The Journal of Mendel University in Brno

European Countryside

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In this article, we will introduce the topic of strengths-based planning strategies for rural localities in Finland. The strengths-based approach focuses on capacity building and competence enhancement with the local people, encouraging communities to valorise, identify and mobilise existing but often unrecognised assets. Setting focus only on the deficiencies and problems easily inflicts a ‘surrender mentality‘ in places outside of the urbanisation impact, creating a narrative that both decision-makers and community members start to believe. Hence, the role and potential of smaller rural localities is easily forgotten by planners, politicians and the public at large. Addressing the scale of rural localities in spatial planning, we will first reflect upon the main findings from our earlier research project “Finnish rural localities in the 2010`s” conducted by Lahti University of Applied Sciences, the University of Oulu and Aalto University in 2013-2015. Findings from the research project affirmed the unfortunate consequences of rapid urbanisation, rational blueprint planning and overoptimistic expectations of growth in the 1960s and 70s, which have resulted in the state of permanent incompleteness in rural localities today. However, these localities possess many under-utilised strengths, and we consider it essential for the future development of rural localities to make the most of this potential, and not only tackle the downwards spiral. This requires the ability to engage local stakeholders around a common vision for the future, and strategic approach based on endogenous strengths. We will discuss these possibilities via two theoretically informed case studies. The first one, Vieremä, is situated in the region of Northern Savo, and the other one, Vääksy, is the main centre in the municipality of Asikkala, situated in the region of Päijät-Häme in Southern Finland. Our study design can be characterised as qualitative research benefiting from a case study approach, mixed methods research and participatory action research. Being critical-emancipatory by nature, the exploratory and normative perspectives of Future Studies have also provided methodologies to explore future alternative paths and the available, yet possibly hidden, resources of people, commodities and skills in new ways. Through these case studies, we have identified an urgent need for capacity building and preparedness for sustainable resource management in Finnish rural localities, including natural and cultural heritage protection, climate change management and human well-being. There is a need to start thinking creatively ‘outside-the-box‘ and create strategic alliances between civil society, business and government, and most importantly, between urban and rural areas. Now is the time to start innovating a range of policy options and strategic objectives for addressing rural localities as places where a sustainable future can be developed in Finland.</abstract>

Abstract

Keywords

<article-title>Towards Strengths-Based Planning Strategies for Rural Localities in Finland</article-title>

Towards Strengths-Based Planning Strategies for Rural Localities in Finland

{"article-title":"Towards Strengths-Based Planning Strategies for Rural Localities in Finland"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The practice of Hungarian rural development planning shows the lack of future orientation. The time horizon of planning is short-term, the strategic way of thinking beyond 7–10 years long period is missing or it has great deficiencies. It is not even considering the long-term opportunities. Therefore, the short term plans are not derived from established perspectives, they do not have sufficient grounds. This paper briefly summarises the achievements of a research activity to make an attempt to prove that despite the limitations in understanding and unfolding the future, it is possible to provide useful information for the planning of rural development in 20 – 30 years or even on several more years. This is based on pre-scenarios, highlighting the high efficiency and unexpected weak signals of the driving forces.</abstract>

Centre of Economic Geography and Futures Research, Faculty of Social Sciences and International Relations

Department of European Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences

<article-title>Supporting the Absorbent National Rural Development Planning by Scenarios</article-title>

Supporting the Absorbent National Rural Development Planning by Scenarios

{"article-title":"Supporting the Absorbent National Rural Development Planning by Scenarios"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The paper elaborates on the relationship between land cover changes and transformation drivers, by analysing the dynamics that took place between 1990 and 2010 in Mt. Matese area (Italy). Mt. Matese is an interesting case study which was included as a pilot area in the Italian Strategy for Inner Areas. Drivers related to land cover changes include population characteristics, the agricultural and production system, tourist offer, location and settlements dynamics. Land cover changes and the dynamics of studied drivers are analysed in-depth, through a descriptive and multivariate analysis. Results highlight the difficult situation of the study area for many drivers. However, the slow changes in land cover and the potentialities offered by the natural environment, as well as by the agriculture and tourism sectors, outline some development prospects. The paper outlines the current scenario in the area and provides useful references for future policies aimed at setting up this area as National Park and at implementing the Strategy for Inner Areas.</abstract>

<article-title>Socio-Economic Drivers, Land Cover Changes and the Dynamics of Rural Settlements: Mt. Matese Area (Italy)</article-title>

