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Fig.1
Impedance response (normalized) of mouse fibroblast cells on measured by an ECIS sensor array with a golden electrode at 16 kHz, showing various cellular morphological changes.
Fig. 2
The technological mask design of the cell impedance measurement test substrate, compatible with the base station of a commercial measurement device (a) view of the whole substrate, (b) single pair of electrodes, (c) photo of the copper electrodes taken with a Keyence VHX 5000 optical microscope.
Fig. 3
Impedance response measured by an ECIS sensor array with Ti, NiCr, and Cu electrodes at 16 kHz.
Fig. 4
Nichrome capacitor electrode with the dead cells after the experiment (magnification ×100).