Generous SCHIP | 0.04370 |
0.02993 |
0.01377 |
Age | 0.00000 (0.00004) | −0.00001 (0.00002) | 0.00001 (0.00003) |
Female | 0.00047 (0.00082) | −0.00023 (0.00039) | 0.00070 (0.00067) |
College degree | −0.00021 (0.00088) | −0.00019 (0.00042) | −0.00002 (0.00072) |
White | −0.00965 |
−0.00237 |
−0.00728 |
Black | −0.01125 |
−0.00238 (0.00148) | −0.00887 |
Hispanic | 0.00012 (0.00385) | 0.00142 (0.00164) | −0.00130 (0.00320) |
Number of children | −0.00093 |
−0.00049 |
−0.00044 (0.00030) |
Lives in a city | 0.00487 |
0.00240 |
0.00247 |
State population | 0.68288 |
0.18323 |
0.49965 |
Observations | 203,275 | 203,275 | 203,275 |
Entrepreneurial propensity of natives: | 0.0950 | 0.0345 | 0.0606 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.0064 |
0.0068 |
0.0035* (0.0019) |
Observations | 609,365 | 609,365 | 609,365 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.0067 (0.0475) | 0.0083 (0.0459) | 0.0037 (0.1116) |
First stage F-stat | 2101.30 | 2697.76 | 1374.92 |
Observations | 609,365 | 609,365 | 609,365 |
Entrepreneurial propensity of natives | 0.0950 | 0.0345 | 0.0606 |
Immigrant entrepreneurship rate | 0.00042 |
0.00027 (0.00027) | 0.00018 (0.00019) |
Observations | 609,365 | 609,365 | 609,365 |
Immigrant entrepreneurship rate | 0.0029 (0.0125) | 0.0299 (0.0266) | 0.0089 (0.0082) |
First stage F-stat | 92.93 | 25.20 | 174.76 |
Observations | 609,365 | 609,365 | 609,365 |
Alaska (AK) | March 1999 | Yes |
Alabama (AL) | February 1998 | No |
Arkansas (AR) | October 1998 | No |
Arizona (AZ) | October 1997 | No |
California (CA) | July 1998 | Yes |
Colorado (CO) | April 1998 | No |
Connecticut (CT) | October 1997 | No |
District of Columbia (DC) | September 1997 | Yes |
Delaware (DE) | October 1998 | Yes |
Florida (FL) | April 1998 | No |
Georgia (GA) | September 1998 | No |
Hawaii (HI) | January 2000 | Yes |
Iowa (IA) | July 1998 | No |
Idaho (ID) | October 1997 | No |
Illinois (IL) | January 1998 | Yes |
Indiana (IN) | October 1997 | No |
Kansas (KS) | July 1998 | No |
Kentucky (KY) | July 1998 | No |
Louisiana (LA) | November 1998 | No |
Massachusetts (MA) | October 1997 | Yes |
Maryland (MD) | July 1998 | No |
Maine (ME) | July 1998 | No |
Michigan (MI) | May 1998 | No |
Minnesota (MN) | September 1998 | Yes |
Missouri (MO) | October 1997 | No |
Mississippi (MS) | July 1998 | No |
Montana (MT) | January 1998 | No |
North Carolina (NC) | October 1998 | No |
North Dakota (ND) | October 1998 | No |
Nebraska (NE) | May 1998 | Yes |
New Hampshire (NH) | May 1998 | No |
New Jersey (NJ) | February 1998 | Yes |
New Mexico (NM) | May 1998 | Yes |
Nevada (NV) | October 1998 | No |
New York (NY) | April 1998 | Yes |
Ohio (OH) | January 1998 | No |
Oklahoma (OK) | December 1997 | No |
Oregon (OR) | July 1998 | No |
Pennsylvania (PA) | June 1998 | Yes |
Rhode Island (RI) | October 1997 | No |
South Carolina (SC) | October 1997 | No |
South Dakota (SD) | July 1998 | No |
