Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics

<article-title>Introduction to Special Issue. Sciences of the Nation Under Soviet Rule: Ethnography and Folkloristics in the Baltic Republics</article-title>

Introduction to Special Issue. Sciences of the Nation Under Soviet Rule: Ethnography and Folkloristics in the Baltic Republics

<p>Estonian ethnography as one of the Estonia-related disciplines was tied with Estonian nationalism from the very beginning. Defined as a science investigating mainly the material side of vanishing traditional peasant culture in the 1920s, it fitted rather well with the Soviet understanding of ethnography as a sub discipline of history. Thanks to the major cooperation projects initiated and coordinated by ethnographers from Moscow, Soviet Estonian ethnographers could continue studying Estonian traditional peasant culture. Their favourite research topics (folk costume, peasant architecture and traditional agriculture) supported Estonian national identity, but also suited the framework of Soviet ethnography. Studying contemporary (socialist) everyday life was unpopular among Estonian ethnographers because the results had to justify and support Soviet policy. They did so unwillingly, and avoided it completely if possible. Despite of some interruption during the Stalin era, ethnography managed to survive as a science of the nation in Soviet Estonia.</p>

Abstract

Keywords

<article-title>Favourite Research Topics of Estonian Ethnographers Under Soviet Rule</article-title>

Favourite Research Topics of Estonian Ethnographers Under Soviet Rule

{"article-title":"Favourite Research Topics of Estonian Ethnographers Under Soviet Rule"}

<p>The article seeks to illuminate the ideologically motivated circumstances of Latvian folklore studies during the period of unconditional Soviet totalitarianism. With the strengthening of the Soviet occupation regime in Latvia in the late 1940s, many interwar folklorists became victims of ideologically motivated disdain and subsequent career limitation. ‘Bourgeois’ scholarship and the methods applied in folklore studies during the interwar period were denounced and recognised as harmful to the new Soviet order. The central part of the article presents a case study of one individual folklorist of the time, Anna Bērzkalne (1891–1956). Both increasing criticism of Bērzkalne’s folklore research approach (the historical–geographical method) and her efforts to accommodate the requirements of the Soviet regime have been analysed.</p>

<article-title>A Folklorist in the Soviet Spotlight</article-title>

{"article-title":"A Folklorist in the Soviet Spotlight"}

<p>This study, based on archive document research and analysis of publications by Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) ethnographers, discusses the process of invention and implementation of Socialist traditions and the role of scientists in this. The introduction of Soviet traditions in Latvia did not begin immediately after the Second World War when the communist occupation regime was restored. The occupation regime in the framework of an anti-religious campaign turned to the transformation of traditions that affect individual’s private sphere and relate to church rituals – baptism, confirmation, weddings, funerals, Latvian cemetery festivities – in the second half of 1950s, along with the implementation of revolutionary and labour traditions. In order to achieve the goals set by the Communist Party, a new structure of institutions was formed and specialists from many fields were involved, including ethnographers from the Institute of History at the LSSR Academy of Sciences (hereinafter – LSSR AS). Ethnographers offered recommendations, as well as observed and analysed the process, discussing it in meetings of official commissions and sharing the conclusions in scientific publications, presentations, etc.</p>

<article-title>The Role of Ethnographers in the Invention of Socialist Traditions in the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic</article-title>

The Role of Ethnographers in the Invention of Socialist Traditions in the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

<p>This article* provides an insight into ethnographic research during the Soviet occupation of Latvia, viewed in the context of national self-consciousness. Ethnographic research in Soviet Latvia was conducted by the ethnographic sector at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR). By successfully using phrases appropriate to the political situation as well as the right quotations from Soviet ideological works, it was possible to maintain ideas and attitudes developed in interwar independent Latvia, for example, regarding Latvian national costume – in the works of Mirdza Slava. In turn, Aina Alsupe managed to carry out substantial new studies of the history and development of weaving in Latvia, and collect materials on the development of applied art in Soviet Latvia. The studies conducted by both Alsupe and Slava allowed researchers to keep applied folk arts and the folk costume topical, and in doing so to help maintain Latvian cultural identity.</p>

<article-title>Ethnographic Research in Soviet Latvia – The Source of a Stronger National Identity</article-title>

Ethnographic Research in Soviet Latvia – The Source of a Stronger National Identity

