Social intelligence, empathy, and self-esteem among undergraduate nursing students: a correlational study

Figure 1.

Spearman’s rho correlation between SI, empathy, and self-esteem (N = 465)

Spearman’s rho	Empathy	Self-esteem	SI
1. Empathy	1
2. Self-esteem	−0.101*(0.030)	1
3. SI	0.315** (<0.001)	−0.066	1

Description of the subscale of SI (N = 465)_

Tromso Social Intelligence Subscales	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	SD
SIP	15	49	36.07	6.2
SS	10	46	29.87	5.2
SA	8	45	26.03	6.25

Association between SI, empathy, self-esteem, and year of study using Kruskal–Wallis (N = 465)_

Variables	Year of study	f	Mean rank	H (df)	P-value
SI				14.179 (3)	0.003
	1	196	225.25
	2	131	261.69
	3	111	203.52
	4	27	271.3
Empathy				18.422 (3)	0.001
	1	196	217.9
	2	131	270.73
	3	111	207.3
	4	27	265.22
Self-esteem				19.148 (3)	0.001
	1	196	202.56
	2	131	264.85
	3	111	243.69
	4	27	255.5

Mann–Whitney test showing the association between the variables and gender (N = 465)_

S. No.	Variables	Gender	f	Mean rank	U	Z	P-value
1	SI	Male	64	233.35	12,691.5	−0.141	0.888
		Female	401	230.80
2	Empathy	Male	64	213.64	11,593	−1.241	0.214
		Female	401	236.09
3	Self-esteem	Male	64	254.39	11,463	−1.381	0.167
		Female	401	229.59

Mann–Whitney U test showing the association between the TSIS subscales and demographics (gender and age) (N = 465)_

Variables	TSIS subcategories and category	N	Mean rank	U	Z	P-value
Age (years)
	SI processing			3325	−2.225	0.026
	18–21	444	236.01
	22–25	21	169.33
	SS			3457	−2.007	0.045
	18–21	444	235.71
	22–25	21	175.62
	SA			4216	−0.742	0.458
	18–21	444	234
	22–25	21	211.76
Gender
	SI processing			12,452.5	−0.381	0.703
	Female	401	233.95
	Male	64	227.07
	SS			14,813	1.989	0.047
	Female	401	228.06
	Male	64	263.96
	SA			13,639.5	0.81	0.418
	Female	401	230.99
	Male	64	245.62

Description of Demographic characteristics in frequency and percentage (N = 465)_

Demographic characteristics	f	%
Age (years)
18–21	444	95.5
22–25	21	4.5
Gender
Male	64	13.8
Female	401	86.2
Religion
Hindu	155	33.3
Christian	293	63
Muslim	14	3
Jew	1	0.2
Buddhist	2	0.4
Year of study
I year	196	42.2
II year	131	28.2
III year	111	23.9
IV year	27	5.8
Monthly household income (rupees)
199,862	460	98.9
99,931–199,861	2	0.4
74,756–99,930	2	0.4
49,962–74,755	1	0.2
Type of family
Nuclear	387	83.2
Joint	74	15.9
Extended	4	0.9
Education of father
Primary	8	1.7
Secondary	186	40
Higher Secondary	99	21.3
Diploma	44	9.5
Degree	93	20
Post-graduation	29	6.2
PhD and above	5	1.1
Uneducated	1	0.2
Education of mother
Primary	6	1.3
Secondary	148	31.8
Higher Secondary	127	27.3
Diploma	39	8.4
Degree	97	20.9
Post-graduation	44	9.5
PhD and above	2	0.4
Uneducated	2	0.4
Area of living
Urban	108	23.2
Rural	357	76.8
Languages spoken
1–2	339	72.9
>2	126	27.1