Tennessee (TN) | October 1997 | No |
Texas (TX) | July 1998 | No |
Utah (UT) | August 1998 | No |
Virginia (VA) | October 1998 | Yes |
Vermont (VT) | October 1998 | No |
Washington (WA) | January 2000 | Yes |
Wisconsin (WI) | April 1999 | No |
West Virginia (WV) | July 1998 | No |
Wyoming (WY) | April 1999 | No |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.03144 (0.05516) | −0.04661 (0.04708) | 0.18127 (0.13897) |
Age | 0.00412 |
0.00189 |
0.00223 |
Female | −0.04593 |
−0.04148 |
−0.00449 |
College degree | −0.00477 |
−0.00353 |
−0.00125 (0.00119) |
White | 0.01376 |
0.00908 |
0.00503 (0.00359) |
Black | −0.03556 |
−0.01289 |
−0.02224 |
Hispanic | −0.02256 |
−0.00520* (0.00289) | −0.01726 |
Number of children | 0.01358 |
0.00855 |
0.00504 |
Lives in a city | 0.00794 |
−0.00501 |
0.01288 |
State population | 0.01691 (0.06453) | 0.01176 (0.01675) | −0.01816 (0.12021) |
Observations | 203,275 | 203,275 | 203,275 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | −0.04320 (0.10143) | 0.02171 (0.07292) | 0.51066 (0.56062) |
Age | 0.00349 |
0.00157 |
0.00192 |
Female | −0.05136 |
−0.03497 |
−0.01634 |
High school | −0.00803 |
0.01112 |
−0.01905 |
Some college | −0.00276 (0.00258) | 0.01721 |
−0.01973 |
College degree | 0.00565 |
0.03003 |
−0.02478 |
Advanced degree | 0.01165 |
0.03379 |
−0.02236 |
Number of children | 0.01590 |
0.00799 |
0.00797 |
Lives in a city | 0.02021 |
−0.00470 |
0.02409 |
State population | −0.02639 (0.06614) | 0.00969 (0.01300) | −0.24279 (0.26639) |
Observations | 461,397 | 461,397 | 461,397 |
Sample mean/proportion | 0.007 | 1,324.39 |
SCHIP | 0.0090 |
0.0156 |
Observations | 609,365 | 609,365 |
Generous SCHIP | 0.04620 |
0.03038 |
0.01582 |
Age | −0.00003 (0.00003) | 0.00001 (0.00001) | −0.00003 (0.00002) |
Female | −0.00007 (0.00056) | 0.00021 (0.00027) | −0.00028 (0.00046) |
High school | −0.00047 (0.00110) | 0.00064 (0.00054) | −0.00111 (0.00091) |
Some college | −0.00085 (0.00111) | 0.00082 (0.00054) | −0.00167* (0.00092) |
White | −0.00437 |
−0.00060 (0.00072) | −0.00376 |
Black | −0.00721 |
−0.00213 |
−0.00508 |
Hispanic | −0.00117 (0.00203) | 0.00056 (0.00088) | −0.00173 (0.00165) |
Number of children | −0.00000 (0.00025) | 0.00012 (0.00012) | −0.00012 (0.00021) |
Lives in a city | 0.00375 |
0.00168 |
0.00207 |
State population | 0.65169 |
0.17641 |
0.47528 |
Observations | 406,090 | 406,090 | 406,090 |
Entrepreneurial propensity of natives: | 0.0950 | 0.0345 | 0.0606 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.0035 |
0.0064 |
0.0025 |
Age | 0.00310 |
0.00139 |
0.00171 |
Female | −0.04504 |
−0.02901 |
−0.01603 |
High school | −0.00688 |
0.00903 |
−0.01591 |
Some college | −0.00141 (0.00135) | 0.01478 |
−0.01619 |
College degree | 0.00642 |
0.02653 |
−0.02011 |
Advanced degree | 0.01341 |
0.03144 |
−0.01804 |
White | 0.02559 |
0.01142 |
0.01416 |
Black | −0.02389 |
−0.01070 |
−0.01320 |
