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Activity of Slow-Moving Landslides Recorded in Eccentric Tree Rings of Norway Spruce Trees (Picea Abies Karst.) — An Example from the Kamienne MTS. (Sudetes MTS., Central Europe)

Ireneusz Malik
Ireneusz Malik
, 
Małgorzata Wistuba
Małgorzata Wistuba
, 
Piotr Migoń
Piotr Migoń
 et 
Maria Fajer
Maria Fajer
   | 13 avr. 2016
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Article Category: Research Article
Publié en ligne: 13 avr. 2016
Pages: 24 - 37
Reçu: 12 juil. 2015
Accepté: 11 janv. 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0028
Mots clés
©2015 I. Malik
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

a) Trees tilted and fallen during a single, abrupt landslide event on Girova Mt in 2010 (Western Carpathians, Czech Republic), b) Trees tilted upslope by slow movement of the Suchawa landslide and showing the pattern of upslope eccentricity developed in a spruce tree (Picea abies Karst.) tilted upslope.
a) Trees tilted and fallen during a single, abrupt landslide event on Girova Mt in 2010 (Western Carpathians, Czech Republic), b) Trees tilted upslope by slow movement of the Suchawa landslide and showing the pattern of upslope eccentricity developed in a spruce tree (Picea abies Karst.) tilted upslope.

a) Location of the study area in Central Europe and Poland, b) Location of studied landslide slopes in the Kamienne Mts.
a) Location of the study area in Central Europe and Poland, b) Location of studied landslide slopes in the Kamienne Mts.

Landslide slopes studied, with the location of sampled trees and reference sites: a)Suchawa site, b) Turzyna site, c) Garbatka site
Landslide slopes studied, with the location of sampled trees and reference sites: a)Suchawa site, b) Turzyna site, c) Garbatka site

Example showing use of tree-ring eccentricity index in detecting landslide activity at Garbatka as applied to two cores sampled from a single spruce tree: a) measured tree-ring widths, b) calculated values of eccentricity index, c) yearly variation of eccentricity index, d) landsliding events dated. U — width of tree ring in the upslope part of stem (mm); D — width of tree ring in the downslope part of stem (mm); E — eccentricity of tree ring (mm); Ei — eccentricity index of tree ring (%); vEi — yearly variation of eccentricity index (%); x — year (annual tree ring).
Example showing use of tree-ring eccentricity index in detecting landslide activity at Garbatka as applied to two cores sampled from a single spruce tree: a) measured tree-ring widths, b) calculated values of eccentricity index, c) yearly variation of eccentricity index, d) landsliding events dated. U — width of tree ring in the upslope part of stem (mm); D — width of tree ring in the downslope part of stem (mm); E — eccentricity of tree ring (mm); Ei — eccentricity index of tree ring (%); vEi — yearly variation of eccentricity index (%); x — year (annual tree ring).

Dendrochronological reconstruction of activity on the Suchawa landslide: a) April-September precipitation totals, b) dendrochronological events, c) up and downslope events, d) strength of dendrochronological events.
Dendrochronological reconstruction of activity on the Suchawa landslide: a) April-September precipitation totals, b) dendrochronological events, c) up and downslope events, d) strength of dendrochronological events.

Dendrochronological reconstruction of the activity on the Turzyna landslide: a) April-September precipitation totals, b) dendrochronological events, c) up and downslope events, d) strength of dendrochronological events.
Dendrochronological reconstruction of the activity on the Turzyna landslide: a) April-September precipitation totals, b) dendrochronological events, c) up and downslope events, d) strength of dendrochronological events.

Dendrochronological reconstruction of the activity on the Garbatka landslide slope: a) April-September precipitation totals, b) dendrochronological events, c) up and downslope events, d) strength of dendrochronological events.
Dendrochronological reconstruction of the activity on the Garbatka landslide slope: a) April-September precipitation totals, b) dendrochronological events, c) up and downslope events, d) strength of dendrochronological events.

a) Precipitation AprilSeptember totals compared with per cent of trees showing reaction to landsliding in the population of trees sampled on b) Suchawalandslide, c) Turzyna landslide, d) Garbatka landslide.
a) Precipitation AprilSeptember totals compared with per cent of trees showing reaction to landsliding in the population of trees sampled on b) Suchawalandslide, c) Turzyna landslide, d) Garbatka landslide.

Sample numbers, age of the oldest tree, the youngest tree and average age of trees sampled on all sites studied.

landslide / study sitenumber of trees sampledsample depth the oldest ring in samples takenavg. number of ring in cores sampledage of the youngest sampled tree
Suchawa361787911944
Suchawa reference site101933741949
Turzyna131914751952
Turzyna reference site101919731951
Garbatka211940661952
Garbatka reference site101939581970

Correlation coefficients for activity of Suchawa, Turzyna and Garbatka landslides and precipitation 1977–2007 (yearly totals and April to September totals)

Suchawa landslideTurzyna landslideGarbatka landslide
annual precipitation total0.110.180.25
precipitation totals April-September–0.030.040.53
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