<p>This article* is dedicated to the regional studies movement in Soviet Lithuania, primarily to ethnography, and argues that Lithuanian ethnographers conducted ethnographic research in different ways. The focus is on the Ramuva movement, founded in 1970 at Vilnius University and continuing until 1994. The activities of the Lithuanian regional studies movement were characterised by diverse education and ethnographic practices. I assert that the key to the success of Ramuva’s activity was a creative circumventing of Soviet ideology and practice. Through a discussion of theoretical issues and the results of fieldwork, I analyse the following questions: How did Marxism–Leninism change ethnography in Soviet Lithuania? What were the activities, methods and theory of regional research? Was Ramuva’s policy of knowledge production in opposition to the Soviet regime?</p>

Department of Ethnology and Anthropology, Lithuanian Institute of History

<article-title>The Regional Studies Movement in Soviet Lithuania</article-title>

The Regional Studies Movement in Soviet Lithuania

{"article-title":"The Regional Studies Movement in Soviet Lithuania"}

<p>The lives of Indonesian <italic>waria</italic> (transgender women) are substantially shaped by spatial dynamics. As a result of social and spatial exclusion, subsequent migration and economic needs, a lifestyle pattern around daily work in beauty salons and street nightlife tied to transactional sex has evolved in many parts of urban Indonesia. Drawing on ethnographic research in the Indonesian regions of Java and West Papua, I demonstrate that despite tremendous spatial abjection, salons and street nightlife are also productive, transformative and conjoining spatialities that foster <italic>waria</italic> subjectivity in affective relations with their intimate partners, the community, the phantasmic promise of the transnational mediascape and Indonesia as a nation. The places that <italic>waria</italic> occupy may spark moral prejudice and targeted violence, but simultaneously they are sites of agency at which <italic>waria</italic> experience self-affirmation and a sense of belonging while embodying through gendered performance the envisioned mobility at both national and transnational scales. The paper thus foregrounds how spaces and subjectivities are mutually constitutive, forging one another, as well as how certain spatialities hold potential to disrupt the sense of marginality.</p>

<article-title>Between Abjection and World-Making: Spatial Dynamics in the Lives of Indonesian <italic>Waria</italic></article-title>

Between Abjection and World-Making: Spatial Dynamics in the Lives of Indonesian 

<p>This paper discusses the role of Oromo proverbs in conflict resolution and/or management as a peace-making verbal communication principle in the cultural context. The lesson from proverbs, which contain traditional morsels of wisdom, consists of cultural value and rhetorical effectiveness helping to enforce reality in the context in which they are used. Data for this paper is generated from primary sources. In data gathering, we used interview and focus group discussion. The analysis shows that proverbs have persuasive power to advise, guide and influence conflicting parties to settle their case peacefully. The proverbs tell their truths about conflict situations and devise a resolution and management approach through metaphorical and symbolic representations. Proverbs are also an integral part of Oromo culture, handing down and imparting norms, values, rules and the worldview of the community to guide people to live in customary ways.</p>

Department of Oromo Folklore and Literature, College of Social Sciences and Humanities

<article-title>Oromo Proverbs and Proverbial Expressions in the Customary Judicial System in Ethiopia</article-title>

Oromo Proverbs and Proverbial Expressions in the Customary Judicial System in Ethiopia

European University St. Petersburg/Perm State University

<article-title>Introduction : Sacred Geographies and Identity Claims: The Revival of Sacred Sites in the Post-Soviet Space</article-title>

Introduction : Sacred Geographies and Identity Claims: The Revival of Sacred Sites in the Post-Soviet Space

<article-title>Sufis, Shrines, and the State in Tajikistan</article-title>

Sufis, Shrines, and the State in Tajikistan

{"article-title":"Sufis, Shrines, and the State in Tajikistan"}

<article-title>Sacred Geographies in the Eurasian Steppe: The Aqkol Shrine as a Symbol of Kazakh Ethnicity and Religiosity</article-title>

Sacred Geographies in the Eurasian Steppe: The Aqkol Shrine as a Symbol of Kazakh Ethnicity and Religiosity

<article-title>When Sacred Sites Become Symbols of Nationhood</article-title>

When Sacred Sites Become Symbols of Nationhood

{"article-title":"When Sacred Sites Become Symbols of Nationhood"}

<article-title>Sacred Sites and Not-So-Dirty Money in Daghestan, North Caucasus</article-title>

Sacred Sites and Not-So-Dirty Money in Daghestan, North Caucasus

{"article-title":"Sacred Sites and Not-So-Dirty Money in Daghestan, North Caucasus"}

Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography [Kunstkamera], Russian Academy of Sciences

<article-title>Sacred Landscapes Through the Lens of Religious Nationalism</article-title>