Socio-Economic Drivers, Land Cover Changes and the Dynamics of Rural Settlements: Mt. Matese Area (Italy)

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Planning research has increasingly recognised that planning in depopulating areas differs from planning in growth areas. Several studies have sought to identify planning theories and strategies that are capable of meeting the challenges presented by depopulating areas. However, most of these studies and strategies are based on dense urban environments. This paper seeks to add to planning theory and practice by focusing on informal planning practices in rural depopulating areas. Starting from a resource-based view, the paper introduces an analytical framework that allows a systematic examination of the resources that are generated through informal planning practices in such areas.</abstract>

Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences

<article-title>Informal Planning in Depopulating Rural Areas</article-title>

Informal Planning in Depopulating Rural Areas

A resource-based view on informal planning practices

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Although the tendency that the population migrate from rural to urban areas is typical world wide, the globalised economy creates new circumstances and opportunities for rural areas as well. The ‘new rural economy’ therefore needs new infrastructure to support it. The authors of the paper have a common interest in how enterprise hubs could help the development of entrepreneurship in the 21st century from two different directions, from physical and from social aspects. Building on the experience gained along enterprise hubs in cities, the hypothesis behind the study is, that creating enterprise hubs from existing buildings in rural settlements could help the development of rural entrepreneurship. To examine the hypothesis two case studies following a period of two years (enterprise hub development in Debrecen and Noszvaj) were carried out. In line with other studies in this field, result shows that even well-designed physical spaces are not enough for change, and initiators, hosts or facilitators are needed, as they play an important role in focusing on the real interaction network and enabling more synergies to happen.</abstract>

Faculty of Economics & Business, Department of Enterprise Development

Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Department of Architecture and Urban Design

<article-title>Rural Enterprise Hub Supporting Rural Entrepreneurship and Innovation – Case Studies from Hungary</article-title>

Rural Enterprise Hub Supporting Rural Entrepreneurship and Innovation – Case Studies from Hungary

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Cultural heritage can play a very important role in local and regional development with economic and social effects. The European Union (EU) outlined a specific measure that is aimed at the protection and development of rural heritage within rural development policy in the programming period of 2007–2013. The main aim of this paper is to assess economic and social impacts of projects supported by EU Rural Policy in the Czech Republic during the period of 2007–2013. The implemented projects were located mainly in peripheral rural areas, both near to borders and in inner peripheries, which means that the measure was geographically well targeted. The results of the measure contribute to the restoration and reconstruction of historical monuments, churches, cemeteries and small sacral monuments which create an environment in rural settlements. This environment is very important for the community life and strengthening local identity. In the field of economic development, the results of this measure demonstrate only limited effects in supported villages.</abstract>

Department of Regional Studies, Faculty of Economics

<article-title>Economic and Social Impacts of Promoting Cultural Heritage Protection by the Czech Rural Development Programme 2007–2013</article-title>

Economic and Social Impacts of Promoting Cultural Heritage Protection by the Czech Rural Development Programme 2007–2013

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Most of the strategies developed to “save” rural territories in Europe have not been successful. One of their main problems has been the adoption of the top-down paradigm when approaching the development of those territories. Portugal is a good example of the difficulty in adopting a bottom-up paradigm. The main objective of this paper is to present the perceptions of the local (including the residents) and regional stakeholders acting at Boticas, regarding the set of resources available and the development of the tourism industry. Boticas is a northern Portuguese, rural low-density municipality. In capturing those perceptions, the research contributes to the establishment of a more integrated and innovative development strategy and thus, a more capable strategy for profiting from the potential associated with the growth of the tourism industry that has been experienced recently in Portugal. The adoption of a mixed-method was suggested for evaluating these resources and capturing the perceptions of the tourist potential by different stakeholders. Empirical data was collected through a survey of 373 of its residents and 25 interviews conducted with local and regional actors, further supported by an inventory of the cultural resources and their capacity for visits. We conclude here that, residents tend to have a very positive perception of tourism development, and indeed, their perceptions largely met those of other stakeholders.</abstract>

Laboratory of Landscape, Heritage and Territory

Departamento de Territorio, Património e Cultura

<article-title>The Planning of Tourism on Rural Areas: The Stakeholders' Perceptions of the Boticas Municipality (Northeastern Portugal)</article-title>

The Planning of Tourism on Rural Areas: The Stakeholders' Perceptions of the Boticas Municipality (Northeastern Portugal)

