Nordic Concrete Research

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>This paper presents results from investigations on the long-term influence of concrete surface and crack orientation on ingress in cracks. Five reinforced concrete structures from Norway exposed to either de-icing salts or seawater have been investigated. Concrete cores were taken with and without cracks from surfaces with vertical and horizontal orientation. Carbonation in cracks was found on all de-iced structures, and a crack on a completely horizontal surface appeared to facilitate chloride ingress. Ingress of substances from seawater was found in all cracks from marine exposure. However, the impact of cracks on chloride ingress was unclear. Horizontal cracks on vertical surfaces appeared to facilitate self-healing.</abstract>

Abstract

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Keywords

<article-title>Long-term Influence of Concrete Surface and Crack Orientation on Self-healing and Ingress in Cracks – Field Observations</article-title>

Long-term Influence of Concrete Surface and Crack Orientation on Self-healing and Ingress in Cracks – Field Observations

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The second largest cause of lung cancer is related to radon (222Rn) and its progenies in our environment. Building materials, such as concrete, contribute to the production of radon gas through the natural decay of 238U from its constituents. The Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute (CBI) has examined three concrete recipes where only an additive as well as fly ash were added as single constituents to a reference recipe and compared to a reference concrete. The inputs of an additive as well as a supplementary cementitious material (fly ash) were made as a mean to investigate their potential influence on the radon exhalation rates of the concrete. Measurements were performed with an ATMOS 33 ionizing pulsation chamber for at least five different occasions for each recipe during a 22 month period. The results indicate a reduction of the exhalation rate by approximately 30-35 % for each altered recipe. This means roughly 1.5-2 mSv per year decrease in effective dose to a human using an additive or a supplementary cementitious material such as fly ash in relation to the investigated standard concrete.</abstract>

The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Concrete Structures, The Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute (CBI)

The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Concrete Structures

<article-title>Reduction of Radon Gas in Concrete Using Admixtures and Additives</article-title>

Reduction of Radon Gas in Concrete Using Admixtures and Additives

{"article-title":"Reduction of Radon Gas in Concrete Using Admixtures and Additives"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Well-known frost destruction mechanisms applicable to concrete not exposed to salt are, (1) hydraulic pressure during freezing, (2) growth of ice-bodies in capillaries during freezing. Theories behind these mechanisms are presented. A third mechanism, ice expansion during heating of frozen concrete, is put forward. The validity of a certain mechanisms is discussed by analyzing its ability to explain experimental observations.</abstract>

<article-title>Frost Destruction of Concrete – A Study of the Validity of Different Mechanisms</article-title>

Frost Destruction of Concrete – A Study of the Validity of Different Mechanisms

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In the planned Swedish repository for spent nuclear fuel, plugs are designed to close the deposition tunnels. The outer part of these plugs consists of a concrete dome made with self-compacting-concrete, designed to have low pH to reduce negative effects on the bentonite clay buffer. A full-scale test has been performed to evaluate the performance of the plug, to test the installation and to verify underlying design assumptions. In this paper, the behaviour of the concrete dome is evaluated based on measurements, from casting the concrete until it was subjected to 4 MPa hydrostatic water pressure.</abstract>

KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Concrete Structures

<article-title>Full-scale Test of an Unreinforced Concrete Dome Plug for the Spent Nuclear Fuel Repository</article-title>

Full-scale Test of an Unreinforced Concrete Dome Plug for the Spent Nuclear Fuel Repository

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Addition of fly ash or GGBS in concrete has shown to increase the durability and thus the service life of concrete structures exposed to chlorides. Currently, the durability relies on regulations, which beside a minimum cover thickness also put constraint on amount and type of SCM in different environments. Swedish regulations do not, however, consider the actual durability of different binders. As a consequence, a LCA might be misleading. This paper investigates the climate impact of concrete with SCM in chloride environment. Current prescriptive design approach is compared with a performance based service life approach and applied to bridge parts.</abstract>

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering

<article-title>The Influence of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Climate Impact of Concrete Structures Exposed to Chlorides</article-title>

The Influence of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Climate Impact of Concrete Structures Exposed to Chlorides