Hispanic | −0.01709 |
−0.00484 |
−0.01226 |
Number of children | 0.01181 |
0.00626 |
0.00555 |
Lives in a city | 0.01484 |
−0.00430 |
0.01914 |
State population | 0.00027 (0.00087) | 0.00080 |
−0.00043 (0.00071) |
Observations | 1,111,863 | 1,111,863 | 1,111,863 |
Average supply of immigrant entrepreneurs: | 144,200 | 41,800 | 102,400 |
Generous SCHIP | 0.1160 |
0.0493 |
0.0668 |
First stage F-stat | 2,101.30 | 2,697.76 | 1,374.92 |
Observations | 609,365 | 609,365 | 609,365 |
Generous SCHIP | 0.09265 |
0.02986 |
0.06280 |
Age | 0.00001 (0.00007) | 0.00004 (0.00003) | −0.00004 (0.00006) |
Female | 0.00017 (0.00142) | 0.00013 (0.00071) | 0.00005 (0.00116) |
High school | −0.00049 (0.00242) | 0.00229 |
−0.00278 (0.00201) |
Some college | −0.00507 |
0.00230 |
−0.00737 |
College degree | 0.00107 (0.00287) | 0.00467 |
−0.00360 (0.00238) |
Advanced degree | 0.00084 (0.00344) | 0.00235 (0.00180) | −0.00151 (0.00283) |
Number of children | 0.00112 |
0.00009 (0.00031) | 0.00103 |
Lives in a city | 0.00309 (0.00213) | 0.00175 (0.00121) | 0.00134 (0.00174) |
State population | 0.61485 |
0.16403 |
0.45081 |
Observations | 64,163 | 64,163 | 64,163 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.09242* (0.05191) | 0.02171 (0.08435) | 0.12605* (0.06622) |
Age | 0.00142 |
0.00038 |
0.00105 |
Female | −0.02960 |
−0.01345 |
−0.01614 |
High school | −0.00514 (0.00342) | 0.00246 |
−0.00735 |
Some college | −0.00147 (0.00351) | 0.00613 |
−0.00719 |
College | 0.00754 |
0.01698 |
−0.00899 |
Advanced degree | 0.01911 |
0.02570 |
−0.00637 (0.00413) |
Number of children | 0.00388 |
0.00233 |
0.00152 |
Lives in a city | −0.00109 (0.00353) | −0.00188 (0.00159) | 0.00087 (0.00318) |
State population | −0.05595 |
−0.00293 (0.01364) | −0.05658 |
Observations | 64,163 | 64,163 | 64,163 |
Entrepreneurial propensity of natives: | 0.0950 | 0.0345 | 0.0606 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.0035 |
0.0064 |
0.0025 |
Observations | 1,111,863 | 1,111,863 | 1,111,863 |
Entrepreneurial propensity of natives: | 0.0950 | 0.0345 | 0.0606 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.0080 (0.0161) | 0.0875 (0.0993) | −0.0005 (0.0150) |
Observations | 609,352 | 609,352 | 609,352 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.0130 (0.0667) | −0.0320 (0.0407) | 1.2307 (1.9806) |
Observations | 609,365 | 609,365 | 609,365 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.0109 (0.0611) | –0.0491 (0.1231) | 0.1268 (0.3590) |
Observations | 609,365 | 609,365 | 609,365 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | −0.0057 (0.1044) | 0.0128 (0.0098) | −0.0588 (0.0634) |
Observations | 605,156 | 605,156 | 605,156 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | −0.0014 (0.0984) | −0.0537 (0.0479) | −0.2859 (0.3718) |
Observations | 806,462 | 806,462 | 806,462 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.03144 (0.05516) | −0.04661 (0.04708) | 0.18127 (0.13897) |