Sacred Landscapes Through the Lens of Religious Nationalism

{"article-title":"Sacred Landscapes Through the Lens of Religious Nationalism"}

<article-title>The Revival of Sacred Sites in the Urals: the Local and Beyond</article-title>

The Revival of Sacred Sites in the Urals: the Local and Beyond

{"article-title":"The Revival of Sacred Sites in the Urals: the Local and Beyond"}

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<P><STRONG>Editor-in-Chief</STRONG><BR><A href="https://www.ut.ee/en/art-leete">Art Leete</A>, University of Tartu, Estonia </P> <P><STRONG>Deputy/ Managing Editor</STRONG><BR>Helen Kästik, University of Tartu, Estonia </P> <P><STRONG>Editorial Advisory Board</STRONG><BR>Pertti J. Anttonen, University of Eastern Finland, Finland<BR>Alexandra Arkhipova, Russian State University for the Humanities, Russian Federation<BR>Camilla Asplund Ingemark, Åbo Akademi University, Finland<BR>Marjorie Mandelstam Balzer, Georgetown University, United States<BR>Dace Bula, Latvian University, Latvia<BR>Tatyana Bulgakova, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Russian Federation<BR>Anne-Victoire Charrin, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, France<BR>Carlo A. Cubero, Tallinn University, Estonia<BR>Silke Göttsch-Elten, Universität Kiel, Germany<BR>Lauri Harvilahti, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Finland<BR>Mihály Hoppál, Ethnographic Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary<BR>Aivar Jürgenson, Tallinn University, Estonia<BR>Patrick Laviolette, Tallinn University, Estonia<BR>Bo Lönnqvist, University of Jyväskylä, Finland<BR>Margaret Mackay, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom<BR>Irena Regina Merkienė, Lithuanian Institute of History, Lithuania<BR>Stefano Montes, University of Palermo, Italy<BR>Kjell Ole Kjærland Olsen, UiT Norges Arktiske Universitetet, Norway<BR>Alexander Panchenko, Institute of Russian Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation<BR>Éva Pócs, University of Pécs, Hungary<BR>Peter P. Schweitzer, University of Vienna, Austria<BR>Victor Semenov, Syktyvkar State University, Russian Federation<BR>Laura Siragusa, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom<BR>Timothy R. Tangherlini, University of California Los Angeles, United States<BR>Peeter Torop, University of Tartu, Estonia<BR>Žarka Vujić, University of Zagreb, Croatia<BR>Elle Vunder, University of Tartu, Estonia<BR>Sheila Watson, University of Leicester, United Kingdom<BR>Ulrika Wolf-Knuts, Åbo Akademi University, Finland </P> <P><STRONG>Editors</STRONG><BR>Risto Järv, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia<BR>Indrek Jääts, Estonian National Museum, Estonia<BR>Art Leete, University of Tartu, Estonia<BR>Pille Runnel, Estonian National Museum, Estonia<BR>Taive Särg, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia<BR>Ülo Valk, University of Tartu, Estonia </P> <P><STRONG>Language Editors</STRONG><BR>Daniel Edward Allen, independent, Estonia </P> <P><STRONG>Technical Editors</STRONG><BR>Tuuli Kaalep, Estonian National Museum, Estonia<BR>Helen Kästik, University of Tartu, Estonia </P> <P><STRONG>Contact:<BR></STRONG>Professor Art Leete (<A href="mailto:art.leete@ut.ee">art.leete@ut.ee</A>) </P> <P><STRONG>Publisher</STRONG><BR>De Gruyter Poland<BR>Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str.<BR>01-811 Warsaw, Poland<BR>T: +48 22 701 50 15 </P>

<DIV align=justify> <P><STRONG>Description:</STRONG> </P> <P><EM>Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics</EM> (<EM>JEF</EM>) is a multidisciplinary forum for scholars. Addressed to an international scholarly audience, <EM>JEF</EM> is open to contributions from researchers all over the world. <EM>JEF</EM> publishes articles in the research areas of ethnology, folkloristics, museology, cultural and social anthropology. It includes both studies focused on the empirical analysis of particular cases as well as those that are more theoretically oriented. </P> <P></P> <P><STRONG>Rejection Rate:</STRONG> </P> <UL> <LI>50% </LI></UL> <P></P> <P><A><STRONG>Similarity Check Plagiarism Screening System</STRONG></A> </P> <P>The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. </P> <P>Detailed description of the Similarity Check System can be found at:<BR><A href="https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/">www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/</A> </P></DIV>

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Volume 13 (2019): Issue 2 (December 2019)

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