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Knowledge of the elastic properties of concrete at early age is often a pre-requisite for numerical calculations. This paper discusses the use of a laboratory technique for determining Poisson’s ratio at early concrete age. A non-destructive test set-up using the impact resonance method has been tested and evaluated. With the method, it has been possible to obtain results already at 7 hours of concrete age. Poisson’s ratio is found to decrease sharply during the first 24 hours to reach a value of 0.08 and then increase to approximately 0.15 after seven days.</abstract>

<article-title>Dynamic Measurements for Determining Poisson’s Ratio of Young Concrete</article-title>

Dynamic Measurements for Determining Poisson’s Ratio of Young Concrete

{"article-title":"Dynamic Measurements for Determining Poisson\u2019s Ratio of Young Concrete"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Bleeding and sedimentation quantify the stability of fresh cement paste, whereas the addition of fillers and water reducers affect the stability. The effect of various types of fillers and water reducers was investigated by measuring bleeding, hydrostatic pressure and electroacoustic zeta-potential. Depending on their characteristics and use, fillers can improve stability by reducing sedimentation rate and bleeding. The combined effects of fillers and water reducers on the sedimentation rates, quantified as time-dependent hydrostatic pressure changes (<italic>dp/dt</italic>) in fresh matrix, correspond to their effects on zeta-potentials. The influence of the water reducers on sedimentation and bleeding exceed that of filler type.</abstract>

<article-title>Filler and Water Reducer Effects on Sedimentation, Bleeding and Zeta-Potential of Cement Paste</article-title>

Filler and Water Reducer Effects on Sedimentation, Bleeding and Zeta-Potential of Cement Paste

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>As part of a report <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_ncr-2018-0008_ref_001_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab1ab1Aa">[1]</xref> on continuous preventive bridge maintenance, a survey was conducted with Swedish municipalities. The survey’s focus was on bridges and preventive maintenance, as well as the demands and performance control stated by the municipalities. The preventive maintenance the survey focused on was the annual maintenance concerning washing, cleaning of drainage system and removal of vegetation. The survey showed both similarities and differences within the municipalities but also in comparison with Swedish Transport Agency (STA).</abstract>

RISE Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute

KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil & Architectural Engineering

RISE CBI Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute

<article-title>Continuous Preventive Bridge Maintenance of Swedish Municipalities – A Survey on Common Practice</article-title>

Continuous Preventive Bridge Maintenance of Swedish Municipalities – A Survey on Common Practice

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Hydrated Portland cement paste exposed to a NaCl solution was acidified by adding HCl in small steps, gradually lowering the pH. The chloride binding of the cement paste changed as a function of the pH. For the range of pH from 13.2 to 12.2, decreasing pH resulted in a considerable increase in the chloride binding. At a pH of 11, the cement paste showed almost no chloride binding. In order to explain the changes in chloride binding upon lowering the pH, the phase assemblage was investigated with SEM-EDS, TGA and XRD and compared to a thermodynamic modelling.</abstract>

Department of Materials Science and Engineering

<article-title>Towards the Understanding of the pH Dependency of the Chloride Binding of Portland Cement Pastes</article-title>

Towards the Understanding of the pH Dependency of the Chloride Binding of Portland Cement Pastes

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Cement-based materials are the most consumed materials in the construction industry. Low or high thermal conductive cement-based materials are of interest in applications such as embedded floor heating systems, building envelopes or structural elements. This paper describes prediction models for thermal conductivity of cementitious composites by considering different variables such as constituent materials, porosity and moisture content. The presented prediction models may be used for thermal conductivity based mix design of cementitious materials. Based on the desired accuracy, different solutions are proposed.</abstract>

Department of Manufacturing and Civil Engineering

Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology (NTNU)

Department of Civil Engineering and Energy Technology

<article-title>Prediction Models for Thermal Conductivity of Cement-based Composites</article-title>

Prediction Models for Thermal Conductivity of Cement-based Composites

{"article-title":"Prediction Models for Thermal Conductivity of Cement-based Composites"}

