 2.61 a | ||
5- |
FS | 334.81 ± 162.66 a | 179.39 ± 93.52 a | 219.31 ± 143.98 a | |
S | 3.51 ± 2.18 a | 1.99 ± 0.71 a | 2.81 ± 0.37 a | ||
3- |
FS | 10.34 ± 1.94 a | 18.06 ± 7.13 a | 21.34 ± 9.28 a | |
S | 0.02 ± 0.008 a | 0.014 ± 0.006 a | 0.04 ± 0.001 a | ||
4- |
FS | 26.56 ± 16.39 a | 36.30 ± 19.93 a | 30.80 ± 18.35 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Total | FS | 1773.30 ± 615.33 a | 2227.48 ± 1,214.00 a | 2893.40 ± 839.27 a | |
S | 32.23 ± 10.61 a | 25.89 ± 9.16 a | 30.03 ± 7.56 a | ||
Gallotannins | Digalloyl hexoside 1 | FS | 67.04 ± 22.74 a | 87.20 ± 36.43 a | 205.58 ± 146.16 a |
S | 75.01 ± 25.98 a | 53.02 ± 26.18 a | 69.88 ± 31.97 a | ||
Digalloyl hexoside 2 | FS | 144.73 ± 40.24 a | 153.85 ± 70.31 a | 289.52 ± 144.26 a | |
S | 97.57 ± 29.68 a | 44.31 ± 26.99 a | 97.01 ± 41.48 a | ||
Methyl gallate hexoside | FS | 268.34 ± 153.01 a | 114.97 ± 86.74 a | 859.74 ± 353.67 b | |
S | 166.63 ± 47.99 a | 61.23 ± 28.79 a | 167.63 ± 75.79 a | ||
Digalloylquinic acid 1 | FS | 196.67 ± 92.76 a | 157.35 ± 63.74 a | 375.45 ± 169.14 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Trigalloyl hexoside 1 | FS | - | - | - | |
S | 171.25 ± 51.67 a | 133.92 ± 37.81 a | 137.53 ± 37.69 a | ||
Trigalloyl hexoside 2 | FS | - | - | - | |
S | 4.78 ± 1.21 a | 5.84 ± 2.51 a | 6.22 ± 2.14 a | ||
Methyl gallate rutinoside | FS | 3.41 ± 0.15 a | 4.72 ± 1.95 a | 6.95 ± 1.49 a | |
S | 0.0004 ± 0.0 a | 0.0002 ± 0.0 a | 0.0001 ± 0.00 a | ||
Methyl gallate acetyl dihexoside | FS | - | - | - | |
S | 0.82 ± 0.19 a | 0.81 ± 0.67 a | 0.39 ± 0.04 a | ||
Total | FS | 680.19 ± 308.90 a | 518.09 ± 259.17 a | 1737.24 ± 814.72 a | |
S | 516.06 ± 156.72 a | 299.13 ± 122.95 a | 478.66 ± 189.11 a | ||
Ellagitannins | diHHDP hexoside 1 | FS | - | - | - |
S | 299.13 ± 102.62 a | 60.85 ± 25.35 a | 102.65 ± 54.16 a | ||
diHHDP hexoside 2 | FS | - | - | - | |
S | 5.21 ± 1.35 a | 8.14 ± 3.76 ab | 16.48 ± 6.14 b | ||
HHDP digalloyl hexoside isomer 1 | FS | 24.89 ± 15.08 a | 32.24 ± 12.85 ab | 69.63 ± 31.19 b | |
S | 25.34 ± 6.08 a | 27.36 ± 7.42 a | 37.45 ± 10.34 a | ||
HHDP digalloyl hexoside isomer 2 | FS | 311.24 ± 116.63 a | 403.00 ± 210.69 ab | 870.41 ± 321.98 b | |
S | 12.71 ± 3.16 a | 15.60 ± 5.32 a | 9.97 ± 5.65 a | ||
HHDP digalloyl hexoside isomer 3 | FS | 30.16 ± 18.36 a | 15.66 ± 7.79 a | 48.84 ± 28.06 a | |
S | - | - | - | ||
Galloyl bis HHDP hexoside 1 | FS | 18.63 ± 4.75 a | 30.29 ± 16.74 a | 46.32 ± 13.75 a | |
S | 0.87 ± 0.42 a | 0.42 ± 0.25 a | 0.39 ± 0.21 a | ||
Galloyl bis HHDP hexoside 2 | FS | - | - | - | |
S | 0.23 ± 0.14 b | 0.06 ± 0.01 ab | 0.05 ± 0.03 a | ||
HHDP galloyl hexoside 1 | FS | 16.53 ± 6.97 a | 17.38 ± 4.47 a | 11.64 ± 4.18 a | |
S | 26.97 ± 8.14 a | 21.09 ± 5.96 a | 21.66 ± 5.93 a | ||
HHDP galloyl hexoside 2 | FS | - | - | - | |
S | 0.05 ± 0.02 a | 0.04 ± 0.02 a | 0.11 ± 0.02 a | ||
Total | FS | 401.45 ± 161.79 a | 498.57 ± 252.54 a | 1046.84 ± 399.19 a | |
S | 370.51 ± 122.20 a | 72.71 ± 48.09 a | 188.76 ± 82.48 a |