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Effects of constantly high soil water content on vegetative growth and grape quality in Japan with high rainfall during grapevine growing season

Yuta Kobayashi
Yuta Kobayashi
, 
Tetsunan Yamamoto
Tetsunan Yamamoto
, 
Hironori Ikeda
Hironori Ikeda
, 
Ryuzo Sugihara
Ryuzo Sugihara
, 
Hiroki Kaihori
Hiroki Kaihori
, 
Masahiro Kawabata
Masahiro Kawabata
 e 
Shunji Suzuki
Shunji Suzuki
   | 13 ago 2020
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Article Category: Research Article
Pubblicato online: 13 ago 2020
Pagine: 135 - 145
Ricevuto: 09 apr 2020
Accettato: 13 lug 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0013
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© 2020 Yuta Kobayashi et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Deployment of a wireless sensor networking system for real-time monitoring of soil water content and an irrigation system. (A) Schematic representation of an experimental plot whose soil water content was controlled to more than 20% using an irrigation system and sheet treatment. (B) Photograph of an experimental plot (20 m × 4 m) whose soil water content was controlled to more than 20%. Ten grapevines were cultivated in the plot. (C) Photographs of grapevines in the experimental plots. Control, non-irrigated grapevines; >20%, irrigated grapevines.
Deployment of a wireless sensor networking system for real-time monitoring of soil water content and an irrigation system. (A) Schematic representation of an experimental plot whose soil water content was controlled to more than 20% using an irrigation system and sheet treatment. (B) Photograph of an experimental plot (20 m × 4 m) whose soil water content was controlled to more than 20%. Ten grapevines were cultivated in the plot. (C) Photographs of grapevines in the experimental plots. Control, non-irrigated grapevines; >20%, irrigated grapevines.

Figure 2

Schematic of a wireless sensor networking system developed for real-time monitoring of soil water content. Control, non-irrigated experimental plot and >20%, irrigated experimental plot with soil water content controlled to more than 20%.
Schematic of a wireless sensor networking system developed for real-time monitoring of soil water content. Control, non-irrigated experimental plot and >20%, irrigated experimental plot with soil water content controlled to more than 20%.

Figure 3

Changes of soil water content in response to rainfall and irrigation water. (A) Response to rainfall. Soil water contents were recorded by sensor B2D3 in the non-irrigated experimental plot and sensor B467 in the experimental plot with soil water content controlled to more than 20% from October 11 to 12 in the 2019 growing season. Rainfall data were collected by the Meteorological Observation System located approximately 50 m from the experimental plots. (B) Response to irrigation water. Irrigation was performed for 10 min at 16:00 on May 29 in the 2017 growing season. Soil water contents in the irrigated experimental plots were recorded by sensors B467, AE75 and AE86. Arrows indicate the timing of irrigation. Dotted lines in graphs indicate 20% soil water content.
Changes of soil water content in response to rainfall and irrigation water. (A) Response to rainfall. Soil water contents were recorded by sensor B2D3 in the non-irrigated experimental plot and sensor B467 in the experimental plot with soil water content controlled to more than 20% from October 11 to 12 in the 2019 growing season. Rainfall data were collected by the Meteorological Observation System located approximately 50 m from the experimental plots. (B) Response to irrigation water. Irrigation was performed for 10 min at 16:00 on May 29 in the 2017 growing season. Soil water contents in the irrigated experimental plots were recorded by sensors B467, AE75 and AE86. Arrows indicate the timing of irrigation. Dotted lines in graphs indicate 20% soil water content.

Figure 4

Representative profiles of soil water content in experimental plots. Soil water contents recorded by each sensor from April 21 to October 31 in the 2017 growing season are shown as representative profiles. (A) Non-irrigated experimental plot. (B) Irrigated experimental plot with soil water content controlled to more than 20%. Dotted lines in graphs indicate 20% soil water content.
Representative profiles of soil water content in experimental plots. Soil water contents recorded by each sensor from April 21 to October 31 in the 2017 growing season are shown as representative profiles. (A) Non-irrigated experimental plot. (B) Irrigated experimental plot with soil water content controlled to more than 20%. Dotted lines in graphs indicate 20% soil water content.