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>This article reveals the importance of different methods for assessment of social infrastructure (SI) development needs in rural areas. Rural social infrastructure is a significant element of rural territories interpreted in different ways: as social and economic system, basic services for local community, social bridge for integrating different social groups into the society, important factor for satisfaction of rural people’s needs and acknowledgement of their human rights. Besides the mentioned importance of SI to rural areas and rural community, the lack of exploration of methods for analysis of the needs for developing rural social infrastructure has been noticed in the scientific literature. The research aim is therefore to analyse the methods for assessment of needs of rural social infrastructure. The research question has been set accordingly: how different methods for need analysis could be applied to social infrastructure planning and development? The research results show that need analysis is generally linked to various methods, but for the SI planning, development and implementation specifically, there are certain methods, the application of which depends on specifics of rural areas (as territory) and features of local community.</abstract>

Business and Rural Development Management Institute, Faculty of Economics and Management

<article-title>Methods for the Assessment of Rural Social Infrastructure Needs</article-title>

Methods for the Assessment of Rural Social Infrastructure Needs

{"article-title":"Methods for the Assessment of Rural Social Infrastructure Needs"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The paper deals with the issue of creation of new public spaces in emerging residential areas in rural settlements and small towns. The developers of the new residential zones currently pursue their private interests and the specific rural structure is complemented by isolated residential complexes without relation to the centre of the settlement and structure of the main public spaces. The hypothesis that the efficient residential structure can be achieved even at a higher percentage of active and vibrant public spaces is verified at eleven case studies in three selected settlements (Bernolákovo, Brezno, Chorvátsky Grob – Čierna Voda). The examined proposals (case studies) showed that despite the wide application of social and recreational public spaces and the large percentage of green area per capita, the site coverage coefficient was comparable and the population density was even higher than the current standards of development. In conclusion, it is possible to say, that the creation of public spaces in a residential zone does not adversely affect the efficiency of the new development. On the contrary, it brings a lot of benefits.</abstract>

Institute of Urban Design and Planning, Faculty of Architecture

Slovak University of Technology Bratislava

<article-title>Public Space and the Efficiency of the New Residential Zones in Small Slovak Towns and Villages</article-title>

Public Space and the Efficiency of the New Residential Zones in Small Slovak Towns and Villages

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Inclusion of specific rural architectural and planning forms in the urban structure of Moscow is analysed. As a theoretical background, theories of Garden-Cities (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_euco-2017-0033_ref_006_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1ab1ab6Aa">Howard, 1902</xref>), Rural-urban continuum (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_euco-2017-0033_ref_014_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1ab1ac14Aa">Sorokin, Zimmerman, 1929</xref>), Slow city (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_euco-2017-0033_ref_009_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1ab1ab9Aa">Mayer, Knox, 2009</xref>) are considered. Inclusion of rural architectural and planning forms is analysed for different structural elements of Moscow’s urban environment – public spaces, industrial areas, residential areas, street and road network. Authors argue that once included into the structure of the city, rural planning and architectural forms do not disappear, but after the termination of the implementation of their parent species and ways of life, which are really related to agriculture and other “non-urban” activities, they are transformed for integration into urban life and the environment, contributing to an increase in their diversity. This pattern can be traced consistently, at least, from the XVIII century.</abstract>

Director of Center for Situational Monitoring and Regional Studies, The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences

<article-title>Rural Architectural and Planning Forms as a Source of Diversity for Urban Environment (Case Study of Moscow)</article-title>

Rural Architectural and Planning Forms as a Source of Diversity for Urban Environment (Case Study of Moscow)

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Expansion of the wildland-urban interface in countries in the European Mediterranean basin is increasing vulnerability to forest fires. Despite more effective extinction systems, this is still a growing problem. This article defends the importance of spatial planning (land-use and urban planning) and the need for systematic intervention to mitigate this wildfire risk. A critical review of the current situation, noting intervention focused on buildings and plots and insufficient action on intermediate spatial scales, is followed by the presentation of significant and relevant experiences in the European context.</abstract>

<article-title>Spatial Planning Experiences for Vulnerability Reduction in the Wildland-Urban Interface in Mediterranean European Countries</article-title>

Spatial Planning Experiences for Vulnerability Reduction in the Wildland-Urban Interface in Mediterranean European Countries