Age | 0.00264 |
0.00102 |
0.00162 |
Female | −0.04654 |
−0.02342 |
−0.02307 |
High school | −0.00584 |
0.00813 |
−0.01376 |
Some college | −0.00080 (0.00179) | 0.01370 |
−0.01419 |
White | 0.03208 |
0.01239 |
0.02021 |
Black | −0.02104 |
−0.01112 |
−0.00932 |
Hispanic | −0.01388 |
−0.00498 |
−0.00859 |
Number of children | 0.01184 |
0.00497 |
0.00690 |
Lives in a city | 0.02034 |
−0.00425 |
0.02441 |
State population | −0.01453 (0.03602) | 0.00996 (0.00842) | −0.08193 (0.06607) |
Observations | 406,090 | 406,090 | 406,090 |
Average supply of immigrant entrepreneurs: | 144,200 | 41,800 | 102,400 |
Generous SCHIP | 0.1160 |
0.0493 |
0.0668 |
Age | −0.00002 (0.00002) | 0.00000 (0.00001) | −0.00002 (0.00002) |
Female | 0.00024 (0.00046) | 0.00011 (0.00022) | 0.00013 (0.00038) |
High school | −0.00079 (0.00110) | 0.00056 (0.00053) | −0.00136 (0.00091) |
Some college | −0.00158 (0.00111) | 0.00069 (0.00054) | −0.00227 |
College degree | 0.00114 (0.00115) | 0.00131 |
−0.00017 (0.00095) |
Advanced degree | 0.00139 (0.00125) | 0.00140 |
−0.00001 (0.00104) |
White | −0.00704 |
−0.00147 |
−0.00557 |
Black | −0.00916 |
−0.00249 |
−0.00667 |
Hispanic | −0.00353 |
0.00009 (0.00079) | −0.00362** (0.00150) |
Number of children | −0.00030 (0.00021) | −0.00007 (0.00010) | −0.00023 (0.00017) |
Lives in a city | 0.00456 |
0.00206 |
0.00250 |
State population | 0.66179 |
0.17862 |
0.48317 |
Observations | 609,365 | 609,365 | 609,365 |
Age | 46.33 | 44.91 | 45.39 | 43.73 |
Female | 0.278 | 0.402 | 0.285 | 0.358 |
Less than high school | 0.0265 | 0.0633 | 0.0787 | 0.243 |
High school | 0.229 | 0.301 | 0.247 | 0.303 |
Some college | 0.274 | 0.301 | 0.179 | 0.175 |
College degree | 0.290 | 0.210 | 0.285 | 0.182 |
Advanced degree | 0.181 | 0.125 | 0.210 | 0.0978 |
White | 0.902 | 0.854 | 0.374 | 0.253 |
Black | 0.0402 | 0.0614 | 0.0560 | 0.0591 |
Hispanic | 0.0358 | 0.0567 | 0.238 | 0.450 |
Number of family members under 18 | 0.851 | 0.803 | 1.021 | 1.028 |
Lives in a metropolitan city | 0.853 | 0.772 | 0.962 | 0.943 |
Observations | 39,007 | 67,829 | 7,846 | 16,518 |
Entrepreneurial propensity of natives: | 0.0950 | 0.0345 | 0.0606 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.0109 (0.0470) | −0.0491 (0.0426) | 0.1268 (0.1161) |
Age | 0.00311 |
0.00134 |
0.00178 |
Female | −0.04720 |
−0.03003 |
−0.01718 |
High school | −0.00528 |
0.00888 |
−0.01397 |
Some college | −0.00005 (0.00178) | 0.01482 |
−0.01457 |
College degree | 0.00885 |
0.02726 |
−0.01832 |
Advanced degree | 0.01802 |
0.03320 |
−0.01510 |
White | 0.02627 |
0.01184 |
0.01499 |
Black | −0.02582 |
−0.01105 |
−0.01415 |
Hispanic | −0.01754 |
−0.00482 |
−0.01230 |
Number of children | 0.01279 |
0.00661 |
0.00620 |
Lives in a city | 0.01795 |
−0.00446 |
0.02224 |
State population | −0.00482 (0.03122) | 0.01032 (0.00772) | −0.06039 (0.05612) |
Observations | 609,365 | 609,365 | 609,365 |