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Nordic Concrete Research ist in den folgenden Services indiziert: <ul> <li> Baidu Scholar </li> <li> CNKI Scholar (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) </li> <li> CNPIEC - cnpLINKer </li> <li> EBSCO Discovery Service </li> <li> Google Scholar </li> <li> Inspec </li> <li> J-Gate </li> <li> KESLI-NDSL (Korean National Discovery for Science Leaders) </li> <li> MyScienceWork </li> <li> Naver Academic </li> <li> Naviga (Softweco) </li> <li> Primo Central (ExLibris) </li> <li> ReadCube </li> <li> Semantic Scholar </li> <li> Summon (ProQuest) </li> <li> TDNet </li> <li> TEMA® Technology and Management </li> <li> Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index </li> <li> WorldCat (OCLC) </li> </ul>

Editor-in-Chief Johan Silfwerbrand, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden <A href="mailto:johan.silfwerbrand@byv.kth.se">johan.silfwerbrand@byv.kth.se</A> Managing Editor Johan Silfwerbrand, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Editorial Advisory Board Terje F. Rønning, Research Council of the Nordic Concrete Federation &amp; Heidelberg Cement NE, Norway Mette R. Geiker, NTNU, Norway Marianne T. Hasholt, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Gitte Normann Munch-Petersen, Technological Institute, Denmark Jouni Punkki, Aalto University, Finland Jukka Lahdensivu, Tampere University of Technology, Finland Peter Utgenannt, RISE, Sweden Mårten Janz, ÅF, Sweden Jón E. Wallevik, Innovation Center Iceland, Iceland Olafur H. Wallevik, Innovation Center Iceland, Iceland Publisher De Gruyter Poland Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str. 01-811 Warsaw, Poland T: +48 22 701 50 15

<DIV align=justify> Submit of articles to the next issue of NCR. Submission by this link: <A href="http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ncrpublication">mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ncrpublication</A> Deadline: June issue: 31th of March December issue: 30th of September Editorial Policy Unpublised material: Submission of a manuscript implies that the work described is not copyrighted or published. The corresponding author should ensure that all authors approve the manuscript before its submission. Conflict of interest: When authors submit a manuscript, they are responsible for recognizing and disclosing financial and/or other conflicts of interest that might bias their work and/or could inappropriately influence his/her judgment. If no specified acknowledgement is given, the Editors assume that no conflict of interest exists. Copyright: All authors retain copyright, unless – due to their local circumstances – their work is not copyrighted. The non-commercial use of each article will be governed by the <A href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license</A>. The corresponding author automatically grants the journal exclusive license for commercial use of the article when submitting the final article. Authorship: Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be named in an Acknowledgement section. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors (according to the above definition) and no inappropriate co-authors are included in the author list of the manuscript, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication. Peer Review process: The Editors reserve the right to decline the submitted manuscript without review, if the studies reported are not sufficiently novel or important to merit publication in the journal. Manuscripts deemed unsuitable (insufficient originality or of limited interest to the target audience) are returned to the author(s) without review. The Editor may seek advice from experts in the appropriate field. Articles are refereed by a minimum of two reviewers. The journal is blind peer-reviewed. Open Access Statement The journal is an Open Access journal that allows a free unlimited access to all its contents without any restrictions upon publication to all users. </DIV>

<DIV align=justify> The aim is to publish reviewed papers on research, recent experiences, and education within the broad concrete field. The scope covers all aspects of concrete and other cementitious materials, e.g., materials, design, construction, assessment, maintenance, repair, strengthening, dismantling, and recycling. The scope is limited to papers that have a Nordic connection, e.g., through the environment conducting the investigation, affiliation of any of the authors, or if the subject of the paper is devoted to any specific Nordic circumstances such as geographical, geological, or organizational ones. The Nordic Concrete Federation (NCF) which is publishing the bi-annually publications Nordic Concrete Research (NCF), is a collaboration organization of the concrete associations in the five Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Read more about NCF on <A href="http://www.nordicconcrete.net/">www.nordicconcrete.net</A>. "Nordic Concrete Research” has no article processing chargers (APCs) nor article submission charges. Archiving Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in <A href="https://www.portico.org/">Portico</A> - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections. Plagiarism Policy The editorial board is participating in a growing community of <A href="https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/">Similarity Check System's</A> users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. </DIV>

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Volume 58 (2018): Issue 1 (June 2018)

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