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Ukraine faces a number of challenges including rapid deterioration of the environment. Shift to the sustainable development requires a radical change in governance and legislation. It is obvious the lack of strategic documents, which would define the approaches to integration of certain objectives into sectoral policies. It is strongly related to the system of spatial planning, which should be improved according to European standards, including those concerning environmental protection. This publication reveals approaches to “greening” of the planning process on the basis of German methodology of landscape planning. This methodology was adapted in Ukraine in the framework of joint projects. Particular attention has been given to rural development under decentralisation process. Efficient ways towards the improvement of spatial planning and development have been considered on the case of Ukrainian local community.</abstract>

Director of the Institute, Head of Cartography Department

Scientific Secretary of the Institute, Head of Sustainable Development and Environmental Assessment Section

Deputy Director of the Institute, Head of Human Geography Department

Senior Research Fellow of Cartography Department

Research Fellow of Landscape Science Department

<article-title>Reshaping Rural Communities and Spatial Planning in Ukraine</article-title>

Reshaping Rural Communities and Spatial Planning in Ukraine

{"article-title":"Reshaping Rural Communities and Spatial Planning in Ukraine"}

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Editor-in-Chief: Milada Stastna, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Managing Editor: Antonin Vaishar, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Editorial Advisory Board: Jerzy Banski, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland Tatiana Borodina, Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Alexandre Dubois, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden Josef Eitzinger, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria Elisabete Figueiredo, University of Aveiro, Portugal Tamas Hardi, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Regional Studies, West Hungarian Research Department Györ and Széchenyi István University Györ, Hungary Costela Iordache, University of Craiova, Romania Roderick J. Lawrence, University of Geneva, Switzerland Marie-Claude Maurel, EHESS Paris, France Danny Markus, US Department of Agriculture, USA Cennet Oguz, Selcuk University Konya, Turkey Hannes Palang, University of Tallinn, Estonia Andreas Panagopoulos, Land Reclamation Institute Sindos, Greece Bas Pedroli, Alterra Wageningen, the Netherlands Marina Pintar, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Elenica Pjero, University of Ismail Qemali Vlore Antonio Raschi, C.N.R. - Ibimet Firenze, Italy Eileen O´Rourke, University College Cork, Ireland Roberta Sisto, University of Foggia, Italy Michael Sofer, Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan, Israel Peter Spisiak, Pavol Jozef Safarik University Kosice, Slovakia Annett Steinfuhrer, Thunen Institute for Rural Studies Braunschweig, Germany Antoni Francesc Tulla Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain Gintare Vaznoniene, Vytautas Magnus University Kaunas, Lithuania Michael Woods, University of Wales Aberystwyth, United Kingdom Executive Board Martin Culek, Masaryk University Brno, Czechia Barbora Duzi, Institute of Geonics, Czech Academy of Sciences Ostrava, Czechia Jitka Fialova, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Tomas Hlavsa, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information Prague, Czechia Vladan Hruska, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University Usti nad Labem, Czechia Igor Kyselka, Institute for Spatial Development Brno Simona Miskolci, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Jan Moudry, South-Bohemian University Ceske Budejovice, Czechia Leos Pavlata, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Radim Perlin, Charles University Prague, Czechia Pavel Ptacek, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Katerina Ryglova, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Alena Salasova, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Vera Svobodova, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Magdalena Daria Vaverkova, Mendel Univesrity in Brno, Czechia Hana Vavrouchova, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Lucie Vidovicova, Masaryk University Brno, Czechia Jana Zapletalova, Institute of Geonics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czechia Pavlina Zrubkova, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czechia Language Editor: Samuel Adeyinka Okubote, Masaryk University Brno, Czechia Technical Editor: Michaela Ticha, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Webmaster: Milan Oulehla, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Librarian: Jana Pokorna, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Contact European Countryside Mendel University in Brno Faculty of AgriSciences (Department 215) Zemedelska 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic Telephone Milada Stastna: 420 545 132 459 Antonin Vaishar: 420 545 132 461 E-mail: <A href="mailto:eurocountry@seznam.cz">eurocountry@seznam.cz</A> Publisher De Gruyter Poland Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str. 01-811 Warsaw, Poland T: +48 22 701 50 15

