<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Mucormycosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by a fungus of the order Mucorales, most commonly involving the nasal sinuses, orbits, brain, lungs, and skin. The disease affects mostly immunosuppressed individuals and patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes. The prevalence of mucormycosis is 80 times higher (0.14 per 1000) in India compared to developed countries. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a sudden surge in the number of mucormycosis cases, especially on the Indian subcontinent. This can be attributed to what we consider to be the perfect iatrogenic recipe: a combination between the immunosuppression caused by COVID-19, the large prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes and the simultaneous use of corticosteroids. Other factors include the excessive use of antibiotics, antifungal drugs and zinc supplements, invasive ventilation, poor hygiene and sanitization as well as the use of industrial oxygen in hospitals. As a result, an overwhelmingly large number of COVID-19 patients have developed mucormycosis during the pandemic. A review of the literature suggests that all efforts should be made to keep tight control of glycemia in COVID-19 patients along with judicious use of corticosteroids. The treatment of mucormycosis involves a combination of medical and surgical therapy, with the early initiation of antifungal drugs and aggressive surgical debridement of the affected tissues.
</abstract>

Mucormycosis in the COVID-19 Era – A Natural Calamity or Man-Made Disaster? Current Evidence and Review of the Literature

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<bold>Introduction:</bold> The creation of an abdominal stoma is a common procedure performed by surgeons as a part of the treatment for benign and malignant conditions in general surgery. Stoma formation is simple, but sometimes the associated postoperative complications have an impact on the patients’ physical and psychological state. The majority of complications do not require reoperation, but when it is indicated, we have to assess the most appropriate option for the patient.
<bold>Material and Methods:</bold> We conducted a retrospective study in a single surgical center, the Department of Surgery, Mureș County Hospital, Târgu Mureș, Romania, using data from patients who have been admitted under elective conditions for stoma-related complications between 2005 and 2019.
<bold>Results:</bold> A total number of 877 ostomies (653 colostomies and 224 ileostomies) were performed, and 157 patients (17.9%) developed some type of stoma complication and required surgical intervention. The mean age was 64.5 ± 2.1 years, with a male-female ratio of 1.3 to 1. The leading comorbidities included cardiovascular disease (52.2% of cases), obesity (22.2%), and diabetes (18.4%). Parastomal hernia was the most frequent complication (47.5% of cases), followed by stoma prolapse (23.4%), parastomal stenosis (20.3%), and parastomal infection (8.2%). There was an association between age and the type of complication: parastomal hernia, stoma prolapse, and stenosis were more frequent in the elderly; parastomal infection was more prevalent in young patients. A longer hospital stay was observed in case of parastomal hernia.
<bold>Conclusions:</bold> Stoma formation is associated with significant morbidity. Typically, the complications appear in the elderly. Conservative treatment is essential, but some of the late complications, such as parastomal hernia, stoma stenosis, stoma prolapse, and parastomal infection, require a surgical solution. Parastomal hernias are the most common complications, frequently associated with comorbidities and prolonged hospitalization.
</abstract>

Doctoral School, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology

“George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology

Department of Surgery, Mureș County Hospital

Stoma-Related Complications: A Single-Center Experience and Literature Review

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<bold>Background:</bold> The most common dental materials are resin composite direct restorative materials and dentin adhesives, which are marketed with different techniques, application recommendations, and compositions, making it difficult to choose the most suitable material and method for different cases.
The present study <bold>aimed</bold> to investigate mechanical properties of teeth restored with universal and bulk-fill composites, by using different dentin adhesives and techniques, under in vitro conditions.
<bold>Material and methods:</bold> The study was carried out on freshly extracted premolar and molar teeth. After cavity preparation, the teeth were restored with conventional and bulk-fill resin composites, using different adhesive techniques. To assess the effect of the cavity preparation, the direct restoration, and the adhesive protocol on the tooth structure, a transillumination method and Vickers’ microhardness measurements were carried out.
<bold>Results:</bold> The universal composite showed an average hardness of 55.35 HV at the occlusal level of the restoration, while the bulk-fill composite showed an average of 79.93 HV at the same level. A statistically significant difference was found between the hardness values of the two composites (p = 0.02). The transillumination test revealed micro-fissures in the tooth structure in the first phase after cavity preparation and also after polymerization.
<bold>Conclusions:</bold> The bulk-fill composite showed higher hardness values than the universal composite. The tested dentin adhesives did not significantly affect the hardness of the dentin at the level of the adhesive interface. Fissures can appear in any phase of the direct restoration, after cavity preparation and polymerization.
</abstract>

Dental Student, Faculty of Dental Medicine

Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine

Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology

Department of Morphology of Teeth and Dental Arches; Technology of Dental Prosthesis and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine

In Vitro Study of Mechanical Properties of Teeth Restored with Bulk-fill and Universal Composites Using Different Dentin Adhesives

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<bold>Background:</bold> BNT162b2 is a widely used mRNA COVID-19 vaccine for which 8.2% of participants above the age of 56 years have reported diarrhea as an adverse event. This case report highlights the possibility of eosinophilic colitis in post-vaccination diarrhea.
<bold>Case report:</bold> A 72-year-old male patient presented with generalized colicky abdominal pain and acute diarrhea after receiving the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Laboratory examination revealed peripheral blood eosinophilia with cecal and ascending colon mucosal eosinophilia with 100–130 cells/HPF and eosinophilic cryptitis. The patient’s symptoms and eosinophilia resolved spontaneously and did not recur after the second dose of vaccination. More research is needed to confirm eosinophilic colitis as a possible vaccine adverse reaction.
</abstract>

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine

GI Function & Motility Unit, Department of Medicine

A Case of Eosinophilic Colitis after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination

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Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine

 The Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine aims to publish top quality papers related to any fields of medicine that present an interdisciplinary dimension.  The journal will mainly focus on recent advances in the field of diagnosis and treatment of the most common situations encountered in the clinical or research practice. Interdisciplinary approaches will be extremely welcomed, presenting new advances in the approach of different pathologies from the perspective of various clinical fields.  The Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine will publish high-quality basic and clinical research related to interdisciplinary medical fields, in a common approach that will integrate the clinical studies with the pre-clinical work dedicated to discovery of new mechanisms involved in the development and progression of a large spectrum of diseases.  The journal will try to provide the entire medical community with the perspective of the regional specifics in Central and Eastern European countries. The journal will primarily focus on publishing original research papers, but also other types of materials (such as review articles, case reports, state of the art papers, comments to editor, etc) will be extremely welcomed.  Rejection Rate:   30%   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 