Figure 5

Effects of constantly high soil water content on berry characteristics. Berry characteristics were measured from July 26 to October 4 in the 2017 growing season. (A) Transverse diameter of berry. (B) Weight of 10 berries. (C) Soluble solids content (Brix). (D) Acid content. Control (•), non-irrigated grapevines; >20% (□), irrigated grapevines. Data are means ± standard errors determined from three bunches collected on each sampling day. * p < 0.05 compared with control.
Effects of constantly high soil water content on berry characteristics. Berry characteristics were measured from July 26 to October 4 in the 2017 growing season. (A) Transverse diameter of berry. (B) Weight of 10 berries. (C) Soluble solids content (Brix). (D) Acid content. Control (•), non-irrigated grapevines; >20% (□), irrigated grapevines. Data are means ± standard errors determined from three bunches collected on each sampling day. * p < 0.05 compared with control.

Effects of constantly high soil water content on berry quality

SeasonTreatmentBunch weight (g)Bunch length (cm)Berry number per bunchWeight of 10 berries (g)Transverse diameter (mm)Soluble solids content (Brix)Acid content (g · 100 mL−1)Anthocyanin (μg · cm−2)
2017Control279.7 ± 19.419.9 ± 0.8163.5 ± 9.517.7 ± 0.712.6 ± 0.219.5 ± 0.41.49 ± 0.03388.4 ± 54.1
>20%272.1 ± 15.418.8 ± 0.7158.3 ± 10.417.1 ± 0.312.6 ± 0.119.2 ± 0.11.83 ± 0.06a332.6 ± 23.8
2018Control215.7 ± 18.315.2 ± 0.4113.9 ± 8.916.4 ± 0.313.1 ± 0.116.8 ± 0.40.98 ± 0.05407.8 ± 47.6
>20%201.8 ± 11.015.1 ± 0.5111.0 ± 5.615.6 ± 0.312.7 ± 0.1a16.2 ± 0.20.97 ± 0.03323.6 ± 34.6
2019Control205.5 ± 11.715.0 ± 0.5112.6 ± 5.716.0 ± 0.213.1 ± 0.115.4 ± 0.30.99 ± 0.03333.5 ± 35.7
>20%206.2 ± 11.515.4 ± 0.4119.5 ± 6.816.2 ± 0.512.8 ± 0.1a15.6 ± 0.41.00 ± 0.03273.4 ± 16.9

Effects of constantly high soil water content on timings of bud break, bloom, full bloom and véraison

SeasonTreatmentBud breakBloomFull bloomVéraisonHarvest
2017ControlApril 25June 2June 9August 9October 4
>20%April 25June 2June 9August 19October 4
2018ControlApril 16May 20May 28August 5October 1
>20%April 16May 20May 28August 9October 1
2019ControlApril 28May 28June 4August 7September 28
>20%April 28May 28June 4August 8September 28

Leaf water potential in grapevines

YearDateLeaf water potential (MPa)
Control>20%
2017August 2−0.61 ± 0.07−0.47 ± 0.03
August 11−0.44 ± 0.01−0.48 ± 0.03
August 23−0.40 ± 0.01−0.47 ± 0.03
2018July 21−0.99 ± 0.08−0.68 ± 0.04a
July 23−0.83 ± 0.04−0.77 ± 0.05
July 25−0.79 ± 0.02−0.70 ± 0.04
July 30−0.76 ± 0.05−0.67 ± 0.01
August 13−0.61 ± 0.01−0.56 ± 0.06
August 15−0.61 ± 0.04−0.55 ± 0.03
August 18−0.55 ± 0.05−0.58 ± 0.04
2019July 30−0.61 ± 0.04−0.61 ± 0.01
August 2−0.62 ± 0.02−0.61 ± 0.02
August 4−0.63 ± 0.05−0.63 ± 0.01
August 10−0.77 ± 0.03−0.71 ± 0.04
August 12−0.79 ± 0.02−0.76 ± 0.02
August 14−0.71 ± 0.02−0.72 ± 0.02

Average temperatures, maximum and minimum temperatures, GDD and precipitation from April 1 to October 31 in the experimental farm

MonthAverage temperature (°C)Maximum temperature (°C)Minimum temperature (°C)GDDaPrecipitation (mm)
201720182019201720182019201720182019201720182019201720182019
April13.215.613.221.023.920.86.88.55.99616996857652.5
May19.419.018.927.526.727.312.412.611.228727927250.5104.577.5
June21.922.421.929.529.028.615.816.916.83563723585468133
July27.328.124.734.634.931.122.122.821.053256045565.5138.5172.5
August27.227.727.634.335.334.922.622.223.1534550546129.5134111
September22.322.424.729.028.332.117.218.719.5370373441112.527684.5
October16.217.618.321.325.023.912.012.014.219423826445541.5306.5
Total236925412432952838.5937.5
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