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Methodology minimal content: description and justification of the applied methods, data sources, monitored period, etc. a characteristic of the region under study when appropriate Results minimal content: research results with comments, explanation of causal relations, Conclusion and discussion minimal content: summary of research findings, comparison with another region/in European context/other research of authors/another methodological approach etc., comment on the research objectives and hypotheses. It is recommended to divide the manuscript by subtitles in a common structure (introduction, theoretical and methodological background based on international literature, empirical knowledge, conclusion, and discussion, acknowledgments, references). The paper should contain a unifying idea from the introduction to the conclusions). Peer Review process Each paper will pass through an initial evaluation. It involves being checked by the anti-plagiarism program and an initial evaluation from viewpoints of coincidence with the aim and scope of the journal, clear definition of the aim and research question(s) of the paper and its sufficient embedding in the international literature (defined as papers in journals covered by Web of Knowledge or SCOPUS). In the case of a positive initial evaluation, the manuscript is forwarded to the external review process. The journal follows a double-blind reviewing procedure. Manuscripts are evaluated by at least two independent reviewers from different countries. The reviewers can recommend the acceptance of the manuscript in the original version, with minor, with major changes, after substantial reworking or its rejection. The author(s) obtain the reviews with a standpoint or instructions of the Executive Board after the review process is completed. The Executive Board, as a collective body, always decides whether or not to accept the article in the external review process and about the final decision on publication. Editorial Policy European Countryside is an international on-line scientific journal focusing on rural research. It publishes theoretical and empirical articles, considering the multi-functional rural development, regional aspects of rural problems and results of individual disciplines directed towards the countryside. The journal concerns European rural investigations. European Countryside supports European integration processes, collaboration of European experts and the idea of Europe of Regions. Publishing in European Countryside is open for experts from universities, research institutes and other scientific institutions regardless of their nationality, ethnicity or religion. The Journal publishes individual articles, mono-thematic issues, conference papers, articles based on theses or research reports. Only technical criteria as quality, language level and technical competence are decisive for accepting or refection of the article. The Executive Board of the Journal decides on the base of at least two independent reviews. The review process is confidential. The acceptance of the article for publication is conditioned by payment of the publication costs by the authors or their institutions as a rule. On the other hand, all published articles are at disposal free of charge to the widest spectrum of readers. ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE The fee for publishing the Research paper is EUR 120. The fee for other contributions (short communication, research note, editorial) is EUR 95. The fee is reduced for Board of Reviewers members by EUR 25 for each article reviewed.

<DIV align=left> The Journal publishes articles on the European countryside, the rural areas of individual European countries or regions. The multidisciplinary periodical contains papers from an ecology of a rural landscape, rural sociology, demography and gender, multi-functional rural development, agriculture and other branches of the rural economy, impacts of Common Agricultural Policy on rural development, rural geography, rural borderland, rural and agro-tourism, rural settlement, small towns as centres of rural micro-regions, rural planning and architecture, rural collaboration. It prefers complex contributions with rural development issues to articles with narrowly economic or technical issues. </DIV> <DIV align=left> Why subscribe and read European journal is focused on multi-functional problems of the countryside, connecting western and eastern European rural problems and streaming to the common future in unifying Europe. However, special issues focus on selected topics. Those interested in rural development will find theories, methods, drinks and information from various disciplines. Papers are free accessed. Why submit Journal is reviewed according to the standard procedure. The Editorial Board is available to guide the authors through finalizing the contributions. The review process is confidential. The authors will gain unlimited opportunity to be read, quoted and networked for an insignificant amount of money. The journal allows and prefers colour graphics to a reasonable extent without financial surcharges. Article citations can be found in major databases including Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS or Google Scholar. The Cite Score at SCOPUS has been rising steadily since 2012. Rejection Rate <UL> <LI>37% </LI></UL> Archiving Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in <A href="https://www.portico.org/">Portico</A> - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections. Plagiarism Policy The editorial board is participating in a growing community of <A href="https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/">Similarity Check System's</A> users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. </DIV>

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Volume 9 (2017): Issue 3 (September 2017) Special Issue: Planning in the Rural Space Issue Editors: Antonín Vaishar, Hana Vavrouchová

Volume 9 (2017): Issue 3 (September 2017)

Editions

Magazine et Edition

European Countryside

Chercher

Volume 9 (2017): Edition 3 (September 2017)
Special Edition: Planning in the Rural Space Edition Editors: Antonín Vaishar, Hana Vavrouchová

Détails du journal et du numéro

Chercher

Articles

Planifiez votre conférence à distance avec Sciendo

Editions

Magazine et Edition

European Countryside

Chercher

Volume 9 (2017): Edition 3 (September 2017)Special Edition: Planning in the Rural Space Edition Editors: Antonín Vaishar, Hana Vavrouchová

Détails du journal et du numéro

Chercher

Articles

Planifiez votre conférence à distance avec Sciendo

Volume 9 (2017): Edition 3 (September 2017)
Special Edition: Planning in the Rural Space Edition Editors: Antonín Vaishar, Hana Vavrouchová