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Rats and their helminth parasites: Potential zoonosis threats of land use change in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines

V. G. V. Paller
V. G. V. Paller
, 
R. N. Fornesa
R. N. Fornesa
, 
D. A. P. Fernandez
D. A. P. Fernandez
 y 
L. A. Estaño
L. A. Estaño
   | 23 abr 2024
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Article Category: Research Article
Publicado en línea: 23 abr 2024
Páginas: 30 - 39
Recibido: 26 sept 2023
Aceptado: 02 feb 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0005
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© 2024 V. G. V. Paller et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Spatial distribution of rats (Rattus spp.) and land cover types in Molawin-Dampalit subwatershed, Laguna, Philippines.
Spatial distribution of rats (Rattus spp.) and land cover types in Molawin-Dampalit subwatershed, Laguna, Philippines.

Fig. 2.

Relationship between parasite load and body (A) weight and (B) length of rats (Rattus spp.) in northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines.
Relationship between parasite load and body (A) weight and (B) length of rats (Rattus spp.) in northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines.

Prevalence of co-infection of helminth parasites in non-native rats (Rattus spp.) collected from various land use types in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines

–––––– Agricultural (% ; n=60) Agroforest (% ; n=60) Residential (% ; n=60)
H. diminuta + H. nana + C. hepatica + T. muris + T. pisiformis 0.00 0.00 1.70
H. diminuta + H. nana +N. brasiliensis + A. cantonensis 1.70 0.00 0.00
H. diminuta + H. nana + N. brasiliensis + C. hepatica 0.00 0.00 5.00
H. diminuta + H. nana + N. brasiliensis + Rictularia sp. 1.70 0.00 0.00
H. diminuta + H. nana + N. brasiliensis + Strongyloides + C. hepatica + T. muris 0.00 0.00 1.70
H. diminuta + H. nana + S. fasciolaris + A. cantonensis 0.00 0.00 1.70
H. diminuta + H. nana + S. fasciolaris + C. hepatica 0.00 0.00 10.00
H. diminuta + H. nana + S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis 1.70 3.30 0.00
H. diminuta + H. nana + S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis + C. hepatica 0.00 0.00 8.30
H. diminuta + H. nana + S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis + C. hepatica + T. muris + A. cantonensis 0.00 0.00 1.70
H. diminuta + H. nana + S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis + Strongyloides sp. + C. hepatica 0.00 0.00 1.70
H. diminuta + H. nana + S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis + S. ratti + T. muris 0.00 1.70 0.00
H. diminuta + H. nana + S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis + T. muris 0.00 0.00 1.70
H. diminuta + H. nana + S. ratti + C. hepatica + A. cantonensis 0.00 0.00 1.70
H. diminuta + S. fasciolaris + C. hepatica + A. cantonensis 0.00 0.00 1.70
H. diminuta + S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis + C. hepatica 0.00 0.00 3.30
H. diminuta + S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis + S. ratti + C. hepatica + T. muris 0.00 0.00 1.70
H. diminuta + S. fasciolaris + S. ratti + A. cantonensis 0.00 1.70 0.00
H. nana + N. brasiliensis + C. hepatica + A. cantonensis 0.00 1.70 0.00
H. nana + N. brasiliensis + S. ratti + A. cantonensis 0.00 1.70 0.00
H. nana + N. brasiliensis + S. ratti + C. hepatica + T. muris 0.00 0.00 1.70
H. nana + S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis + C. hepatica 0.00 0.00 3.30
H. nana + S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis + S. ratti + C. hepatica + T. pisiformis 0.00 0.00 1.70
N. brasiliensis + S. ratti + C. hepatica + A. cantonensis 1.70 0.00 0.00
N. brasiliensis + S. ratti + C. hepatica + T. muris + Rictularia sp. 0.00 0.00 1.70
S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis + C. hepatica + A. cantonensis 1.70 0.00 0.00
S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis + E. ilocanum + A. cantonensis 1.70 0.00 0.00
S. fasciolaris + N. brasiliensis+ S. ratti + T. muris + A. cantonensis 0.00 1.70 0.00

Summary of prevalence (%) of helminth parasites in non-native rats (Rattus spp.) collected from various land use types in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines.

Parameter No. of Sample No. of Infected Prevalence Rate (%) Confidence Interval (CI**)
Habitat p = 0.718
Agricultural 60 55 91.7 (84.76–98.66)
Agro-forest 60 55 91.7 (84.76–98.66)
Residential 60 57 95 (89.49–100)
Species p = 0.264
R. exulans 18 15 83 (66.12–100)
R. norvegicus 32 30 93.8 (85.36–100)
R. tanezumi 130 122 93.8 (89.72–97.98)
Sex p=0.142
Female 103 93 90.3(84.57–96.01)
Male 76 74 96.1 (93.77–100)
Age p=0.013*
Adult 135 129 95.6 (92.08–99.03)
Juvenile 45 38 84.4 (73.86–95.03)
Season p=0.400
Dry 109 99 90.82 (85.41–96.24)
Wet 71 68 95.77 (91.1–100)

Prevalence (%) of helminth parasites per species of non-native rats (Rattus spp.) collected from various land use types in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines.

Parasites R. exulans (n=18) R. tanezumi (n = 130) R. norvegicus (n = 32) Overall (N = 180) *p-value
H. diminuta 27.78 37.69 50 38.89 0.00
H. nana 27.78 31.31 71.88 36.89 0.00
S. fasciolaris 38.89 53.08 50.00 51.11 0.44
N. brasiliensis 50.00 51.54 46.88 50.56 0.66
S. ratti 0.00 8.46 25.00 10.56 0.08
E. ilocanum 11.11 4.62 0.00 4.44 0.00
T. muris 0.00 3.85 25.00 7.22 0.00
A. cantonensis 44.44 16.92 9.38 18.33 0.00
Rictularia sp. 0.00 0.77 3.13 1.11 0.60
T. pisiformis 0.00 0.77 6.25 1.67 0.05
C. hepatica 2.23 9.14 12.46 23.88 0.02
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