Entrepreneurial propensity of natives | 0.0950 | 0.0345 | 0.0606 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.0109 (0.0470) | −0.0491 (0.0426) | 0.1268 (0.1161) |
Observations | 609,365 | 609,365 | 609,365 |
Generous SCHIP | 0.02622 |
0.02212 |
0.00410 |
Age | −0.00001 (0.00002) | −0.00000 (0.00001) | −0.00000 (0.00002) |
Female | −0.00009 (0.00049) | 0.00002 (0.00024) | −0.00010 (0.00040) |
High school | 0.00018 (0.00123) | 0.00033 (0.00063) | −0.00015 (0.00102) |
Some college | −0.00002 (0.00124) | 0.00042 (0.00063) | −0.00044 (0.00104) |
College degree | 0.00166 (0.00127) | 0.00066 (0.00065) | 0.00100 (0.00106) |
Advanced degree | 0.00149 (0.00138) | 0.00086 (0.00070) | 0.00063 (0.00115) |
Number of children | −0.00028 (0.00022) | −0.00014 (0.00011) | −0.00015 (0.00018) |
Lives in a city | 0.00393 |
0.00184 |
0.00209 |
State population | 0.65092 |
0.17584 |
0.47509 |
Observations | 461,397 | 461,397 | 461,397 |
Entrepreneurial propensity of natives: | 0.0935 | 0.0357 | 0.0578 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | −0.1659 (0.1109) | −0.1791 (0.1286) | −0.1510 (0.1945) |
First stage F stat | 139.94 | 144.049 | 369.79 |
Observations | 64,475 | 64,475 | 64,475 |
Entrepreneurial propensity of natives: | 0.0997 | 0.0350 | 0.0647 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.0369 (0.0514) | −0.0349 (0.0454) | 0.1834 (0.1321) |
First stage F stat | 984.07 | 1622.47 | 194.04 |
Observations | 544,890 | 544,890 | 544,890 |
Self-employed | 0.0961 | 0.0950 | 0.101 |
Incorporated self-employed | 0.0342 | 0.0345 | 0.0330 |
Unincorporated self-employed | 0.0619 | 0.0606 | 0.0684 |
Age | 41.28 | 41.41 | 40.66 |
Female | 0.471 | 0.481 | 0.422 |
Less than high school | 0.0815 | 0.0494 | 0.239 |
High school | 0.295 | 0.300 | 0.271 |
Some college | 0.285 | 0.306 | 0.179 |
College degree | 0.224 | 0.231 | 0.192 |
Advanced degree | 0.114 | 0.113 | 0.119 |
White | 0.677 | 0.776 | 0.197 |
Black | 0.108 | 0.113 | 0.0838 |
Other race | 0.214 | 0.111 | 0.719 |
Hispanic | 0.147 | 0.0817 | 0.468 |
Number of family members under 18 | 0.807 | 0.765 | 1.011 |
Lives in a metropolitan | 0.852 | 0.832 | 0.947 |
State population (millions) | 7.661 | 7.124 | 1.029 |
Observations | 1,361,196 | 1,111,850 | 249,346 |
Entrepreneurial propensity of natives: | 0.0469 | 0.0126 | 0.0343 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.0924 |
0.0217 (0.0843) | 0.1260 |
First stage F stat | 442.68 | 157.00 | 369.79 |
Observations | 64,163 | 64,163 | 64,163 |
Entrepreneurial propensity of natives: | 0.1121 | 0.0414 | 0.0706 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.0434 (0.1014) | −0.0432 (0.0729) | 0.5106 (0.5606) |
First stage F stat | 280.89 | 731.16 | 12.25 |
Observations | 461,397 | 461,397 | 461,397 |
Immigrant entrepreneurs | 0.01247 (0.0258) | 0.5644 (0.3684) | −0.0130 (0.0225) |
First stage F-stat | 7,012.38 | 72.25 | 8,873.64 |
Observations | 609,365 | 609,365 | 609,365 |